CPTED is an approach to reducing crime through environmental design. It has 4 principles: natural surveillance through visibility, access control to guide people's movement, territorial reinforcement to express ownership, and maintenance to prevent reduction of these crime prevention measures. Following these principles in building and area design can reduce fear of crime, actual crime incidents, and improve quality of life.

1. CPTED: CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is the proper design
and effective use of the built environment that can lead to:
• A reduction in the fear of crime
• A reduction in incidents of crime
• An improvement in the quality of life.
• CPTED is based on 4 key overlapping principles.
• Natural Surveillance
• Natural Access Control
• Territorial Reinforcement
• Maintenance
• Natural Surveillance
• Natural surveillance is the placement of physical features, activities, and people in
a way that maximizes visibility.
• Natural Access Control
• Natural access control means controlling access to site. People are physically
guided through a space by the strategic design of streets, sidewalks, building
entrances, and landscaping.
• Territorial Reinforcement
• Territorial reinforcement is the use of physical attributes that express ownership
such as fencing, pavement, treatments, signage, and landscaping.
• Maintenance
• Maintenance plans allow for the continued use of space for its intended purpose.
It serves as an additional expression of ownership. It also prevents reduction of
visibility from landscaping overgrowth and obstructed or inoperative lighting.