Antisemitism Awareness Act: pénaliser la critique de l'Etat d'Israël
Syngas to Electricity - Martin van 't Hoff
1. Syngas
to
Power
Advanced
Gasifica5on,
Gas
Cleaning
and
Product
Gas
u5liza5on
Alkmaar,
The
Netherlands
October
2nd
2014
Presented
by:
Mar5n
van
‘t
Hoff
Biomass
Gasifica5on
Europe
2014
2. Presenta5on
contents
• Co-‐opera5on
Royal
Dahlman
-‐
ECN
• MILENA
gasifica5on
• OLGA
product
gas
cleaning
• Electricity
via
gas
engines
and
gas
turbines
• Waste
to
Energy
project
• Gaseous
and
liquid
fuels
• Research
opportuni5es
at
Investa
3. ECN
&
Royal
Dahlman
• Applied
R&D;
Transfer
from
fundamental
research
to
a
system
which
is
ready
for
the
market
• Scien5sts,
lab
&
pilot
facili5es
• Process
modelling
• Measurements
and
analysis
• Patent
holder
of
MILENA
&
OLGA
technology
• Coopera5on
with
Royal
Dahlman
on
biomass
and
waste
gasifica5on
since
2001
• Engineering
and
produc5on
of
technology
based
equipment
• Commercial
system
design
• Technology
delivery
to
the
market
• License
holder
of
MILENA
and
OLGA
technology
• OLGA
commercial
demonstrated
• MILENA
is
launched
on
the
market
based
on
ECN
license
and
Royal
Dahlman
marke5ng
&
engineering
4. Biomass
vs.
Coal
gasifica5on
Syngas
vs.
product
gas,
reason
for
confusion!
• Highly
reac5ve
fuels
such
as
coal
or
tar-‐oil
are
gasified
with
oxygen
at
temperatures
above
1200
°C
and
produce
a
‘syngas’
CO
–
H2
and
CO2
–
H2O.
• Biomass
or
waste
gasifica5on
has
a
reac5on
temperature
of
700
-‐
950
°C
and
produce
a
‘product
gas’
(syngas
+
hydrocarbons)
CO
–
H2
–
CH4
–
C2H6
–
tars
and
CO2
–
H2O.
5. Biomass
vs.
Coal
gasifica5on
(2)
• Coal
gasifiers
have
a
very
large
scale
of
economy
• Coal
(entrained
flow)
gasifiers
need
fine
powders
or
slurries,
they
are
not
suitable
for
biomass
or
waste
(chips,
fluff)
• We
aim
for
high
efficiencies
on
a
scale
of
5
to
50
MWe
• Our
fuel:
wood,
waste
&
agricultural
residues
Examples
(L
to
R):
Waste
wood
Soya
Stalk
RDF
from
MSW
6. The
MILENA
gasifier
MILENA
an
indirect
gasifier
• Both
reactors
in
one
refractory
lined
reactor
vessel
• 100%
carbon
to
gas
ra5o
o Resul5ng
in
carbon
free
ash,
less
waste,
cleaner
waste
&
safer
waste
o Resul5ng
in
a
higher
cold
gas
efficiency
(5
to
15%
higher
on
LHV
basis)
• Separate
flue
gas
exhaust,
no
or
minimized
nitrogen
dilu5on
of
the
product
gas
o Compared
to
air
blown
gasifica5on
a
3
to
4
5mes
higher
hea5ng
value.
o Compared
to
oxygen/steam
blown
gasifica5on
a
much
higher
efficiency
(no
ASU
parasi5c),
while
s5ll
having
60%
more
hea5ng
value
o Very
suitable
for
cataly5c
upgrading
&
gas
turbines
8. Gasifica5on
product
gas
cleaning
Simplified…
• Solid
par5culates
• Organic
impuri5es
(tars,
dioxins)
mainly
dependant
upon
gasifier
type
and
opera5onal
characteris5cs
• Inorganic
impuri5es
(H2S,
HCl,
NH3
etc.)
mainly
dependant
upon
feedstock
composi5on
• Other
impuri5es
(heavy
metals,
HCN,
COS
etc.)
mainly
dependant
upon
feedstock
composi5on
• A
dirty
feedstock
(waste)
is
alrac5ve,
but
results
in
more
cleaning
efforts
9. The
tar
problem
1.
Heavy
tars
•
Condensa5on
leads
to
fouling
<
400
-‐
450°C
•
Tar
dew
point
is
cri5cal
parameter
Deactivation of catalyst
(SNG production)
Fouling of equipment
(gas cleaning)
Plugging of an intercooler
(gas engines/turbines)
10. The
tar
problem
2.
Light
tars
• Heterocyclic
compounds
(phenol)
are
water
soluble,
condensate
&
scrubber
water
is
poisoned
• Naphthalene
can
cause
crystalliza5on
problems
Phenol Naphthalene
12. OLGA
Tar
removal
Portugal:
CFB
gasifier,
OLGA
gas
cleaning,
Caterpillar
3516A+
gas
engine
OLGA,
a
tar/oil
based
gas
scrubber
• OLGA
captures
tars
with
high
efficiencies,
well
within
specifica5on
for
gas
engines,
gas
turbines
and
cataly5c
processes
(SNG,
FT-‐diesel).
• OLGA
does
not
convert
the
tars
by
using
electricity
or
combus5ng
part
of
the
product
gas.
OLGA
captures
tars
and
recycles
these
as
fuel
to
the
gasifier.
• OLGA
has
low
pressure
drop
and
only
consumes
some
electricity
for
pumps
and
tracing
<
0,1
MW
for
a
10
MW
gross
electric
plant
(1%).
• OLGA
does
not
change
the
main
gas
composi5on,
high
energy
carriers
like
methane,
ethene
and
the
bulk
of
the
benzene
and
toluene
stay
in
the
product
gas.
• OLGA
is
able
to
handle
very
high
tar
loads,
up
to
50
g/Nm3
allowing
us
to
op5mize
the
MILENA.
13. OLGA
&
dew
points
Temperature
°C
Dew
points
&
process
choices
T
=
850°C
Cooler
Particle
separation
Water
dew
point
±
75˚C
Actual
temperature
450
–
500°C
Tar
dew
point
400-‐450˚C
14. Dew
points
are
important!
Condensation
Temperature
°C
Dew
points
&
process
choices
Tar
dew
point
400-‐450˚C
Water
dew
point
±
75˚C
Tar
dew
point
<
10˚C)
Absorption
Cooler
OLGA
Separation of:
tars & fine particles
Particle
separation
T
=
850°C
Actual
temperature
15. Dew
points
are
important!
Condensation
Temperature
°C
Dew
points
&
process
choices
Tar
dew
point
400-‐450˚C
Water
dew
point
±
75˚C
Do
not
mix
tar
&
water!
Tar
dew
point
<
10˚C
Absorption
Cooler
OLGA
Separation of:
tars & fine particles
Particle
separation
T
=
850°C
Actual
temperature
Water Quench,
condenser & scrubber
(inorganics)
WDP
30ºC
Actual
temperature
16. PFD
-‐
OLGA
with
cyclone
OLGA;
a
waste
free
system!
17. OLGA
Performance,
gas
analysis
Component
(values
in
mg/Nm3)
Raw
Gas
AWer
OLGA
Efficiency
Benzene
(not
a
tar
component)
644
428
34%
Toluene
439
101
77%
Ethylbenzene
8
1
87%
m/p-‐Xylene
68
2
97%
o-‐Xylene+Styrene
551
4
99%
Phenol
597
-‐
100%
Indeen+o-‐cresol
864
4
100%
m/p-‐Cresol
36
-‐
100%
Naphthalene
2.822
2
100%
Quinoline
14
-‐
100%
Isoquinoline
4
-‐
100%
2-‐methyl-‐nasalene
287
-‐
100%
1-‐methyl-‐nasalene
212
-‐
100%
Biphenyl
219
-‐
100%
Ethenyl-‐naphtalene
197
1
99%
Acenaphtylene
1.070
1
100%
Acenaphtene
70
0
100%
Detec5on
limit
is
2,5
mg/Nm3
18. OLGA
Performance,
gas
analysis
Component
(values
in
mg/Nm3)
Raw
Gas
AWer
OLGA
Efficiency
Fluorene
425
-‐
100%
Phenanthrene
1.076
-‐
100%
Anthracene
398
-‐
100%
Fluoranthene
505
-‐
100%
Pyrene
609
-‐
100%
Benzo(a)-‐anthracene
184
-‐
100%
Chrysene
167
-‐
100%
Benzo(b)-‐fluoranthene
123
-‐
100%
Benzo(k)-‐fluoranthene
47
-‐
100%
Benzo(e)-‐pyrene
71
-‐
100%
Benzo(a)-‐pyrene
148
-‐
100%
Perylene
24
-‐
100%
Indeno(123-‐cd)-‐perylene
73
-‐
100%
Dibenz(ah)-‐anthracene
18
-‐
100%
Benzo(ghi)-‐perylene
57
-‐
100%
Coronene
30
-‐
100%
Total
known
tar
components
11.415
117
99%
Total
unknown
tars
5.691
54
99%
19. OLGA
Performance,
gas
analysis
Parameter
Unit
Raw
Gas
AWer
OLGA
Efficiency
Total
tar
mg/Nm³
(dry)
17.106
171
99,0%
Total
tar
excl.
BTX
mg/Nm³
(dry)
16.040
63
99,6%
Total
tar
excl.
BTX
&
unknowns
mg/Nm³
(dry)
10.349
9
99,9%
Naphthalene
(key-‐component)
mg/Nm³
(dry)
2.822
<
2,5
>
99,9%
Phenol
(key-‐component)
mg/Nm³
(dry)
386
<
2,5
>
99,9%
Tar
dewpoint
°
C
>
350
<
15
°
F
>
660
<
59
Tar
aerosols
(incl.
dust)
mg/Nm³
(dry)
-‐-‐
10
21. Clean
Product
Gas
specifica5on
Clean
Product
Gas
MILENA
MILENA
Air
blown
CFB
Oxygen
/
Steam
blown
CFB
Specifica[on
Olivine
bed
Sand
bed
Sand
bed
Sand
bed
Refuse
Derived
Fuel
(RDF),
25%
moisture,
16%
ash,
21,6
MJ/kg
LHV
daf
>>
Carbon
to
Gas
efficiency
100%
100%
95%
95%
Cold
Gas
efficiency
(excl.
tars)
~
80%
~
80%
70
-‐
75%
70
-‐
75%
Product
gas
composi[on
(vol%)
Clean
product
gas
downstream
OLGA
&
water
condensa[on
@
6%
water
CO
15,0
22,0
12,5
28,0
H2
21,3
14,2
11,3
21,6
CO2
22,6
15,8
13,1
29,7
O2
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
H2O
6,0
6,0
6,0
6,0
CH4
12,7
15,3
2,9
8,6
N2
(with
air
fluidiza5on)
9,4
10,9
51,2
0,6
CxHy
(>CH4
&
<
toluene)
11,5
13,9
1,7
3,7
Total
98,5
98,1
98,7
98,1
LHV
(wet)
(MJ/Nm3)
17,1
19,8
4,8
11,3
LHV
(wet)
(Btu/ss)
427
495
130
303
Wobbe
(LHV,
MJ/Nm3)
18,6
21,8
5,1
12,0
Wobbe
(LHV,
Btu/scf)
464
545
137
321
22. Set
up
CHP
–
IGCC
plant
with
OLGA
1-‐10
MWe
Gas
engines
+
ORC
6-‐50
MWe
IGCC
Gas
turbine
combined
cycle
23. Engine
or
Turbine?
Gas
engines
• Available
for
product
gas
in
1-‐2
MWe
per
engine
• Loss
with
ac5ve
cooling
• Typical
availability
85%
• Lower
power
output
on
product
gas
vs.
on
natural
gas
(10%
-‐
50%
dera5ng)
• Lower
capex,
higher
opex
1-‐10
MWe
Gas
turbines
• Available
Gas
engines
+
ORC
for
product
gas
in
6
MWe
per
turbine
and
larger
capaci5es
• Very
low
loss
but
compressor
parasi5c
• High
availability,
typical
96%
• Higher
power
output
on
product
gas
vs.
on
natural
gas
(expansion
advantage
+10%)
• Higher
capex,
lower
opex
6-‐50
MWe
IGCC
Gas
turbine
combined
cycle
24. MILENA-‐OLGA
CHP-‐IGCC
efficiencies
Net
plant
efficiency
to
useful
low
quality
heat
Net
plant
efficiency
to
high
quality
heat
Net
plant
efficiency
to
power
26%
32%
17%
31%
25%
39%
32%
48%
47%
13%
13%
16%
16%
21%
21%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Gas
Engine
Gas
Engine
+
ORC
GT
single
cycle
GT
comb.
cycle
GT
single
cycle
GT
comb.
cycle
24
MWth
24
MWth
160
MWth
155
ton/day
RDF
153
ton/day
RDF
1035
ton/day
RDF
25. Waste
to
Energy
-‐
ETI
selec5on
Worlds
most
efficient
waste
to
energy
technology
contest
• The
UK
based
Energy
Technologies
Ins5tute
(ETI)
selected
Royal
Dahlman
with
two
UK
companies
to
compete
in
this
challenge
• In
January
‘14,
we
completed
a
FEED
study
which
included
extensive
tests
on
UK
waste
• In
the
coming
months
the
winner
will
be
announced,
which
will
receive
an
ETI
investment
for
the
demonstra5on
plant
26. The
Grimsby
Renewable
Power
facility
Project
Sta[s[cs
Project
loca5on
Moody
Lane,
Grimsby,
Lincolnshire,
UK
Plant
commercial
feedstock
Flexible:
RDF
-‐
SRF
-‐
Biomass
Waste
input
(at
MRF)
60.000
to
80.000
tpa
(based
on
typical
MRF
opera5on)
Plant
RDF/SRF
input
37.000
tpa
SRF
or
47.000
tpa
RDF
Plant
input
energy
22-‐23
MW
(LHV)
at
nominal
capacity
Plant
gross
electricity
genera5on
8,8
MW
Plant
net
electricity
sales
7,0
MW
(op5misa5on
to
7,6
MW
possible)
27. MILENA
–
OLGA
Most
Efficient
EFW
MRF
The
GRP
facility
receives
RDF/SRF
in
bales,
but
also
has
MRF
func5onality
for
flexibility
and
robustness.
Two
shredders,
a
sieve
and
magnet
belts
MILENA
The
MILENA
scope
includes
flue
gas
treatment,
coolers
and
the
cyclones
OLGA
-‐
AQUA
OLGA
(green)
captures
tars
and
dust
and
recycles
these
to
the
MILENA.
Downstream
OLGA
(blue)
water
is
condensed
out
and
components
such
as
HCl
and
NH3
are
removed
Power
Block
A
Solar/Caterpillar
Taurus60
gas
turbine,
heat
recovery
steam
generator
and
a
steam
turbine
that
also
receives
steam
from
the
MILENA
coolers
28. Waste
to
Energy
-‐
ETI
selec5on
22
MW
RDF
from
UK
waste,
to
7
MW
net
electricity
29. Waste
to
Energy
-‐
ETI
selec5on
MILENA
gasifier
Power
block
OLGA
–
AQUA
gas
cleaning
30. MILENA-‐OLGA
to
gaseous
and
liquid
fuels
MILENA-‐OLGA
delivers
a
clean
nitrogen
free
gas
suitable
for
cataly[c
conversion
to
several
gaseous
and
liquid
fuels
• CH4
–
SNG
–
“green
gas”
• Fisher-‐Tropsch
diesel
• H2
• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Jet
fuels
• Mixed
alcohols,
Etc.
31. Research
opportuni5es
at
Investa
MILENA
–
OLGA
–
SNG
line-‐up
Tie-‐in
for
full
or
slip
stream
tests
the
plant
capacity,
≈
4
MWth
Clean
product
gas
at
18-‐20
MJ/Nm3
(540-‐600
Nm3/hr)
Available
at
1
bara,
6
bara
or
40
bara
32. Thank
You!
Mar5n
van
‘t
Hoff
m.vanthoff@dahlman.nl
www.renewableenergy.nl
