This document discusses the passive cooling technique of courtyard design. A courtyard is an open area surrounded by buildings that allows natural ventilation and creates a microclimate. Courtyards benefit buildings by creating a conditioned zone through stack effect ventilation and reducing the need for mechanical cooling. Proper courtyard design considers factors like elevation, ratio, and dimensions to maximize passive cooling effects for different climates. Courtyards have historically been used in Islamic and Nepalese architecture and remain effective in contemporary sustainable building.

1. PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUE- “COURTYARD
EFFECT”
(SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE)
PREPARED BY : DRISHTY S. RANJIT
CRN : 073/B.ARCH/04
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
ACME ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SITAPAILA, KATHMANDU

2. PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM ???
LEAST EXPENSIVE
MEANS OF COOLING A
HOME WHICH
MAXIMIZES
EFFICIENCY OF A
BUILDING ENVELOPE
WITHOUT ANY USE OF
MECHANICAL DEVICES
METHODS
•NATURAL
VENTILATION
•SHADINGS
•WIND TOWERS
•COURTYARDS
•EARTH AIR
TUNNELS
•ROOF SPRAYS

3. COURTYARD EFFECT
• COURTYARD : A ROOM OPEN TO
THE SKY SURROUNDED BY
BUILDINGS
• APPLICABLE IN ALL CLIMATIC
REGIONS WITH ALL BUILDING
TYPOLOGIES

4. BENEFITS OF THE COURTYARD
FIG. : CHHAYA CENTER
COURTYARD

5. INFLUENTIAL FACTORES FOR IMPROVED MICROCLIMATIC CONDITION IN
COURTYARD SYSTEM

6. STACK EFFECT IN COURTYARD

7. FIG.: CREATION OF CONDITIONED ZONE THROUGH COURTYARD PLANNING

8. “COURTYARDS FUNCTION AS THE LUNGS IN THE CENTER”

9. BASIC REQUIREMT FOR DETERMINING TYPE OF COURTYARD
• COURTYARD ELEVATION : MAY VARY
ACCORDING TO VARIOUS CLIMATIC ZONES
SUMMER TIME : DEEPER FORMS
WINTER TIME : NARROW
FORMS
• BEST COURTYARD RATIO : PERMITS
LESS RADIANT HEAT GAIN
DURING SUMMER AND HIGH
RADIANT HEAT GAIN DURING
WINTER
• BEST COURTYARD DIMENSION :
6000mm x 9000mm x 6000mm

10. COURTYARD CONFIGURATION
FULLY ENCLOSED SEMI-ENCLOSED

11. COURTYARD CONFIGURATIONS
• BASED ON SHAPES
(U,L,T,Y ETC.)
• BASED ON FORMS
(SQUARE,RECTULAR,CIRCULAR,CURVILINEAR AND MANY
OTHER FORMS)

12. COURTYARDS IN
CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS

13. COURTYARD PLANNING IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE INCORPORATIING NATURAL ELEMENTS

14. COURTYARD PLANNING IN NEPALESE
ARCHITECTURE

15. ADVANTAGES
• NATURAL VENTILATION THAT RESULTS IN EFFECTIVE
PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES
• REDUCES DEPENDENCY ON ARTIFICIAL MEANS OF COOLING
LEADING TO ENERGY CONSERVATION

16. CONCLUSION
HENCE PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES LIKE
COURTYARD PLANNING ARE VERY EFFECTIVE IN
MAINTAINING INDOOR AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT
CONDITIONS THAT ENHANCES THE MICROCLIMATIC
CONDITION OF THE SITE.

17. REFERENCES
• www.researchgate.net/Courtyard_as_a_Passive_Cooling_Strategy_inBuildings
• www.sciencedirect.com