This document discusses indoor environmental quality and standards for indoor lighting. It outlines how good indoor environmental quality improves health, well-being, safety, and work performance. In contrast, bad indoor quality can harm health. It then discusses how indoor air quality depends on outdoor conditions and energy usage. The document advocates for using clean, green energy sources and improving energy efficiency. It promotes the use of LED lighting due to benefits like long life, high efficiency, and being environmentally friendly. The government and public should work together to adopt renewable energy, efficient products and construction practices to reduce carbon footprints and pollution.

1. Indoor Environment Quality,
indoor lighting and Standards
Dr K M Soni
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

2. Environmental Quality
• Environmental Quality
– Outdoor environmental quality
– Indoor environmental quality
• Good Environmental quality
• Bad Environmental quality

3. Good Environmental Quality
• Improves Health and wellbeing
• Improves occupational Safety
• Reduces stress and Leads to Happiness
• Improves Liveability and life expectancy
• Improves efficiency and performance at work
place
IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE

4. Bad Environmental Quality

6. Outdoor Air Quality
• Topography (terrain), such as mountains and
valleys;
• Weather, such as wind, temperature, air
turbulence, air pressure, rainfall and cloud
cover; and
• Physical and chemical properties of
pollutants.

7. Pollutants
• Carbon monoxide.
• Lead.
• Nitrogen dioxide.
• Ozone.
• Particles.
• Sulphur dioxide.
• Mercury
AND THEN MOST OF SUCH POLLUTANTS COME
FROM COAL/SMOKE/THERMAL POWER PLANTS

9. • Contributors to Air pollution;
– Smoke, and Dust
• So, we have to curtail or stop burning of
coal, gas and thus emission of carbon

13. The Indian Express; April 23, 2016
• India signs historic Paris climate agreement along with
over 170 nations
• The nations are now closer to begin cutting down
greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming
• The deal set a high aspirational goal to limit warming below
20C and strive to keep temperatures at 1.5 degree C above
pre-industrial levels – a far more ambitious target than
expected, and a key demand of vulnerable countries.
• It incorporates commitments from 187 countries to reduce
emissions, which on their own would only hold warming to
between 2.70C and 30C.
• The deal sets the goal of a carbon-neutral world sometime
after 2050 but before 2100.

14. Indoor air quality
• A function of external air quality, External
temperature and Atmospheric conditions
• To make internal conditions comfortable, one
needs energy.
• So we need green & clean energy and
conserve energy through energy efficient
measures

15. Reduction of carbon footprint
• Government, Public and
manufacturers/industries are to come together
in this endeavour.
• Government
– Reduction of dependence on coal based energy
– Adoption of clean energy/energy based on non
conventional energy sources
– Manufacturing and encourage use of energy efficient
lightings, controls and equipment
– Going for green construction

16. Reduction of carbon footprint
• Public
• Reduction of dependence on coal based
energy by installing individual systems
• Use of energy efficient lightings, controls
and equipment
• Going for green construction

17. Reduction of carbon footprint
• Manufacturers/industry
• Reduction of dependence on coal based
energy by installing individual systems
based on renewable resources
• Production of most energy efficient
lightings, controls and equipments
• Production of safe, economic and durable
energy efficient lighting, controls, building
materials and equipments

18. • SO WE HAVE TO FOLLOW THE STRATEGY OF;
– CONSERVE ENERGY
– LOOK FOR ATERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY
– USE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT FITTINGS AND
EQUIPMENTS
– ENSURE SAFETY
– MAKE THE STANDARDS
– DEVELOP TESTING FACILITIES

19. Conserve Energy
• Energy efficient lighting such as LED lights
• Energy efficient equipment
• Energy efficient domestic and industrial
products
• Energy efficient building materials
• Reduce waste

20. Stop Indoor Air Pollutants
• carbon monoxide (CO)
• Radon
• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
• Smoke
• Second hand smoke
• lead particles
• asbestos
• Mold/fungi

21. Government initiatives
• Production of solar energy and wind energy. By
2022, India is targeting to double the production
of wind energy and 15 fold increase in solar
energy production over April 2016 base. Target
is to produce 100 GW from solar power, 60 GW
from wind power, 10 GW from bio power and 5
GW from small hydro power.
• Government has already started to take action
on the same. The government intends to
achieve 40% cumulative electric power capacity
from non fossil fuel sources by 2030.

22. Installed Grid Interactive Renewable Power Capacity in India as of
July 31, 2016
Source
Total Installed
Capacity (MW)
2022 target (MW)
Wind Power 27,441.15 60,000.00
Solar Power 8,062.00 100,000.00
Biomass Power
(Biomass &
Gasification and
Bagasse
Cogeneration)
4,860.83
*10,000.00
Waste-to-Power 115.08
Small Hydro Power 4,304.27 5,000.00
Total 44,783.33 175,000.00

23. CPWD Initiatives
• CPWD all over the country has started
installation of solar power plants on rooftop
of all existing government buildings
• In Mumbai, rooftop solar power plants in 3
old buildings have been installed generating
about 140kWp solar power.

25. LED lighting
• A green and sustainable alternative
• First patent was made by Texas Instruments
in 1961
• In 1962, GE found first LED use in HP
calculator displays
• In 2009, LEDs were parts of TVs, cars, phones
and computers

26. Initial Applications
• Traffic lights
• Exit signs
• Automotive lights
• Portable appliances
• Cell phones
• Signage
• Displays
• Video screens
But now LEDs are everywhere

27. Benefits of LED lights
• Long life (more than 40000 hrs)
• Highly efficient (40+ lumen/watt) and Low
power consumption
• Low maintenance
• No UV emission
• No radiated heat from light
• Unaffected by cold temperature/vibrations
• Fast response
• Environmental friendly

28. Life Span
(Average)
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
> 40,000
hours
@1,200
hours
@8,000 hours
Awareness generation required

29. Watts of electricity used
(equivalent to 60 watt
bulb).
LEDs use less power
(watts) per unit of light
generated
(lumens). LEDs help
reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from power
plants and lower electric
bills
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
6 - 8
watts
60 watts 13-15 watts
Mostly bulbs are not being used now and as such
incandescent Bulbs are the products of past now

30. Kilo-watts of
Electricity used
(30 Incandescent
Bulbs per year
equivalent)
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
329 KWh/yr. 3285 KWh/yr.
767
KWh/yr.
Awareness required

31. Output LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents (CFLs)
Lumens Watts Watts Watts
450 4-5 40 9-13
800 6-8 60 13-15
1,100 9-13 75 18-25
1,600 16-20 100 23-30
2,600 25-28 150 30-55
Then let us look beyond lumen, i.e. comfort

32. Contains the
TOXIC
Mercury
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
No No
Yes - Mercury is
very toxic to
your health and
the
environment

33. Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
(30 bulbs per year)
Lower energy
consumption
decreases: CO2
emissions, sulphur
oxide, and high-level
nuclear waste.
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
451
pounds/year
4500
pounds/year
1051
pounds/year

34. Cost savings
• Energy cost (Lamp costs)
• Power consumption (Lifetime cost)
– Thermal
– Ambient temperature
– Humidity
– Ventilation
– Control techniques
– Electrical derive
• Labour output
• Payback period

35. Sensitivity to
low
temperatures
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
None Some
Yes - may not
work under
negative 10
degrees
Fahrenheit or
over 120 degrees
Fahrenheit

36. Sensitive to
humidity
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
No Some Yes

37. On/off Cycling
Switching a CFL
on/off quickly,
in a closet for
instance, may
decrease the
lifespan of the
bulb.
LEDs
Incandesce
nt Light
Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
No Effect Some
Yes - can
reduce lifespan
drastically

38. Turns on
instantly
LEDs
Incandesce
nt Light
Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
Yes Yes
No - takes time
to warm up

39. Durability
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
Very Durable -
LEDs can
handle jarring
and bumping
Not Very
Durable -
glass or
filament can
break easily
Not Very
Durable - glass
can break
easily
Then look for quality particularly Driver in Indian conditions

40. Heat
Emitted
LEDs
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
3.4 btu's/hour 85 btu's/hour 30 btu's/hour

41. Government initiatives
• New construction as Green Buildings
• Existing buildings by replacing light fittings
with energy efficient fittings
• Providing subsidy to individual private users

42. CPWD Initiatives
• Has adopted criterion to construct minimum
3 star GRIHA rated buildings
• CPWD has issued specifications in 2015 for
LED lightings
• Has gone for replacement of existing fittings
with energy efficient fittings either through
CAPEX mode or ESCO mode.

43. Important criteria to adopt LED
lightings
• Design the lighting system for comfortable and
adequate illumination, glare, control, safety,
efficiency, uniformity, durability, automatic control
and versatility for comfort and output
• Testing the lighting system
• Ensure safety of lighting system
• Aesthetic design
• Ensure quality of lighting assembly
• Come out with economic LED lightings
• Formulation of standards in the country timely with
revisions frequently considering technological
advances

44. Thank you
(References taken in the presentation from greenglobepower.in/led_lighting)