Sample presentation

1. Presented By :
Dipanwita Maity,
3 rd Year, B.Sc. Nursing ,
Subject – Child Health Nursing,
Shova Rani Nursing College.

2. INTRODUCTION

3. DEFINITION OF DROWNING
 Drowning means submersion in the water associating
with suffocations , asphyxia that leads to death within
24 hours .
 Drowning is a process of experiencing respiratory
impairment from submersion or immersion in
liquid medium.
- World Health Organization
(2002)

4. AND
PREVALENCE

5. ETIOLOGY
Primary Event:
Accidental
submersion
Secondary
Event:
With complications

6. TYPES OF DROWNING
(1) Dry drowning
(2)Wet drowning
(3)Secondary drowning / Near drowning
(a) Non- fatal case
(b) Fatal case
(4)Active drowning
(5)Passive drowning
(6)Silent drowning

7. DRY DROWNING
 Victim inhales water ,
that does not enter
into lungs.
 Muscle spasm, airway
blocking occur.
 Victim tries to take
forced inspiration
against glottis.
 Death occurs by
laryngeal spasm

8. WET DROWNING
 Inhaled water
enters into lungs
, interfering with
respirstion
 Circulatory
system gets
collapsed.

9. SECONDARY DROWNING /
NEAR DROWNING
(a) Non- fatal case :
It does not lead to death.
(b) Fatal case: Physiological response
occurs if foreign body is present in
lungs that causes extrusion of inhaled
water leading hypoxia.

10. FATAL CASE ( SECONDARY DROWNING)

11. ACTIVE DROWNING
Non-swimmers ,
exhausted and
hypothermic
people are unable
to hold their
mouth above
water and
suffocate.

12. PASSIVE DROWNING
 Infant , toddler
starts to sink due
to change in
circumstances.

13. SILENT DROWNING
 There is no
noticable external
display of distress
on face and body .
 Similar to near-
drowning fatal
case.

14. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 Due to etiological factors – infants/ toddler/
child is totally submerged under water.
 Involuntary gasping( aspiration of water into
hypopharynx)
 Laryngospasm( victim can”t take breath and
unable to speak)

15. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (CONTD)
 Dry drowning
 Wet drowning

 Cerebral hypoxia
 Acidosis
 Cardiac arrest

16. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY(CONTD.)

 Brain injury
 Ischemia
 Brain death

17. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Cold / bluish discoloration
 Abdominal swelling
 Chest pain
 Cough
 Apnea
 Gasping
 Vomiting
 Fear on face , feelings of extremely tired.

18. EFFECTS OF DROWNING ON
ORGANS
 Cardiovascular system : Myocardial failure,
Cardiac arrest, Ventricular arrythmia .
 Respiratory system : Pulmonary edema,
ARDS.
 Central nervous system : Cerebral edema,
seizure
 Gastrointestinal system: Gastric dialation,
GI mucosa necrosis, Diarrhoea

19. EFFECTS(CONTD.)
 Hematological system: Disseminated
intravascular coagulopathy, Thrombosis
 Metabolic system: Acidosis, SIADH
 Renal system: Renal failure,
Hemoglobinuria
 Others: Fluid-electrolyte imbalance
 (a) Sea (salt) water drowning
 (b) Fresh water drowning

20. PREVENTION
 (a) Water safety
 (b) Surveillance

21. MANAGEMENT
 Rescue
 First – aids
 (a) Basic life support
 Airway
 Breathing
 Compression-ventilation ratio
 Foreign body obstruction

22. FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
Back blow , Chest
thrust
Heimlich manuever

23. (b) CPR

24. OTHER MANAGEMENT
 (C) Preventing aspiration
 (d) Preventing hypothermia
 (e) Rewarming
 (f) Shock managemnt : Boluses of normal
saline at 20 ml/kg, Inotropes
 (g) Fluid and electrolyte imbalance correct