Kadalasan ay kinakabit ang kulturang Pranses sa Paris, na sentro ng moda, pagluluto, sining at arkitektura, subalit ang buhay sa labas ng Lungsod ng mga Ilaw ay ibang-iba at nagkakaiba sa bawat rehiyon. Magugunita na ang kultura ng France ay naimpluwensiyahan ng Celtic at Gallo-Roman Culture, gayundin ang Franks, isang tribong German. Ang France ay una nang tinawag na Rhineland subalit noong panahon ng Iron Age at Roman era ay tinawag na Gaul.

1. CHAPTER 1
HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING
OF PEACE AND VIOLENCE
PREPARED BY: GERALDINE GILBUENA

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Discuss the basic concepts of peace, conflict , violence and development
• Differentiate the secular from Alternative views/ concepts of peace and
violence
• Identify the significance of peace and implications of violence in the
personal, social, global and environmental level
• Assess personal viewpoints and values in line with peace, conflict and
violence

3. LESSON 1: Definition of PEACE
1. Define Peace in one’s own perspective
2. Differentiate Negative Peace and Positive Peace through Relate concepts of
negative peace and positive peace with actual experience.

4. “Peace means dignity, well- being for all, not just
absence of war”-UN officials

5. Most common understanding “societal friendship and harmony in the
absence of hostility and war”- (Union of International Associations, 2017)
SOCIAL SENSE
1. Lack of conflict/ freedom from fear
2. Leaders of the world enters multilateral
agreement, bilateral (ASEAN, NATO,
G45).
̶ to reduce conflict,
̶ promote economic interaction
̶ ensure behavioural restraints
PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSE
̶ Peaceful behaviour results from peaceful
inner disposition
̶ peace of mind
̶ Peaceful person spreads peace in the
society
̶ ensure behavioural peace

6. A.1. Secular Views/ Perspectives on Peace and Violence
• Peace was defined as merely the absence of war or direct violence- Hugo Grotius.
• Peace was that of absence of death and destruction as a result of war and
physical/ direct violence (Thee, 1982)
• Peace as more or less lasting suspension of violent modes of rivalries between
political units (Barsh, 1999)

7. A.2. The Shift in the Concept of Peace
• In 1960s there’s a shift of attention of violence. From direct to
indirect violence or “structural violence”
STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE
̶ Not readily observed , not obviously seen
̶ Effect is still the same, as it causes sufferings and even death to a
great population of people.
Ex. Extreme poverty, starvation, poor health services and
discrimination against minority
That’s why peace theorist and advocates are emphasizing the importance of economic stability, social and
cultural respect and environmental justice

8. “STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE OCCURS
WHEN THE WEALTH OF NATION IS
BASED ON LABOR AND THE PEOPLE
ARE REQUIRED TO LIVE DIMINISHED
LIVES OF DEPRIVATION”- Johan Galtung

9. A.3. Towards the holistic concept of Peace
and Violence
• Peace means eradication of all facets of injustice ,(cheng and Kurtz)
- Means that uneven distribution of wealth and resources as well as
discrimination on the power to decide must be eliminated.
• Peace with Nature ( environment )
̶ Considered foundation of positive peace
̶ We are nothing without it
̶ Sadly nature is impaired resulting to many forms of conflict.

10. How are environmental destruction and violence is
related to each other?
• Human behaviour is related to availability of basic resources,
therefore shortage of resources threatens lifestyles, rivalry for
resources – Barnaby 1989

11. NEGATIVE PEACE POSITIVE PEACE
Absence of Violence and presence of
social justice
Presence of conditions of well being, just
relationship, economical, ecological and
politica;

12. 8 Pillars of Peace
WELL FUNCTIONING GOVERNMENT
SOUND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
ACCEPTANCE OF THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS
GOOD RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORS
FREE FLOW OF INFORMATION
HIGH LEVEL OF HUMAN CAPITAL
LOW LEVELS OF CORRUPTION

13. LEVELS OF PEACE
A. Personal peace
̶ A state of calm, serenity and tranquillity of mind that arise due to having
no sufferings or mental disturbances such as worry, anxiety, greed and
desire
B. Domestic Peace
̶ Peace that comes from mutual respect among family members. A mutual
assistance among members of the family and household.
C. Interpersonal Peace
̶ Involves acceptance of differences and diversity among people, resolving
disagreements and conflicts non-violently with dialogue and discussion.

14. D. Local Peace
Love and respect among neighbors or residents of the local community
E. Social/ National Peace
Respect, trust , love and understandinff of people of different social groups
F. International Peace
Respect for the culture and wy of life of other races/ nations
G. Environmental Peace
Examines and advocates environmental protection and cooperation as a factor
in creating more peaceful relations, respect for the environment and
sustainable development

15. • Create a stacked venn diagram of the levels of peace
• Differentiate Negative Peace and Positive Peace with actual
experience.