This document provides an overview of common medicinal plants and their extraction methods. It discusses several plants including aloe vera, neem, tulsi, amla, garlic, ginger, hartaki, and hibiscus rosa sinensis. For each plant, it describes nutritional values, medicinal uses, and some drugs or products derived from the plant. It also explains various extraction methods such as infusion, maceration, decoction, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction that can be used to isolate active compounds from plants.

1. Common Medicinal
Plants & Their
Extraction
Presented By: Al Amin Dhrubo (031181024)
Arup Sen (031181049)
Fatema Tuz Zohra (031181063)
Sanjida Halim (031181066)
Fatema Shikder (031181062)
B.Pharm, 1st Sem
UODA

2. MEDICINAL PLANTS
A plants that has similar properties as conventional pharmacutical drugs.
SOME COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS
Aloe vera Neem
Tulsi Amla
Garlic
Ginger
Hartaki
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis
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3. ALOE VERA
Scientific Name: Aloe Barbadensis Miller
LOCAL NAME: Ghritkumari
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4. NUTRITIONAL VALUES
 VITAMINS:
A,C,E,B1,B2,B3,B6,B12
 MINERALS:
Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Zinc Oxide, Chromium, Selenium, Sodium, Iron,
Potassium, Copper, Manganese
 AMINO ACIDS
MEDICINAL USES
 Soothes Rashes and Skin Irritations
 Heals Cold Sores
 Treats Burns
 Provides Antioxidants and Reduces Inflammation
 Boosts the Immune System
 Treats Constipation
 Treats Diabetes
 Moisturizes Hair and Scalp
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5. SOME ALOE D RUGS & ALOE
PRODUCTS
Aloe syrup Aloe Tablet
Aloe Gel
Aloe Soap Aloe Shampoo
Aloe Oil
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6. NEEMAzadirachta Indica
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7. PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
 Vitamin A
 Protein, calcium, iron
 K,Ca,Mg,Na,P,N
MEDICINAL USES OF NEEM
All parts of the Neem tree – Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, Root and Barks have
been used for the treatment of many diseases.)
 As an Antiseptic
 Antibacterial potential
 Inhibits fungal infection
 Improves Gastric health
 Provides Constipation, Bloating and Cramping
 Control Diabetes
 Treats Malaria
 Prevent Chronic Diseases
 Lower risk of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases.
 Helps to prevent Sexual transmitted disease
 Skin & Hair treatment
 Dental cure
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8. NEEM BASED DRUGS & USABLE PRODUCTS
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9. Tulsi
(Holy Basil)
Ocimum Tenoflorum
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10. PHYTOCHEMICAL COSTITUATION
 Vitamin: A , C
 Minerals: calcium, zinc and iron
 Carbohydrate
 Protein
 Fat
MEDICINAL USES
 Cures Fever & Common Cold
 Treating Asthma
 Prevents Heart Diseases
 Cure Respiratory Disorder
 Controls Diabetes
 Stress Relief
 Cancer Prevention
 Dental, Skin & Eye Care
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11. SOME MEDICINAL& USABLE
PRODUCTS FROM TULSI
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12. AMLA
Scientific Name: Emblica officinalis
Local Name: Amla, Amloki, Indian Gooseberry
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13. PHYTOCHEMICAL COSTITUATION
 VITAMINS:
A, C, D,E, K, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic Acid,
Choline, Betaine
 MINERALS:
Calcium,Iron,Magnesium,Phosphorus,Potassium,Sodium,Zinc,Copper,Mangane
s, fluoride
MEDICINAL USES OF AMLA
o Excellent Source Of vitamin C
o Cures a Sore Throat
o Fight against Heart Diseases
o Reduces Blood Suger
o Prevents constipation
o Reduces the Risk of Cancer
o Increasing Diuretic Activity
o Prevents formation of Gall Blooder Stone
o Hair and Skin Treatment
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14. SOME AMLA BASED PRODUCTS
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15. GARLIC
Allium Sativum
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16. PHYTOCHEMICAL COSTITUATION
 VITAMINS: A,B1,B2,C;
 MINERALS: Calcium; Copper; Germanium, Iron,
Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorous,
Phytoncides, Potassium, Selenium, Sulfur,
Unsaturated aldehydes; zinc
 Allicin, Alliin
 protein; volatile oil
MEDICINAL BENIFITES
 Heart Protection
 Control Diabetes
 Reduces Blood Pressure
 Modify Cancer risk
 Treats Cold And Infections
 Contains Antioxidents
 Reverse Hair loss & Protect Skin
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17. SOME DRUGS PREPARED FROM
GARLIC
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18. GINGER
Zingiber officinale
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19. PHYTOCHEMICAL COSTITUATION
VITAMINS:
Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic acid (B5)
Vitamin B6,Folate (B9) ,Vitamin C
MINERALS:
Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc
MEDICINAL BENIFITES
o Help Relieves Nausea
o Protects against Stomach Ulcers
o Fight against Fungal Infection
o Inhibits Cancer Growth
o Regulates blood sugars
o Lowers cholesterol levels
o Relieves Joint and Muscle Pain
o Improves Brain Function
o Block Bacterial infections
o Promotes proper Digestion
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20. GINGER BASED DRUGS
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21. HARTAKI
Scientific Name: Terminalia Chebula
Local Name: Harad, Kadukkai, Karakkaya
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22. PHYTOCHEMICAL COSTITUATION
 VITAMIN:
 A, C
 Protein, Amino Acids and Mineralsellagic Acid, 2,4-chebulyl-β-D-
glucopyranose, Chebulinic acid, Gallic acid, ethyl gallate,
punicalagin, terflavin A, terchebin, luteolin, and tannic acid
MEDICINAL USES
 Improved Digestion and Better Gastrointestinal Health
 Decreases Stomach Acidity and Guards against Ulcers
 Natural Weight Loss and Detoxification
 Antioxidant and Antibacterial Protection
 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
 Mouth Ulcers and Lung Disorders
 Better Skin and Hair
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23. SOME DRUGS MADE FROM HARTAKI
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24. HIBICUS ROSA SINENSIS
Zoba (Flower)
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25. PHYTOCHEMICAL COSTITUATION
 Leaves and stems contain β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, taraxeryl acetate and
three cyclopropane compounds and their derivatives.
 Flowers contain cyanidin diglucoside, flavonoids and vitamins, thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid
MEDICINAL USES
 Treating tuberculosis and lung disease
 Treating the disease cough
 Treating the tonsils to swell
 Can stop bleeding
 Treating hair loss
 Nourish hair
 Treating ulcers
 Hibiscus Tea Can Cure Cancer
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26. DRUGS FROM HIBISCUS ROSA
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27. EXTRACTION
METHODS OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS
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28. What is extraction?
 Extraction is the method of removing active constituents from a solid or
liquid by means of liquid solvent.
 Separation of medicinally active portions of plant or animal tissues from
the inactive or inert components by using selective solvents in standard
extraction procedures.
 By treatment with a solvent on the basis of the physical nature of crude
drug to be extracted, liquid or solid, the extraction process may be
liquid-liquid
or
solid—liquid
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29. CHOICE OF SOLVENT
The choice of solvent depends on charectaristics of the secondery
metabolates like Polarity, pH, Thermal stability
The solvent should- Non-Toxic, Inflammable, Easy to remove.
GENERALLY USED SOLVEMT
• Water
• Aliphatic alcohols with upto three Carbon atoms
• Ether
• Chloroform
• Glycerine
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30. EXTRACTION PROCESS
Various process involved for extraction-
Infusion
Decoction
Digestion
Maceration
Percolation
Soxhlet extraction or
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31. EXTRACTION PROCESS
INFUSION
 It consists of pouring water over the drugs and then
allowing it to keep in contact with water for the stated
period, usually 15 minutes, with occasional stirring
and finally filtering off the liquid.
 The boiling water is commonly used as a solvent, since it
has a greater solvent action than cold water.
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32. TYPES OF INFUSION
 TWO TYPES OF INFUSION
FRESH INFUSION
CONCENTRATED INFUSION
 FRESH INFUSION:
Aqueous liquid used as a menstruum.
It is prepared by…
Coarse drug + Hot water then filtrate after some time.
As per pharmacopoeia it is used within 12 Hrs after
formulation.
e.g. fresh infusion of Orange.
 CONCENTRATED INFUSION:
It is eight times stronger than fresh infusion.
In that 20 to 25 % alcohol conc. used as a menstruum.
It is prepared by double or triple maceration process.
It can be stored for a longer time of period.
e.g. Concentrated infusion of Quassia
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33. EXTRACTION PROCESS
MACERATION
 Maceration is the extraction process of crude drug from crushed or
pressed plant and animal materials, which is soaked in a suitable solvent
stirring at room temperature.
 TYPES OF MACERATION
 SIMPLE MACERATION
 MACERATION WITH ADJUSTMENT
 MULTIPLE MACERATIONON
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34. EXTRACTION PROCESS
MACERATION
 Maceration is the extraction process of crude drug from crushed or
pressed plant and animal materials, which is soaked in a suitable solvent
stirring at room temperature.
 TYPES OF MACERATION
 SIMPLE MACERATION
 MACERATION WITH ADJUSTMENT
 MULTIPLE MACERATIONON
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35. EXTRACTION PROCESS
MACERATION
 Maceration is the extraction process of crude drug from crushed or
pressed plant and animal materials, which is soaked in a suitable solvent
stirring at room temperature.
 TYPES OF MACERATION
 SIMPLE MACERATION
 MACERATION WITH ADJUSTMENT
 MULTIPLE MACERATIONON

36. SIMPLE MACERATION
(For organized drugs- Roots, Stems, Leaves etc.)
Alcohol is used as a menstruum.
In this process, the drug is placed with the menstruum in a closed
vessel for seven days.
At this period shaking is done occasionally.
After seven days, the liquid is strained & marc is pressed.
The expressed liquid is mixed with strained liquid.
Then again filter for obtaining the clear liquid.
The final volume is not adjusted.
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37. MACERATION WITH ADJUSTMENT
(For Unorganized drugs- Gum, Resins, Gum-resins, Oleo gum-resins.)
In this process, the unorganized drug is placed with 4/5th
volume of menstruum in a closed vessel for seven days.
At this period shaking is done occasionally.
After the stated period, the liquid is filtered & not necessary to
press the marc.
After that, the final volume is adjusted with the remaining
quantity of 1/5th volume of menstruum through the filter.
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38. DOUBLE MACERATION PROCES
It is carried out in the same way as simple maceration process, but menstruum
used in divided into two parts.
In that process drug is macerated twice by using the
menstruum which is divided into two parts in a such manner
that the same volume is used for each maceration.
The volume of menstruum required is calculated as follows
i. Volume of menstruum req. for first maceration:
Total Vol. of menstruum - Vol.to be retained by the drug + Vol.to be retained
by the drug
ii. Volume of menstruum req. for second maceration:
Total vol.of menstrum – Vol. of menstruum
In that process the whole drug is macerated for 48 hrs with
quty. of menstruum for first maceration.
Strain the liquid & press the marc after 48 hrs.
Then again macerated for 24 hrs with remaining quty. of
menstruum for second maceration.
Strain the liquid & press the marc after 24 hrs.
Then mix the liquids obtained from the two maceration &
allows it to stand for 14 days & then filter.
e.g. Concentrated infusion of orange
Concentrated compound infusion of chirata
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39. DOUBLE MACERATION PROCES

40. EXTRACTION PROCESS
DECOCTION
In this process, the drug is boiled with water for a stated
period usually 10 minutes. And the starting ratio of crude drug to water is
1:4.
After boiling, the liquid is strained and water is passed
through the content of the strainer to make the required
volume.
This process is mainly used for vegetable drugs of hard and
woody nature having thermostable water soluble
Constituents.
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41. Extraction process
PERCOLATION
This is the procedure used most frequently to extract active
ingredients in the preparation of tinctures and fluid extracts.
A percolator (a narrow, cone-shaped vessel open at both ends) is generally
used.
STEPS IN PERCOLATION :
SIZE REDUCTION: The drug to be extracted is subjected to suitable degree
of size reduction, usually from coarse powder to fine powder.
IMBIBITION: During imbibition the powdered drug is moistened with a
suitable amount of menstruum and allowed to stand for four hours in a well
closed container.
PACKING: After imbibition the moistened drug is evenly packed into the
percolator.
MACERATION: After packing sufficient menstruum is added to saturate
the material. The percolator is allowed to stand for 24 hours to macerate
the drug.
PERCOLATION: The lower tap is opened and liquid collected therein is
allowed to drip slowly at a controlled rate until 3/4th volume of the
finished product is obtained
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42. PERCOLATION PROCESS
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43. EXTRACTION PROCESS
SOXHLET EXTRACTION
A Soxhlet extractor is lab equipment designed
for processing certain kinds of solids.
This process apply when, the drug are not freely soluble in
the solvent.
 The powdered plant material is packed in a thimble.
 The solvent is boiled in a flask. The evaporated solvent
passes through the side tube of the extractor and
condensed in the condenser, fitted at the top of the
extractor.
 The condensed hot solvent runs into the thimble and soaks
the material & extracts the constituents.
 When the chamber holding the thimble becomes full the
solvent siphons down to the flask and the process is
continuously repeated till extraction is complete.
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44. CONCLUSION
 Medicinal plants can be a a good alternative for many diseases and
conditions.
 Extraction is essential for isolation of different chemical constituent from
crude drug material.
 Extraction depends on properties of material to be extracted. Hence it is
necessary to study extraction methods in detail.
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45. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
Our honorable Course teacher Prof. MUJIB KHAN for gave us the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic, which also helped us
in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things.
We are really thankful to them. This assignment cannot be completed
without the effort and co-operation from our group members MD. Al Amin
Dhrubo, Arup Sen, Fatema Shikder, Sanjida Halim and Fatema Tuz
Zohra.
Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to our friends and
respondents for the support and willingness to spend some times with us to
fill in the questionnaires.
THANK YOU
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46. THE END