In this PPT you will know about the basic information about GENES and DNA. If you want to discover more then please read - "Molecular Biology of the Gene" by Dr. James Watson.
For joining my WhatsApp Group related to the preparation of GPAT/CSIR UGC NET/GATE/Ph.D. Entrances, contact me - 8650679348
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
A long molecule that looks like a twisted ladder made up of four types of simple units and the sequence of these units carries genetic information.
Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
A long molecule that looks like a twisted ladder made up of four types of simple units and the sequence of these units carries genetic information.
Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms
A short Introduction to DNA and the structure of DNA. It also explains base pairing and Chargaff's rule. It informs you of who built the first model of DNA using wire and tin to show a description of how DNA looks like.
This power point presentation explains double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Attempts have also been made to high light the valuable contributions made by Rosalind Franklin and Wilkins. Brief details of different types of DNA have also been included.
DNA
history
structure
X-Ray diffraction image of DNA
base pairing principle
base pairs
bonding patterns of DNA
base stacking different conformations of DNA
different forms of DNA
function of DNA
replication
encoding information
mutation/recombination
gene expression
Application of DNA
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms
A short Introduction to DNA and the structure of DNA. It also explains base pairing and Chargaff's rule. It informs you of who built the first model of DNA using wire and tin to show a description of how DNA looks like.
This power point presentation explains double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Attempts have also been made to high light the valuable contributions made by Rosalind Franklin and Wilkins. Brief details of different types of DNA have also been included.
DNA
history
structure
X-Ray diffraction image of DNA
base pairing principle
base pairs
bonding patterns of DNA
base stacking different conformations of DNA
different forms of DNA
function of DNA
replication
encoding information
mutation/recombination
gene expression
Application of DNA
i am HAFIZ M WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc in science college Multan Pakistan
MSC university of education Lahore Pakistan
I love Pakistan and my teachers
i am HAFIZ M WASEEM from mailsi vehari
bsc in science college multan pakistan
msc univesity of education lahore pakistan
i love pakistan and my teachers
Cytogenetics_ Chromosmes_Dr Jagadisha T V_PPT.pptxJagadishaTV
●To study the structure of chromosomes.
● To understand the concepts of linkage and crossing over.
● To understand structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations.
Nuclei acid is a naturally occurring chemical compound containing phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases (purines and pyrimidines).
The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
DNA is the master blueprint for life and constitutes the genetic material in all free-living organisms and most viruses. DNA is the chemical basis of heredity and may be regarded as the reserve bank of genetic formation. DNA is exclusively responsible for maintaining the identity of different species of organisms over millions of years.
RNA is the genetic material of certain viruses, but it is also found in all living cells. The genes control protein synthesis through the mediation of RNA.
Personal notes:
- Section 1 : Cell
-- What is a Cell?
-- What is DNA?
-- What is mitochondrial DNA?
-- What is a gene?
-- What is a chromosome?
-- How many chromosomes do people have?
- Section 2 : Proteins
-- What are proteins and what do they do?
-- How do genes direct the production of proteins?
-- Can genes be turned on and off in cells?
-- What is epigenome?
-- How do cells divide?
-- How do genes control the growth and division of cells?
-- How do genetics indicate the location of a gene?
- Section 3: Genetic Mapping
-- What is genetic mapping?
-- How do researchers create a genetic map?
-- What are genetic markers?
This presentation gives basic information on genomics and explains terms like genomes and DNA Sequencing, that helps understand the basic concepts of Genomics.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. About me
• DEEPAK SANTOSH KUMAR
• B Pharm (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP)
• M Pharm (IIT-BHU, Varanasi, UP)
• Qualified GPAT 2017, 2018, 2019
• Qualified CUCET 2018
• Qualified NIPER JEE (523 AIR)
• Offered job as “Pharmacovigilance Associate” at APCER LIFE SCIENCES,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat during M Pharm
3. GENES?
It is the sequence of DNA nucleotides that contain the information for the production of an ordered amino
acid sequence for a single polypeptide chain.
There are present along the length of the chromosomes
Each gene contains information in code that allows the cell to make (almost always) a specific protein, the so-
called gene product.
Each gene codes for one specific protein or 1 Gene = 1 Protein
Number of genes in the human genome is approximately between 25000 and 30000
Genes normally exist in pairs, because the gene on one chromosome is matched at the equivalent site (locus)
on the other chromosome of the pair
4. DNA?
Genes are composed mainly of very long strands of DNA
The total length of DNA in each cell is about a metre
DNA is a double-stranded molecule, made up of two chains of nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of three subunits like
• a sugar
• a phosphate group
• a base (bases are linked to the sugars)
Nucleosides contain a sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing base
In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose
Each base binds to another base on the other sugar/phosphate chain
The two chains are twisted around one another, giving a double helix arrangement
The double helix itself is further twisted and wrapped in a highly organised way around structural proteins called
histones, which are important in maintaining the heavily coiled three-dimensional shape of the DNA.
5. How a nucleotide is formed from nucleoside?
• The physiologically important bases, purines and pyrimidines, have
ring structures
• These structures are bound to ribose or 2-deoxyribose to complete
the “Nucleoside”
• When inorganic phosphate is added to the nucleoside, a nucleotide
is formed
• Nucleosides and nucleotides form the backbone for RNA and DNA,
as well as a variety of coenzymes and regulatory molecules of
physiologic importance (e.g., NAD+, NADP+, and ATP)
• The purines and pyrimidines released by the breakdown of
nucleotides may be reused or catabolized. Minor amounts are
excreted unchanged in the urine.
6. DNA
DNA + Histone proteins = Chromatin
DNA carries a huge amount of information that determines all
biological activities of an organism, and which is transmitted from
one generation to the next
The key to how this information is kept is found in the bases
within DNA i.e. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Bases are arranged in a precise order along the DNA molecule,
making a base code that can be read when protein
synthesis is required
Each base along one strand of DNA pairs with a base on the other
strand in a precise and predictable way. This is known as
complementary base pairing
Adenine always pairs with thymine (and vice versa), and cytosine
and guanine always go together
7. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA?
Each body cell has, on average, 5000 mitochondria
Mitochondria hold a quantity of DNA (mitochondrial DNA), which codes, for example, for enzymes important in
energy production
This DNA (mtDNA) is passed from one generation to another via the ovum, so the offspring’s complement of
mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother.
Certain rare inherited disorders that arise from faulty mitochondrial DNA are therefore passed through
generations via the maternal line.
