Jordi Martí-Henneberg, Luís Espinha da Silveira, Daniel Alves & Josep Puig,Towards a geographical, historical and socio-demographic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula (1850-2010)
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The researchers developed a historical geographic information system (HGIS) and database to analyze socio-demographic and economic data across administrative boundaries in the Iberian Peninsula from 1850-2000. They standardized data following European directives, overlaid maps in a common projection, and built a webGIS interface to make the historical data publicly available and analyze spatial patterns over time across Portugal and Spain. The goal was to create a new tool to study the region regardless of modern borders.
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Jordi Martí-Henneberg, Luís Espinha da Silveira, Daniel Alves & Josep Puig,Towards a geographical, historical and socio-demographic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula (1850-2010)
- 1. Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference Jordi Martí-Henneberg, Luís Espinha da Silveira, Daniel Alves & Josep Puig Towards a geographical, historical and socio- demographic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula (1850-2010)
- 2. Introduction • Built an Iberian HGIS: – New tool for analysis – Collecting data about administrative division, infrastructures, economic indicators, population, and so on, when official censures are available (1850- 2000) • Iberian Peninsula (IP): – Well-delimited geography – Testing methodological solutions applicable to other areas in Europe – Analyzing phenomena regardless of national borders – Identifying patterns of spatial distribution and historical evolution in which interaction with geographic realities plays an important role • Challenges: – European Standards for spatial information – Project beyond national boundaries – Data (historical data, different sources…) – Dissimilar administrative procedures and cartography Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 1 / 6
- 3. Methodology - Using the INSPIRE directive and metadata policy • Following European Directives for compatibility and sharing data • Convert old metadata to new metadata • New data already following INSPIRE Implementing Rules Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 2 / 6 Old Metadata The INSPIRE Implementing Rules on Metadata Program CatMDEdit MIG Editor Metadata compliant INSPIRE Metadata Management Portugal Spain Iberian Peninsula XML
- 4. Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 3 / 6 Methodology - Cartography • Problems: – Different Data Origin – Different Coordinate System – Different Administrative Units • Solutions: – Overlay data (clean slivers and gaps) – European Terrestrial Reference System (1989) – Iberian Projection – Higher proportional relationship between administrative units
- 5. Districts (pt) & CCAA (es) Municipalities (pt & es) Districts (pt) & Provinces (es) Parishes (pt) & Municipalities (es)
- 6. Methodology - Database • Problem: GIS software shows some limitations in handling time or historical information – Data for one location varies over time – Locations or geographic representations may also change – Difficulty in processing unreferenced data, or whose location is vague • Solution: construction of a database (PostgreSQL) outside the GIS software – Flexible in handling new data – Register hierarchical relationships between spatial elements – Register changes occurred on the spatial elements, and on the corresponding associated data Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 4 / 6
- 7. Methodology - WebGIS • Objective: – A website where all information can be made available in distinct geographic scales and administrative divisions through time – Integration of GIS data with the database • Solution: – Open source software: Linux and Apache (web server technologies); CartoWeb: (webGIS interface) & UMN MapServer (conversion of shapefiles) – Secure about data and flexible about visualization Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 5 / 6
- 8. Methodology - WebGIS Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 5 / 6 Web end user Information Access Database Quantitative and qualitative data Configuration files PostgreSQL Multimedia files UMN MapServer Cartoweb Apache Server Multimedia Images PDFs Word files Videos … Cartography GIS software Shapefiles Shapefiles
- 9. Iberian Peninsula - Population density in the 20th century Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference 6 / 6
- 10. Thank You! Inventing Europe/Tensions of Europe Sofia 2010 Conference You can see it live here: http://atlas.fcsh.unl.pt/ (in Portuguese, in English and soon in Spanish, of course)
Editor's Notes
- Apresentação do projecto e das equipas que colaboram nele: uma da Universidade de Lleida e outra da Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Os objectivos deste projecto são: Built an Iberian HGIS: New tool for analysis Collecting data about administrative division, infrastructures, economic indicators, population, and so on, when official censures are available (1850-2000) O caso da Península Ibérica pode ser interessante, por vários motivos, como estudo de caso e laboratório de aplicação dos procedimentos metodológicos à frente apresentados: Iberian Peninsula (IP): Well-delimited geography Testing methodological solutions applicable to other areas in Europe Analyzing phenomena regardless of national borders Identifying patterns of spatial distribution and historical evolution in which interaction with geographic realities plays an important role Para levar a efeito esta tarefa no espaço da PI colocam-se alguns desafios metodológicos que serão apresentados e explicados nesta comunicação Challenges: European Standards for spatial information Project beyond national boundaries Data (historical data, different sources…) Dissimilar administrative procedures and cartography
- Para ultrapassar estes desafios foram implementados vários procedimentos. Entre eles a utilização das regras definidas pela directiva INSPIRE. Following European Directives for compatibility and sharing data Nesse sentido, foi convertida a antiga informação associada à cartografia já produzida pelas duas equipas de investigação para um novo esquema de metadados obedecendo às regras de implementação do INSPIRE. Convert old metadata to new metadata New data already following INSPIRE Implementing Rules Para executar esta tarefa analisámos as várias soluções disponíveis, a própria página web do INSPIRE que disponibiliza uma ferramenta e metadados, produtos comerciais e soluções freeware. A escolha recaiu na utilização de dois programas gratuitos disponibilizados pelas entidades que em cada um dos países é responsável pela gestão da informação geográfica e cadastral.
- Para além dos metadados, a criação de um mapa ibérico único colocou um conjunto de problemas derivados, por um lado, da diferente origem dos dados cartográficos, e por outro lado, do facto de em cada país ser usado um sistema de coordenadas geográficas diferentes. Outro desafio está relacionado com as grandes diferenças nas áreas médias das divisões territoriais nos vários níveis administrativos de Portugal e Espanha, como é possível observar nestes mapas. Para ultrapassar estas dificuldades procedemos a uma operação de overlay, alterámos o sistema de coordenadas dos mapas dos dois países para o ETRS89 e foi criada uma projecção para o conjunto da PI. Na comparação de dados entre as unidades territoriais dos dois países, foram usadas aquelas que têm uma Higher proportional relationship between administrative units (passar ao slide com a comparação dos mapas)
- Referir apenas quais os mapas que adoptámos: Districts (pt) & Provinces (es) Parishes (pt) & Municipalities (es) Daniel vai falar sobre a solução de base de dados e webGIS que vai ser usada no projecto.
- Para registar toda a informação a ser recolhida no âmbito do projecto e tendo em conta que os SIG apresentam algumas limitações na gestão de bases de dados relacionais e no tratamento de dados temporais ou históricos decidimos optar pela construção de uma base de dados fora do SIG. Problems: Current GIS software shows some limitations in handling time Three major difficulties when creating a system that allows recording and analysis of historical information: data associated to one particular location varies over time locations or geographic representations may undergo changes processing unreferenced data, or whose location is vague Solution: Construction of a database (PostgreSQL) outside the GIS software Sufficiently flexible to enable the introduction of new variables, new geographic locations or new types of data Allow recording and identification of the hierarchical relationships between the several spatial elements Allow recording the changes occurred on the spatial elements, and on the corresponding associated data throughout a relatively long time series
- Objective: To produce a website where all information can be made available in distinct geographic scales and administrative divisions through time Integration of GIS data with the database Solution: Open source software: Linux and Apache: web server technologies CartoWeb: webGIS interface UMN MapServer: conversion of vector maps (shapefiles) into bitmap maps (gif, png) Relatively simple process of inserting new maps (configuration files) and associate new data to the maps (Access database with ODBC connection)
- Objective: To produce a website where all information can be made available in distinct geographic scales and administrative divisions through time Integration of GIS data with the database Solution: Open source software: Linux and Apache: web server technologies CartoWeb: webGIS interface UMN MapServer: conversion of vector maps (shapefiles) into bitmap maps (gif, png) Relatively simple process of inserting new maps (configuration files) and associate new data to the maps (Access database with ODBC connection)
- Data: Resident population from the 1910-11, 1940, 1960 and 2001 censuses All the data were interpolated to the 2001 map Population density represented with parishes (pt) and municipalities (es) Results: From an initially homogeneous pattern of distribution in 1910/1911, population has gradually become more concentrated by 2001 Concentration of population in increasingly smaller areas as a result of the migration process Spain and Portugal were amongst the European countries where total population and urbanization have increased the most between 1870 and 2000 Densification along the coast and some large metropolitan areas, like Madrid, Zaragoza and Valladolid; similar trend is observed regarding Lisbon or Oporto, but those two cities are on the coast 1940-1960 showed little variation; major changes between 1960-2001 Frontier is not relevant to explain population evolution; on both sides we can observe the same pattern of rural migration that affect the whole IP