The document discusses the differences between weather and climate. Weather is defined as the short-term atmospheric conditions including temperature, wind, and precipitation. Climate is defined as the average weather conditions over a longer period of time, such as decades or centuries. The document then describes how various weather elements such as temperature, wind direction, wind speed, and cloud cover are measured using instruments like thermometers, wind vanes, anemometers, and observations. Students are assigned a homework task to record weather data over a week and compare their findings to estimate typical weather conditions like temperature, sunlight, precipitation, and rainy days for Luxembourg in May.

1. Weather and climate
LO: Describe how weather is observed and recorded
You will use pages 18/19/22 of the orange book today
STARTER: What is the difference between WEATHER & CLIMATE?!

2. Weather vs Climate
Two related terms, both part of meteorology (study of weather [write
this in books!]) but there is a crucial difference…
• What is weather?
• ‘the condition of the air around us over a short period of
time. It is about being hot or cold, wet or dry, windy or
calm, cloudy or sunny’ [from page 18 – write into your
books]
• What is climate?
• ‘the weather taken on average over many years’ (p.22). If
we are discussing changing weather patterns measured over
decades or centuries, we are discussing climate change

3. Next to the diagram write the name
of each weather feature

4. Next to the diagram write the name
of each weather feature
• Precipitation (all types)
• Fog
• Precipitation (rain only)
• Wind direction
• Type of clouds (next lesson!)
• Wind strength (pollution warning)
• Cloud cover
• Temperature
• Clockwise from top middle:

5. Measuring the weather
• Describe how each of the following are measured:
Temperature – Thermometer – Degrees centigrade/
Fahrenheit
Wind direction –
Wind strength –
Cloud cover –

6. Measuring the weather
• Describe how each of the following are measured:
Temperature – Thermometer – Degrees centigrade/
Fahrenheit
Wind direction – Wind vane – Compass point the wind is
coming from
Wind strength – anemometer – Kph, mph, m/s, knots,
Beaufort scale.
Cloud cover – eyes – oktas [technical term for 1/8s!] / eighths

7. Measuring the weather
• Describe how each of the following are measured:
Temperature – Thermometer – Degrees centigrade/
Fahrenheit
Wind direction – Wind vane – Compass point the wind is
coming from
Wind strength – anemometer – Kph, mph, m/s, knots,
Beaufort scale
Cloud cover – eyes – oktas [technical term for 1/8s!] / eighths
Cloud Types (Q4 p.19)

8. Cloud Types (Q4 p.19)
• STRATUS; CIRRUS; CUMULUS;
CUMULONIMBUS

9. Independent Learning
• Links/material are on stgeog blog
• BBC guides are very student-friendly: try this google
• BBC Bitesize: Measuring weather.
• BBC Bitesize: recording weather data.
• National geographic video.
• Basic Wiki.

10. Homework challenge
• You can do this by any 1 or more of:
• Using appropriate measuring instruments
• Observation (eg cloud cover)
• Online weather reports
• But you must do this from the same place, at the
same time, each day…
• Your task is to record a week’s weather! Use this table
• Note the optional extension task

11. Exploring your findings
• Compare your findings with other classmates – how
accurate do you think your readings were?
• Using your, and others’, figures, have a go at estimating
the typical climactic conditions in Luxembourg (city) for
the month of May, noting your estimate for the average:
• High/low daily temperature (in both C and F)
• Hours of sunshine
• Precipitation (mm)
• Days with precipitation

12. Homework challenge
• SOURCE: theweathernetwork.com

13. Luxembourg Weather Patterns
• SOURCE: weather-and-climate.com

14. Luxembourg
Weather
Patterns
• SOURCE:
holiday-
weather.com

15. Luxembourg
Weather
Patterns
• SOURCE:
holiday-
weather.com

16. Luxembourg
Weather
Patterns
• SOURCE:
holiday-
weather.com

17. Luxembourg
Weather
Patterns
• SOURCE:
holiday-
weather.com

18. Luxembourg Weather Patterns
• SOURCE: weather-and-climate.com

19. Luxembourg
Weather
Patterns
• SOURCE:
weather.com
• This is a live feed
of cloud cover
and movement

20. Luxembourg
Weather
Patterns
• SOURCE:
weather.com
• This is a live
feed of cloud
cover and
movement

21. Exploring your findings
• Compare your findings with other classmates – how accurate
do you think your readings were?
• Using your, and others’, figures, have a go at estimating the
typical climactic conditions in Luxembourg (city) for the
month of May, noting your estimate for the average:
• High/low daily temperature (in both C and F) (19C/66F, 8/46)
• Hours of sunshine (6)
• Precipitation (80mm)
• Days with precipitation (15 days)
• NOW write a paragraph to sum up Luxembourg’s weather
(across the year, not just May!). You could compare it to
another country if you have any information on this – I will
allow you to use phones for 5mins to research this