Y1-Module-3-Constructing-orthographic-projection (1).doc

Unit of Competency: Construct Orthographic Projection
Module No.: 3
Module Title: Constructing Orthographic
Projection
Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Copyright Department of Education 2008
First Published JUNE 2008
This draft was prepared at the Competency-Based Learning
Materials Development Workshop conducted at the Marikina Hotel,
Marikina City on February 18-22, 2008 and Development Academy of
the Philippines (DAP) on May 5-10, 2008.
This learning instrument was developed by the following
personnel:
Technology Teachers:
Mario S. Gregorio, Ed.D.
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Region XI
Roy S. Luneta
Bauan Technical High School
Bauan, Batangas
Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino
Memorial Trade School, Lias, Marilao, Bulacan, Region III
Juanito Bugaoisan
Don Alejandro Roces, Sr. Science and Technology
San Fernando, La Union
Arlene V. Tobias
Mabalacat Technical High School
Mabalacat, Pampanga
Facilitator:
Aida T. Galura
Angeles City National Trade School
Sunset Valley, Angeles City

Encoders:
Mel Contapay
Office of Legal Affairs
Department of Education
Meralco Ave., Pasig City
Maria Riza Zamora
DepED Budget Division
Meralco Ave., Pasig City
The Refinement And Enrichment Of The Competency-Based
Curriculum and Competency-Based Learning Materials was done in
Marikina Hotel, Marikina City on April 13-18, 2009 through the
concerted effort of the following writers:
Technology Teachers:
Mario S. Gregorio Ed. D.
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Region 11
Condrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan, Region 01
Nelson M. Arisga
Malvar National High School
Malvar, Batangas, Region 4A
Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial College of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon, Region 4A
Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region 4A
Contextual Writer:
Marvin R. Viernes
Muntinlupa Business High School
Muntinlupa City, NCR

Encoder:
Lawrence D. Cruz
DepEd EID-TS
DepEd Complex Meralco Ave.
Quezon City
Jeffree O. Ponce
DepEd EID-TS
DepEd Complex Meralco Ave.
Quezon City
Facilitator:
Orlando E. Manuel PhD
Principal
Cabarroguis National School of Arts and Trades
Cabarroguis, Quirino
Region 02
This work was produced with funding provided by the
Department of Education.
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan
Company: 1949.
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10th
editon: 1960
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:
1977

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
How to Use this Module ……………………………………………….. I
Introduction ……………………………………………….. ii
Technical Terms …………………………………………………………. iii
Learning Outcome 1 –Construct Orthographic Views ………………….. 1
Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………………. 2
Information Sheet 1.1 …………………………………………… 3
Operation Sheet 1.1 …………………………………………… 14
Self – Check 1.1 …………………………………………………….. 28
Self - Check 1.2 ……………………………………………
Self -Check 1.3 ………………………………………………………
Self -Check 1.4 …………………………………………………..
29
30
31
Operation Sheet 1.2 ………………………………………….. 34
Self – Check 1.5 …………………………………………………….. 38
Self – Check 1.6 …………………………………………………….. 39
Self – Check 1.7 …………………………………………………….. 40
Learning Outcome 2 – Apply General Specific Dimensions ……… 41
Learning Experiences/Activities ………………………………….. 42
Information Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………… 43
Self Check 2.1 ………………………………………………………… 45
Self Check 2.2 ………………………………………………………… 47
Assessment Resources ………………………………………………….. 49
Answer Key ………………………………………………….. 51-57

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Activities are properly arranged in this module to help you work on
your own pace. This module also covers the knowledge, skills, and desirable
attitude you need in technical drawing.
A Pre-assessment precedes the learning activities in each module to
determine your learning level and need.
The Learning Activity Page gives the sequence of the learning task.
This page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.
When you are able to accomplish all the tasks required, a post-
assessment is given to check if you are already competent with the specified
learning outcome/s and ready for the next task.
Definitions of terms are provided in this module for your better
understanding.

Program/ Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I
Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTIONS
Module Title : Constructing Orthographic
Projections
INTRODUCTION
Orthographic Projection is the graphical representation of the different
views of an object to show the necessary information. Through this module,
a student can construct two forms of orthographic projection such as
orthographic views and pictorial views. Orthographic views represent front
view, top view, right side view, bottom view, rear view and left side view while
pictorial view represents a complete shape of an object.
Also, through this module, a student can apply general and specific
dimension: the height, width, and depth of an object.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of this module, you will be able to:
LO1 Construct Orthographic Views
LO2 Apply general and specific dimensions

TECHNICAL TERMS
Orthographic - is a method of representing three dimensions.
Projection- is an object on a plane having only length and breadth.
Right Angle – is an angle with a measure of 90 degrees.
Dimension – is a radial or linear length (width, height, depth) labeled on a
technical drawing.
Measurement – is the process or result of measuring anything.
Metric system of measurement – is an international system of
measurement
English system of measurement- is an American standard system
of measurement
Metric – pertains to the metric system of measurement.
Dimensioning – is an act of measuring a drawing.

5
PROJECTIONS
Projections
LO1.Construct orthographic views
Assessment Criteria:
1. Principles of orthographic projection are clearly explained and
discussed.
2. Projection of principal views is clearly demonstrated.
3. Principal views are accurately constructed based on a given pictorial.
4. Supplying missing lines is accurately solved and illustrated.
5. Proper manipulation of drafting tools and equipment is performed.
6. Safety work habits are highly practiced.
References:
Company: 1949.
edition: 1960
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishin

5
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome # 1: Construct Orthographic Drawing
Learning Activities Special Instruction
1. After reading the information
sheet no. 1 and 2, you are
required to answer the self
check 1.1.
2. Given the operation sheet no.
1.1, read and perform the
procedure in constructing
orthographic views on self
checks 1.2, 1.3, 1.4.
3. Proceed to operation sheet no.
1.2, read and analyze the
operating steps in
constructing pictorial view.
4. Perform the task on self
checks no. 1.2, 1.3, 1.4.
 Ask your teacher for further
clarification on items not clear
to you.
 When you are through with the
activity, review/ check your
work.

5
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1
LO1. Construct orthographic drawing
Orthographic projection is a method of representing the exact shape
of the object by dropping two or more perpendicular to a plane generally at
right angle.
As basic requirement in performing drawing activities, the students
must have the basic knowledge on alphabet of lines.
The following are the basic alphabet of lines that are used in
orthographic drawing.
1. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges or contours of an object
(NOTE: Visible lines are sometimes called object lines.)
2. Hidden lines – Represented by a series of medium weight dashes used
to show the hidden or invisible edges of an object.

5
THIN
THIN
3. Center lines – Used to show the centers of holes of circular object
or shape.
4. Section lines – Used to show a surface that has been cut in a section
view. The surface indicated with section line is presumed to be solid
portion.
5. Extension lines – Indicates the limit of a dimension line.
MEDIUM

5
6.Dimension lines – Used to show the size (dimensions) of an object; spans
from one extension line to the next, has arrowhead at both ends, and is
broken in the middle fro the measurement number (dimension).
7.Leader lines – Used to direct descriptive major information, notes, or
special dimensions to features on the drawing and done mechanically.
8.Cutting-plane lines – Used to show where a section has been taken;
arrows on the end show the direction in which the section was taken.
9.Break lines – Used to show that part of the object has been removed or
broken away
a. Short break lines are for freehand, jagged lines and applicable
for small objects only.
THICK
Both are
cutting plane lines
LEADER LINE
THIN
MEDIUM

5
b. Long break lines are solid with a Z symbol inserted in several
places and done mechanically and applicable for big objects
only.
10.Reference line – an irregular fine curve line with an arrowhead at one
end used for indicating the measurement and name of a part.
Two Methods of Shape Representation
A. Orthographic Views
B. Pictorial Views (Refer to Operation Sheet #1.2)
Orthographic view-is a representation of two or more separate views. This
can be represented into six principal views and regular views
1. The Three Regular Views
Orthographic views can be represented by two or more separate views,
however, it is advisable to illustrate three views to show clear and detail
presentation of at least three principal views of the object. The following are:
1. Top View
2. Front View
3. Side View
THIN
MEDIUM

5
Fig. 1. Three Regular Views
2. The Six Principal Views (see Fig. 2)
1. Top View. It is drawn above the front.
2. Front View. It is drawn vertically aligned and below
the top view
3. Right Side View. This located at the right side and aligned
with the front view.
4. Left Side View. The opposite of the right side view. It is located
at the left side and aligned with the front view.
5. Rear View. The opposite view of the front view. It is located
aligned after either at the right side view or left
side view.
6. Bottom View. The opposite view of the top view. This must be
drawn vertically aligned and below the front view.
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

5
FRONT VIEW REAR VIEW
REAR VIEW
RIGHT SIDE VIEW
LEFT SIDE VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
Fig. 2 shows the six principal views. Further, it shows the
proper location of the top view, front view, right side view,
left side view, rear view, and bottom view
TOP VIEW
Plan View or Top View
This can be little more difficult to visualize because you have to imagine
yourself moving over the top of the object and looking vertically downward. The left-
hand and right-hand illustration on the next page show how the plan is placed
above the front. Again, sketch the light vertical construction lines to locate the plan
in its proper position. Draw these upward from each corner of the front view and
line-in the plan of the right.

5
Front View
Concentrate on the front view. If you look at it correctly the effect will
be seen below at the left, while the below right illustration shows what you
will actually see. Notice that in the left-hand drawing, you can only see the
dark-inked front “face” of the object. Notice also that you cannot see any of
the other sides of the object. This is because all those sides are “going away”
from you in your line of sight and are simply not visible from your view
point. They are still there, of course, but are hidden behind the outer edges
of the first face.
FRONT VIEW
TOP VIEW

5
FRONT VIEW RIGHT- SIDE VIEW
The right-side view drawn at the right of the front view
CORRECT VIEWING OF THE
FRONT FACE
THE FRONT VIEW AS SEEN
FRONT VIEW
Right-Side View
Right-side view should be drawn at the right side of front view. Imagine
moving around the object to look directly at its right side. How you see it is
shown below-left and what you see is shown below-right. Again the faces you
actually see are heavily outlined.

5
Pictorial View is a representation of a complete shape of the object.
Pictorial View of a Step Block
CORRECT VIEWING OF THE
RIGHT-SIDE FACE
RIGHT- SIDE VIEW AS SEEN

5
Identifying the vertical and horizontal view
The Space Dimension
This refers to the three dimension standards of the pictorial view such
as: height, width, and depth.
Height is the distance elevation from top to bottom.
Width is the distance from left side to the right side.
Depth is the distance from front to rear.
WIDTH DEPTH
HEIGHT
Fig. 3 shows the illustration of pictorial view

5
The ten principles to be considered in constructing orthographic
drawing/projection are:
1. Top view is directly above the front view.
2. Side views are horizontally aligned with the front view and rear
view.
3. The width of the top view is equal to the width of the side view.
4. When a line or edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane or
surface, projection will appear as a point.
5. A line or edge parallel to a plane of projection will also appear as a
line or edge in its exact shape or true length.
6. A line or edge inclined to the plane of projection will appear shorter
or foreshortened.
7. A surface perpendicular to the plane will appear as a line or edge
equal in length to the nearest edge of the surface which in this
case is either its length or its width depending on its position.
8. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will be shown in its
exact or true shape and size.
9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a
surface but smaller in size and shape.
10. No line or edge of the object can be projected longer than its true
length.

5
OPERATION SHEET # 1.1
LO1. Construct orthographic views
Condition or Situation for the Operation:
Given pictorial view with corresponding dimensions and draw the
three regular views.
Equipment, Tools and Materials:
T-Square, triangle (30 x 60, 45 x 45), French curve compass, elliptical
template, drafting knife, butt paper and eraser
Procedure: (See follow-up illustration on the next page)
To draw orthographic views of the given pictorial view, first determine
the number of views needed, then decide which surface will become the front
view. Establish the space needed between views for dimensioning and
calculate the center of the drawing, then proceed to the following steps.
PICTORIAL DRAWING

5
STEP 1. Draw the vertical and horizontal axis.

5
STEP 2. Divide the axis by indicating marking lines
according to the given dimensions of the width of
the top view, height of the front view and space
between top view and front view.
Length
FRONT VIEW
Space between top view and front view

5
STEP 3. Construct the enclosing box of the top view and front view by
projecting the marking lines horizontally and vertically.
Space between top view
and front view
FRONT VIEW

5
STEP 4. Construct diagonal line at 45 degrees angle using
45 deg. X 45 deg. Triangle from the upper right
corner of the enclosing box of the front view.
Length
FRONT VIEW
450
Space between top
view and front view

5
STEP 5. Project down the two intersecting points to get the
width of the right side view and to form its
enclosing box.
Length
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT

5
STEP 6. Divide proportioning distance of top view and
front view by indicating marking lines.
Length
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT

5
STEP 7. Draw the details of top view front view and side
view by projecting the marking lines horizontally
and vertically.
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT

5
STEP 8. Darken the final edges of the top view, front view
and right side view
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT

5
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT
STEP 9. Divide the provided space for dimensioning by
indicating marking lines.

5
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT
STEP 10. Sketch light lines for dimension lines and
extension lines by projecting the marking lines
horizontally and vertically.

5
STEP 11. Draw final dimension lines and extension lines.
.
.
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT
40

5
STEP 12. Indicate the measurements.
.
.
FRONT VIEW
450
INTERSECTING POINT
10 10
40
30
10
12
40
16

5
Evaluation:
Teacher evaluates using the following criteria:
1. All operating steps in the construction of the given problem are
correctly followed.
2. The object is accurately drawn according to the given measurements.
3. All drawing instruments used in the drawing are properly
manipulated according to the standards.
4. The drawing is neatly done.
STEP 13. Label the top, front and right side views.
Finally, erase the construction lines.
.
.
FRONT VIEW
10 10
40
30
10
12
40
16
TOP VIEW
RIGHT SIDE VIEW

5
SELF CHECK # 1.1
Direction: On the blank provided before each item, write the words that
make the sentence complete and correct.
_________1. Dimension line must be terminated by an _____________.
_________ 2.The length of arrowhead must be _________________.
_________3. It is a thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on
the drawing to which the dimension refers.
_________4. It is a gap, and a distance of the extension line to the object.
_________5.It is the exact width of the arrowhead.
_________6. The distance from front to rear.
_________ 7. It is the opposite view of the top view.
_________ 8. The first step in constructing orthographic drawing.
_________ 9. It is the opposite view of the front view.
________ 10. It is the distance between object outline and dimension line.

5
SELF CHECK # 1.2
Direction: Given the pictorial view, construct the three orthographic views.
PICTORIAL VIEW

5
SELF CHECK # 1.3
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN CENTIMETER
50
13
50
13
50
50
38
38
50
13
20
50
25
15
DIRECTION: Given pictorial drawing, solve the three
Regular views

5
SELF CHECK # 1.4
DIRECTION: Given pictorial drawing, solve the three
Regular views
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN CENTIMETERS
50
13
50
50
38
13
20
50
40
25
60
50
25
15
15
20
45

5
Other suggested Activities:
Direction: Supply the missing visible and hidden lines in the Orthographic
views below.
A B

5
Direction: Supply the missing visible and hidden lines in the pictorial
drawings below.

5
OPERATION SHEET # 1.2
LO1. Construct orthographic drawing
Condition or Situation for the Operation:
Given the three orthographic views with corresponding dimensions,
draw the orthographic drawing (pictorial view).
Pictorial View – a drawing that represents the complete shape of an object.
Below demonstrates how pictorial drawing is constructed.
Equipment, Tools and Materials:
T-Square, triangle (30 x 60, 45 x 45), French curve compass, elliptical
template, drafting knife, butt paper, and eraser.
16
34
18 24
10
10
24
26
10
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

5
Procedure: (See follow-up illustration on the next page)
Precaution:
Observe and practice the proper uses and care of the drawing
instruments.
Evaluation:
Teacher evaluates using the following criteria:
1. All operating steps in the construction of the given problem are
correctly followed.
2. The object is accurately drawn according to the given measurements.
3. All drawing instruments used in the drawing are properly
manipulated according to the standards.
4. The drawing is neatly done.
STEP 1. Draw the axis (Use 30 x 60 triangle for
inclined axis).
STEP 2. Lay out the proportion of an object in the
enclosing box for the whole object or
principal portion of it.

5
STEP 3. Project measurements.
S
T
E
P
4
.
D
i
v
i
d
e
o
n
e
a
x
i
s
f
o
r
p
r
STEP 5. Divide one axis for proportioning
distance and sketch the most
dominant detail of the object.
STEP 4. Sketch the enclosing box.

5
STEP 6. Complete the construction
details.
STEP 7. Darken the final edges and erase
the construction lines.

5
SELF CHECK # 1.5
Direction: Given the three orthographic views, construct a pictorial view.
TOP VIEW
50 30
15
FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW
35
5

5
SELF CHECK # 1.6
DIRECTION: Given the three orthographic views, draw the
Pictorial view.
TOP VIEW
.
27
60
10
FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW
10
12
20
10
50

5
SELF CHECK # 1.7
DIRECTION: Given the orthographic views, draw the pictorial.
TOP VIEW
5
10 10
27
10
12
40
10
10
5
45
20

41
PROJECTIONS
Projections
LO2. Supply general and specific dimensions
Assessment Criteria:
1. Measurements are correctly converted from English to Metric.
2. Dimensioning is manually/CAI- supplied on orthographic and
isometric drawing in accordance with standard specifications.
3. All dimensions using notation on special features of object are
supplied accordingly.
References:
Company: 1949.
editon: 1960
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:
1977

42
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome # 2: Supply General and Specific Dimension
Learning Activities Special Instruction
2. Read the information sheet no.
2 on conversion of
measurement.
3. Answer the self check no. 2.1.
Compare your answer to the
answer key.
4. Go back and review the
information if some items are
not correctly answered.
 Try to answer the self check no.
3.2 the best you can.

43
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1
LO2. Supply general and specific dimension
Dimensioning
Dimensions are given in the form of linear distances, angles or notes
irrespective of the dimensioning units being used.
The following are the essential elements to be considered in
dimensioning technique:
1. character of lines
2. spacing of the dimensions
3. the arrow heads
4. the use of extension lines.
The arrow heads indicate the direction and extent of a dimension. It
should be uniformed in size as 3mm. length width.
Spacing of the dimension lines
The dimension nearest to the object being outlined should be spaced
at least 10 mm. away. All other dimension lines should be at least 6 mm.
apart. However, if more space is available, the spacing of dimensions line
should be uniformed throughout the drawing.
Extension line
A thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on the drawing to
which a dimension refers. The dimension line meets the extension lines at
right except in special cases. A gap distance of at least 2 mm. from the object
outline should extend about 3 mm. (1/8) beyond the outermost arrowhead.

44
System of Measurements
There are two systems of measurement applied in drawing such as
English and metric.
1. English System
As used in drawing, specifically refers to inches and feet unit of
measurement
2. Metric System
It is an International System (IS) of measurement as applied in
drawing. This is based upon the meter or millimeter as a linear
unit of measurement
Metric Equivalent (Commonly used in drawing)
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters = 254 millimeters
1 foot = 30.5 centimeters = 305 millimeters
1 foot = .305 meter
How to Convert English System to Metric System?
Example 1:
To convert 18 inches to centimeters
18 in X 30.5 cm
12 in
= 18 X 30.5 cm
12
= 18 X 2.54 cm
= 45.7 cm
Example 2:
To convert 84 centimeters to inches
84 cm X 12 in
30.5 cm
= 84 X 12 in
30.5
= 31.6 inches

45
SELF CHECK # 2.1
LO2. Supply general and specific dimension
Direction:
A. Fill in the blanks.
_____________________1. A form of linear distances, angles, or notes
irrespective of the dimensioning units being used.
_____________________2. It is the length of the arrowheads.
_____________________3. It is a thin and solid line that extend from a point
on the drawing to which the dimension refers.
_____________________4. It is a gap distance between extension line and
object line.
_____________________5. It is the exact width of the arrowhead.
B. Enumeration
1. Identify the two systems of measurement.
a.
b.
2. Recognize the essential elements to be considered in dimensioning.
a.
b.
c.
d.
C. Problem Solving
1. Convert 32 inches to centimeter.
2. Convert 6 inches to centimeter.

46
D. Direction: Given the three orthographic views, supply the missing general
Dimensions of the top view, front view, and side view.
TOP VIEW
?
50
40 ?
60
? 15
15
20
20

47
SELF CHECK # 2.2
Direction:
I. On the blank provided before each item, write the word or group of words
that will make the sentence complete and correct.
_________1. Dimension line must be terminated by a _____________.
_________ 2.The length of arrowhead must be _________________.
_________3. It is a thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on
the drawing to which the dimension refers.
_________4. It is a gap and a distance of the extension line to the object.
_________5.It is the exact width of the arrowhead.
_________6. The distance from front to rear
_________ 7. It is the opposite view of the top view
_________ 8. The first step in constructing orthographic drawing
_________ 9. It is the opposite view of the front view
________ 10. It is the distance between object outline and dimension line
II. Enumeration:
1. Give the two systems of measurements
a.
b.
2. Identify the essential elements to be considered in dimensioning
a.
b.
c.
d.

48
3 Enumerate the six principal views according to their standard
placement.
a.
b.
c.
d
e
f.
4. Identify the two methods of shape representation.
a.
b.
5. Identify the three-space dimensions.
a.
b
c
III Essay type
1. Discuss briefly the following;
a. Pictorial View
b. Orthographic Projection
c. Dimensioning Technique
IV. Illustrate the steps in constructing orthographic drawing based on the
given pictorial view.

49
ASSESSMENT RESOURCES
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
 Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
 Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
 Neatness
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.

50
 Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - All information must be completely indicated and legibly
printed.
10 pts. - Pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.

51
ANSWER KEY # 1.1
I.
1. arrow heads
2. 3mm
3. extension line
4. 2mm
5. 2mm
6. depth
7. bottom view
8. draw axis
9. rear view
10. 10 mm

52
ANSWER KEY 1.2
TOP VIEW
30
.
10
20
25
10
15
30
10
20
10
40
10 20

53
ANSWER KEY 1.3
PICTORIAL VIEW

54
ANSWER KEY 1.4
(Teacher’s Check)
Self-check 1.4

55
ANSWER KEY 1.5
(Teacher’s Check)
Self-check 1.5

56
ANSWER KEY 2.1
A.
1. Dimension
2. 3mm
3. Extension line
4. 2mm
5. 2mm
B.
1. a. English system
b. Metric system
2. a. Character of lines
b. Arrow heads
c. Extension line
d. Distance/ Spacing of dimensions
C.
1. 81.33 cm
2. 15 cm
D. (Teacher’s check)

57
ANSWER KEY # 2.2
I.
1. arrow heads
2. 3mm
3. extension line
4. 2mm
5. 2mm
6. depth
7. bottom view
8. draw axis
9. rear view
10. 10 mm
II.
1.
a. English System
b. Metric System
2.
a. Character lines
b. dimension line
c. extension line
d. spacing of the dimension line
3.
a. top view
b. front view
c. right side view
d. left side view
e. rear view
f. bottom view
4.
a. orthographic view
b. pictorial view
5.
a. height
b. width
c. depth

Y1-Module-3-Constructing-orthographic-projection (1).doc

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Y1-Module-3-Constructing-orthographic-projection (1).doc