2. What is organic chemistry?
Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds
that contain bonds with carbon atoms.
All living things contain the element carbon.
3. What’s The big Deal About Carbon?
No other element comes close to matching
carbon’s versatility!
These Mighty Atoms:
• Can form millions of different
large and complex structures.
• Easily Bond with elements and
each other
• Can form chains and rings.
• Can form single, double, or triple
bonds
Benzene
4. Macromolecules
AKA Organic molecules or biomolecules
Macromolecules are large organic compounds formed from
hundreds or thousands of smaller molecules.
• Small molecules that join together are monomers. (mono
means “one”). Monomers are like links in a chain.
• When monomers join together they form long polymers.
(poly means “many). Polymers are chains of monomers.
5. Polymers
Think of polymers as a beaded necklace. Like the different
beads on this necklace, polymers can be made from different
monomers.
How many different “monomers” make up this necklace?
6
6. What are the groups of
macromolecules?
Macromolecules in living
things are grouped based on
their chemical compositions
4 Main Macromolecules are:
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
7. CARBOHYDRATES!
AKA: Sugars and Starches
Usually colorless, water soluble, and
crystalized.
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen Atoms (CHO)
Monomer: Monosaccharaides
Polymer: Disaccharides and
Polysaccharides
8. CARBOHYDRATES!
Carbohydrates are classified in groups
based on number of different molecules.
1 Molecule - Monosaccharaide
2 Molecules - Disaccharides
3 or More Molecules – Polysaccharides
9. Functions of CARBOHYDRATES
1. Readily Available Source of
Short Term Energy. QUICK!
2. Energy Storage
• Glycogen stores energy in animals
-liver and muscle cells
• Starch stores energy in plants
3. Structural
Cell Walls in Bacteria and Plants
Exoskeletons of Insects, Arthropods, and Crustaceans.
12. Lipids!
AKA: Fats, Oils, and Waxes
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms (CHO)
Monomer: Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Polymer: Fats, Oils, Waxes
Functions:
• Stores Energy in Long Term
• Make Up Cell Membranes
• Steroids
Examples:
• Fats & Oils: Energy Storage
• Waxes: Repel Water
• Steroids: Cholesterol, Sex Hormones, and Cortisol
• Phospholipid Cell Membranes: Protect and Regulate Cell Homeostasis
**Lipids are generally NOT soluble in water.**
13. Polymer:
Phospholipids
• Make up cell membranes.
• Phospholipids pair up to
create a protective
phospholipid bilayer. By bradleyhintz
14. Proteins
The Most Diverse
Macromolecule Group
Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, and Nitrogen Atoms (CHON)
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptide
Functions:
• Form Cell Structures
• Transport Substances In and Out of
Cells
• Enzymes control the rate of reactions
• Hormones to Regulate Cell Processes
• Defense Against Disease (antibodies)
All Amino Acids
Contain an Amino
Group & Carboxyl
Group
Enzymes Control
Reaction Rates
15. Protein structure and function
Amino acids link together to form a polypeptide.
About 20 Amino Acids are found in nature.
A protein is built from one or more polypeptides.
Formed by RNA
16. Nucleic Acids!
Composed Of: Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
(CHONPS)
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic Acids
Functions:
• Store and Transmit Hereditary or
Genetic Information - DNA
• Protein Synthesis – RNA (LOOK UP SYNTHESIS in GLOSSARY!!)
17. CHONP! Nucleic acids
Nucleic Acids that make up DNA and RNA
are made of 3 parts:
1. Monosaccharide:
• DNA- deoxyribose
• RNA- ribose
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
• cytosine, guanine,
adenine, thymine, uracil
