2. EXPLAIN THE REASONS
FOR RIZAL’S EXILE IN
DAPITAN
LEARNING OUTCOMES
DISCUSS JOSE RIZAL’S
LIFE IN DAPITAN
ACKNOWLEDGE THE
VALUES OF
NATIONALISM AND
PATRIOTISM OF JOSE
RIZAL
4. THE GACETA DE MANILA PUBLISHED THE STORY OF RIZAL’S ARREST, WHICH
PRODUCED INDIGNANT COMMOTION AMONG THE FILIPINO PEOPLE,
PARTICULARLY THE MEMBERS OF THE NEWLY ORGANIZED LA LIGA FILIPINA.
THE NEWSPAPER MENTIONED THE REASON WHY HE WAS SENT INTO EXILE. THE
FF. ARE RIZAL’S CHARGES:
1. DURING HIS “VOLUNTARY EXILE” HE HAD PUBLISHED BOOKS AND
PROCLAMATIONS “OF VERY DOUBTFUL LOYALTY OF SPAIN, WHICH ARE NOT
ONLY FRANKLY ANTI-CATHOLIC, BUT IMPUDENTLY ANTI-FRIAR, AND
INTRODUCED THESE INTO THE ARCHIPELAGO”
2. A FEW HOURS AFTER HIS ARRIVAL IN THE PHILIPPINES “ THERE WAS FOUND
IN ONE OF THE PACKAGES BELONGING TO THE SAID SUBJECT A BUNDLE OF
HAND BILLS ENTITLED ‘POOR FRIARS’ IN WHICH THE PATIENT AND HUMBLE
GENENEROSITY OF THE FILIPINOS IS SATIRIZED, AND IN WHICH
ACCUSATIONS ARE PUBLISHED AGAINST THE CUSTOMS OF THE RELIGIOUS
ORDERS.
5. 3. HIS LAST BOOK “EL FILIBUSTERISMO” WAS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF
THREE TRAITORS TO THEIR COUNTRY (GOMEZ, BURGOS, ZAMORA), BUT
EXTOLLED BY HIM AS MARTYRS, WHILE IN THE EPIGRAPH OF THE TITLE PAGE OF
SAID BOOK IS THE DOCTRINE THAT BECAUSE OF THE VICES AND ERRORS OF
THE SPANISH ADMINISTRATION, THERE IS NO OTHER SALVATION FOR THE
PHILIPPINES THAN SEPARATION FROM OTHER COUNTRY.
4. HE WAS ALSO CHARGES FOR SEEKING TO DE-CATHOLICIZE THE PHILIPPINES.
6. A LETTER HAD GONE WITH THE BOAT FROM
PADRE PABLO PASTELLS, SUPERIOR OF THE
JESUIT MISSION IN THE PHILIPPINES, SAYING
THAT RIZAL MIGHT DWELL IN THE HOUSE OF
FATHER OBACH, THE PARISH PRIEST OF
DAPITAN, ON THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
• THAT RIZAL PUBLICLY RETRACT HIS
ERRORS CONCERNING RELIGION, AND
MAKE STATEMENTS THAT WERE CLEARLY
SPANIS AND AGAINST REVOLUTION.
• THAT HE PERFORM THE CHURCH RITES
AND MAKE GENERAL CONFESSION OF HIS
PAST LIFE.
• THAT HENCEFORTH HE CONDUCTS
HIMSELF IN EXEMPLARY MANNER AS A
SPANISH SUBJECT AND A MAN OF
RELIGION.
PADRE PABLO
PASTELLS
FATHER ANTONIO
OBACH
7. • RIZAL DID NOT AGREE TO THE CONDITIONS
AND SO WAS PLACED IN THE HOME OF OF THE
COMMANDANT, CAPT. RICARDO CARNICERO.
• RIZAL WAS SO MANLY AND
STRAIGHTFORWARD THAT CARNICERO
BECAME DEEPLY ATTACHED TO HIM.
• RIZAL WAS GIVEN FREEDOM TO GO WHERE HE
MIGHT BUT HAD TO REPORT ONCE A WEEK.
• THE FRIENDSHIP LED CARNICERO TO WRITE
REPEATED LETTERS TO THE GOVERNOR
GENERAL, ASSURING HIM THAT RIZAL HAD NO
PART IN ANY INSURRECTIONARY PROGRAMS
AND THAT HE WAS A FRIEND OF THE SPANISH
GOVERNMENT AND DESIRED ONLY REFORM.
CAPT. RICARDO
CARNICERO
HOUSE OF CAPT.
CARNICERO
8. THE REFORMS WHICH RIZAL TOLD CARNICERO HE DESIRED WERE:
1. SECULARIZE THE FRIARS, AND STOP THE TUTELAGE WHICH THESE GENTLEMEN
EXERCISE OVER THE GOVERNMENT AND OVER THE LAND, DISTRIBUTING THE
CURACIES AS THEY BECAME VACANT AMONG THE CLERGY, REGARDLESS OF
WHETHER THEY ARE FROM SPAIN OR THE PHILIPPINES.
2. REFORM THE ADMINISTRATION IN ALL ITS BRANCHES
3. PROMOTE PRIMARY INSTRUCTION, STOPPING ALL INVENTION OF THE FRIARS, GIVING
TEACHERS BETTER SALARIES.
4. GIVE CONTROL OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE COUNTRY HALF TO SPANIARDS, HALF TO
FILIPINOS
5. MAKE THE ADMINISTRATION MORAL
6. CREATE SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND CRAFTS IN THE CAPITALS OF THE PROVINCES WITH
OVER 16,000 INHABITANTS.
10. I. WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY
• ON SEPTEMBER 21, 1892 THE MAIL BOAT BUTUAN WAS APPROACHING THE
TOWN OF DAPITAN CARRYING A LOTTERY TICKET NO.9736 JOINTLY OWNED
BY CAPT. CARNICERO, DR. RIZAL AND FRANCISCO EQUILIOR (SPANISH
RESIDENT OF DIPOLOG) WON THE SECOND PRIZE OF P20,000
• RIZAL’S SHARE OF THE WINNING LOTTERY TICKET WAS P6,200
• HE GAVE P2,000 TO HIS FATHER AND P200 TO HIS FRIEND BASA IN HONG
KONG AND THE REST HE INVESTED WELL BY PURCHASING AGRICULTURAL
LANDS ALONG THE COAST OF TALISAY.
• HE NEVER DRANK HARD LIQUOR AND NEVER SMOKED BUT HE WAS
LOTTERY WAS A LOTTERY ADDICT. "This was his only vice," commented
Wenceslao E. Retana, his first Spanish biographer and former enemy. Three (3)
pesetas – amount Rizal allotted for lottery tickets every month.
11. II. RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ
• FATHER PASTELLS ASSIGNED FR. FRANCISCO DE
PAUA SANCHEZ, RIZAL’S FAVORITE TEACHER AT THE
ATENEO DE MANILA, TO DAPITAN. HE WAS THE
ONLY SPANISH PRIEST TO DEFEND RIZAL’S NOLI ME
TANGERE IN PUBLIC.
• RIZAL AND FR. SANCHEZ ARGUED THEOLOGICALLY
IN A FRIENDLY MANNER BUT ALL THE EFFORTS OF
SANCHEZ WERE IN VAIN.
• DESPITE HIS FAILURES TO PERSUADE RIZAL TO
DISCARD HIS UNORTHODOX VIEWS ON THE
CATHOLIC RELIGION, FR. SANCHEZ ENJOYED THE
LATTERS COMPANY AND HE EVEN ASSISTED RIZAL
IN BEAUTIFYING THE TOWN PLAZA.
• ON FR. SANCHEZ’S BIRTHDAY, RIZAL GAVE HIM A
GIFT- A MANUSCRIPT ENTITLED ESTUDIOS SOBRE
LA LENGUA TAGALA (STUDIES ON THE TAGALOG
LANGUAGE)
FR. FRANCISCO DE
PAUA SANCHEZ
12. III. IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN
• SINCE AUGUST 1893, MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY
TOOK TURNS IN VISITING HIM IN ORDER TO
ASSUAGE HIS LONELINESS IN THE ISOLATED
OUTPOST. AMONG THEM WERE HIS MOTHER,
SISTERS TRINIDAD, MARIA, NARCISA, AND
NEPHEWS TEODISIO, ESTANISLAO, MAURICIO,
AND PRUDENCIO.
• HE BUILT HIS HOUSE BY THE SEASHORE OF
TALISAY, SURROUNDED BY FRUIT TREES AND
ANOTHER HOUSE FOR HIS SCHOOL BOYS AND A
HOSPITAL FOR HIS PATIENTS.
• DESCRIBING HIS LIFE IN DAPITAN, RIZAL WROTE
TO BLUEMENTRITT ON DECEMBER 19, 1893:
FERDINAND
BLUMENTRITT
RIZAL’S HOUSE IN DAPITAN
(RECONSTRUCTED)
13. “I shall tell you how we live here. I have three houses; one square, another
hexagonal, and a third octagonal, all of bamboo, wood and nipa. In the square
house we live, my mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew and I; in the octagonal live
my boys or some good youngsters whom I teach arithmetic, Spanish and English;
and in the hexagonal live my chickens. From my house I hear the murmur of a
crystal clear book which comes from the high rocks; I see the seashore, the sea
where I have small boats, two canoes or barotos, as they say here. I have many
fruit trees, mangoes, lanzones, guayabanos, baluno, nangka, etc. I have rabbits,
dogs, cats, etc. I rise early – at five – visit my plants, feed the chickens, awaken
my people and put them in movement. At half-past seven we breakfast with tea,
pastries, cheese, sweetmeats, etc. Later I treat my poor patients who come to my
land; I dress, I go to the town in my baroto, treat the people there, and return at
12 when my luncheon awaits me. Then I teach the boys until 4 P.M. and devote
the afternoon to agriculture. I spend the night reading and studying.”
RIZAL’S LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT DESCRIBING HIS LIFE IN DAPITAN
14. IV. PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN
• RIZAL PRACTICED MEDICINE IN DAPITAN. HE HAD
MANY PATIENTS BUT MOST OF THEM WERE SO
POOR THAT HE EVEN GAVE THEM FREE MEDICINE.
• HE OPERATED HIS MOTHER’S RIGHT EYE. THE
OPERATION WAS SUCCESSFUL BUT DONA
TEODORA IGNORED HER SON’S INSTRUCTIONS BY
REMOVING THE BANDAGES FROM HER EYES,
HEREBY CAUSING THE WOUND TO BE INFECTED.
FORTUNATELY, THE INFECTION WAS ARRESTED
AND DONA TEODORA’S SIGHT WAS RESTORED.
• RIZAL’S FAME AS A PHYSICIAN PARTICULARLY AS
AN EYE SPECIALIST PAVE WAY TO PATIENTS FROM
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PHILIPPINES FROM
LUZON,BOHOL, CEBU, PANAY, NEGROS, AND
MINDANAO AND EVEN FROM HONG KONG.
OPHTHALMOLOGY INSTRUMENTS OF
THE ERA
PAINTING OF RIZAL OPERATING HIS
MOTHER’S EYE BY RAMON ENRIQUEZ
15. V. WATER SYSTEM FOR DAPITAN
• RIZAL HELD THE TITLE OF EXPERT SURVEYOR (PERITO AGRIMENSOR), WHICH HE
OBTAINED FROM ATENEO. IN DAPITAN, HE APPLIED HIS KNOWLEDGE IN ENGINEERING
BY CONSTRUCTING A SYSTEM OF WATERWORKS IN ORDER TO FURNISH CLEAN WATER
TO THE TOWNSPEOPLE. WITHOUT ANY AID FROM THE GOVERNMENT, HE SUCCEEDED
IN GIVING GOOD WATER SYSTEM TO DAPITAN.
16. VI. COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN
• WHEN RIZAL ARRIVED IN DAPITAN, HE DECIDED TO IMPROVE IT TO THE BEST
OF HIS GOD-GIVEN TALENTS.
• HE SPENT MANY MONTHS IN DRAINING THE MARSHES IN ORDER TO GET RID
OF MALARIA THAT INFESTED IN DAPITAN.
• THE P500 WHICH AN ENGLISH PATIENT PAID HIM WAS USED BY HIM TO
EQUIP THE TOWN WITH ITS LIGHTING SYSTEM WHICH CONSIST COCONUT
OIL LAMPS PLACED IN DARK STREETS OF DAPITAN.
• THE BEAUTIFICATION AND REMODELING OF THE TOWN PLAZA WITH THE
HELP OF FATHER SANCHEZ ENHANCES THE BEAUTY AS JOKINGLY
REMARKED THAT IT COULD “ RIVAL THE BEST IN EUROPE”
17. VII. RIZAL AS A TEACHER
• HIS EXILE I DAPITAN GAVE HIM THE OPPORTUNITY TO PUT INTO PRACTICE HIS EDUCATIONAL
IDEAS.
• IN 1983 HE ESTABLISHED A SCHOOL WHICH EXISTED UNTIL THE END OF HIS EXILE IN JULY 1896.
• IT BEGAN WITH THREE PUPILS AND IN THE COURSE OF TIME THE ENROLLMENT INCREASED TO 16
AND LATER 21.
• THESE PUPILS DID NOT PAY ANY TUITION. INSTEAD OF CHARGING THEM, HE MADE THEM WORK IN
HIS GARDEN, FIELDS, AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE COMMUNITY.
• RIZAL TAUGHT THESE BOYS READING, WRITING, LANGUAGES (SPANISH AND ENGLISH),
GEOGRAPHY, MATHEMATICS ARITHMETICAND GEOMETRY, INDUSTRIAL WORK, NATURE STUDY,
MORALS AND GYMNASTICS
• OUTSIDE THE CLASS HOURS, RIZAL ENCOURAGED THEM TO PLAY GAMES. THEY HAD GYMNASTICS,
BOXING, WRESTLING, STONE-THROWING, SWIMMING, ARNIS (NATIVE FENCING), AND BOATING.
18. VIII. CONTRIBUTIONS TO
SCIENCE
• DURING HIS FOUR-YEAR EXILE
IN DAPITAN, RIZAL BUILT UP A
RICH COLLECTION OF
CONCOLOGY WHICH
CONSISTED OF 346 SHELLS
REPRESENTING 203 SPECIES.
• RARE SPECIMENS WERE
DISCOVERED AND NAMED
AFTER HIM. AMONG THESE
WERE:
DRACO RIZALI
APOGONIA RIZALI
RHACOPHORUS RIZALI
19. IX. LINGUISTIC STUDIES
• A BORN LINGUIST, RIZAL CONTINUED HIS STUDIES OF LANGUAGES. IN
DAPITAN,HE LEARNED THE BISAYA, SUBANON, AND MALAY LANGUAGES.
• ON APRIL 5, 1896, HIS LAST YEAR OF EXILE IN DAPITAN, HE WROTE TO
BLUEMENTRITT: “ I KNOW ALREADY BISAYAN AND I SPEAK IT QUITE WELL.
• BY THIS TIME, RIZAL COULD RANK WITH THE WORLDS GREAT LINGUISTS. HE
KNEW 22 LANGUAGES, AS FOLLOWS: TAGALOG, ILOKANO, BISAYAN,
SUBANON, LATIN, GREEK, ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, ARABIC, MALAY,
HEBREW, SANSKRIT, DUTCH, CATALAN, ITALIAN, CHINESE, JAPANESE,
PORTUGUESE, SWEDISH, AND RUSSIAN.
20. X. Artistic Works in Dapitan
• As an artist, he contributed his painting skills to
the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private
chapel.
• In 1894 he modeled a statuette representing the
mother-dog killing the crocodile by way of
avenging her lost puppy and called it “The
Mother’s Revenge”.
• Other sculptural works of Rizal in Dapitan were a
bust of Father Guerrico (one of his Ateneo
professors), a statue of a girl called ”The
Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken (his wife), and a bust of St. Paul which he
gave to Father Pastells.
THE MOTHER’S REVENGE
THE DAPITAN GIRL
21. XI. Rizal as Farmer
• In Dapitan, Rizal bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay, where he built
his home, school, and hospital and planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane,
coconuts and fruits trees. Later, the total and holdings reached 70
hectares containing 6,000 hemp plants, 1000 coconut trees, and
numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao.
• He introduced modern agricultural methods to Dapitan farmers and
imported agricultural machinery from the United States.
22. XII. Rizal as Businessman
• Rizal engaged in business in partnership with Ramon Carreon on May 14,
1893, a Dapitan Merchant which has a profitable business ventures in fishing,
copra, and hemp industries. In a letter to Hidalgo, dated January 19, 1893, he
expressed his plan to improve the fishing industry in Dapitan and instructed
Hidalgo to help him buy a big net for trawl fishing (putukan) and send him two
good Calamba fisherman who could teach the Dapitan folks better methods
of fishing.
• One of his profitable business venture was the hemp industry. To break the
Chinese Monopoly on business in Dapitan Rizal organized on January 1, 1895
the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers and according to its
constitution, its purpose were “to improve the farm products, obtain better
outlets for them, collect funds for their purchase and workers by establishing a
store where in they can buy prime commodities at moderate prices.
23. XIII. Rizal’s Inventive Ability
• Rizal was also an inventor and to
remember that in 1887 while
practicing medicine in Calamba, he
invented a cigarette lighter which he
sent to Blumentritt and called it
“sulpukan” made of wood and its
mechanism is based on the principle of
compressed air.
• In dapitan, he invented a wooden
machine for making bricks. This
machine could manufacture about
6,000 bricks daily.
SULPUKAN
24. XIV. Rizal and Josephine Bracken
• In the silent house of the night after a day’s
hard work, Rizal was often sad. He needed
somebody to cheer him up in his lonely exile.
• In God’s own time this “somebody” came to
Dapitan. She was Josephine Bracken an Irish
girl. Irish parents James Bracken, a corporal
in the British garrison, and Elizabeth Jane
Macbride which died during her childbirth
and so Josephine was an adopted daughter
by Mr. George Taufer who later became
blind.
• No ophthalmic specialist in Hong Kong could
cure Mr. Taufer’s blindness and so Mr. Taufer
and Josephine seek the service of the
famous ophthalmic surgeon, Dr. Rizal.
25. Josephine, Josephine
Who to these shore have come
Looking for a nest, a home
Like a wandering swallow;
If your fate is taking you
To Japan, China or Shanghai,
Don’t forget on these shores
A heart for you beats high.
Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first sight. After a whirlwind
romance of one month, they agreed to marry. When Mr. Traufer heard of their
projected marriage, he flared un in violent rage trying to commit suicide but Rizal
prevented him from killing himself. Mr. Traufer returned alone in Hong Kong and
Josephine stayed in Manila with Rizal’s family. They lived as man and wife. Rizal and
Josephine lived happily in Dapitan and for him Dapitan was a heaven bliss.
Rizal wrote a poem for Josephine which runs as follows:
26. In the early part of 1896 Rizal and Josephine was expecting
a baby but unfortunately she prematurely gave birth to an
eight month old baby boy who lived only for three hours.
27. XV. Rizal and the Katipunan
• While Rizal was mourning in the loss of his son, ominous clouds of revolution
darkened the Philippine skies. Andre Bonifacio, the “Great Plebeian,” was
showing the seeds of an armed uprising. The secret revolutionary society
called Katipunan which he founded on July 7, 1892 was gaining more and
more adherents.
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela was the emissary to Dapitan to inform Rizal of the plan of
the Katipunan to launch a revolution for freedom sake. Rizal objected to
Bonifacio’s project to plunge the country in bloody revolution for two reasons:
(1) the people are not ready for the revolution (2) arms and funds must
be collected before raising the cry of the revolution.
28. XVI. Volunteers as Military Doctor in Cuba
• Rizal wrote to Gov. General Ramon Blanco on December
1895 offering his services as a military doctor in Cuba.
• Great was Rizal’s joy in receiving the news from
Malacanang that at last, he was free! Once more he can
travel to Europe and then to Cuba. From this, he wrote a
heart-warming poem “El Canto del Viajero” (The Song
of the Traveler).
29. XVII. Adios Dapitan
On July 31, 1896, Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan Came to an end. At midnight
of that date, he embarked on board the steamer España. Almost all Dapitan folks,
young and old, were at the shore to bid him goodbye. Many wept especially the
other pupils who were poor to accompany their beloved teacher to Manila. Rizal
gazed for the last time on Dapitan waving in farewell salute to its kind and
hospitable folks and with a crying heart filled with tears of nostalgic memories.
He sadly went to his cabin and wrote in his diary: “I have been in that district four
years, thirteen days, and a few hours”.
“ I have always loved my poor country, and I am sure that I shall
love her until death, if by chance men are unjust to me; and I shall enjoy
the happy life, contented in the thought that all I have suffered, my past,
my present and my future, my life, my loves, my pleasures, I have
sacrificed all of these for love of her. Happen what may ,I shall die blessing
her and desiring the dawn of her redemption.”
31. • RIZAL’S WARM FRIEND, DR. BLUMENTRITT,
WROTE HIM FROM BOHEMIA, ABOUT AN
EPIDEMIC OF YELLOW FEVER IN CUBA AND
THE PATHETIC LACK OF DOCTORS TO
ATTEND THE SICK.
• RIZAL KEPT ASKING GOVERNOR GENERAL
BLANCO FOR PERMISSION TO GO TO
CUBA.
• WHEN HE LEAST EXPECTED IT, THE
NOTICECAME THAT HE WAS TO BECOME A
VOLUNTEER PHYSICIAN IN CUBA
GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.
• HE WAS AGAIN A FREE MAN, AND AGAIN
HE WAS TO BECOME A WANDERER.
GOVERNOR GENERAL
RAMON BLANCO
32. • JOSE RIZAL LEFT DAPITAN ON THE MIDNIGHT OF JULY 31,
1896. THE ESPANA ARRIVED IN THE MANILA BAY EARLY
MORNING OF AUGUST 6, 1896. UNFORTUNATELYS RIZAL
DID NOT CATCH THE MAIL BOAT OF SPAIN.
• ON SEPTEMBER 3, 1896, BEARING LETTERS OF
INTRODUCTION FROM THE GOVERNOR GENERAL TO THE
SECRETARIES OF WAR AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN SPAIN,
JOSE RIZAL DEPARTED FOR BARCELONA ON BOARD THE
ISLA DE PANAY.
• FIFTEEN DAYS BEFORE HIS DEPARTURE THE KATIPUNAN
WAS BETRAYED.
• ON AUGUST 19, 1896, THE KATIPUNAN WAS
DISCOVERED BY FR. MARIANO GIL. MEMBERS AND
SUPPOSED MEMBERS OF THE KATIPUNAN WERE
ARRESTED AND TORTURED UNTIL THEY REVEALED THE
NAMES OF OTHER SUPPOSED MEMBERS.
• AT LEAST THERE WERE 4,377 PEOPLE ARRESTED.
BONIFACIO HIMSELF AND MOST OF THE LEADERS
ESCAPED TO SAFE HIDING PLACES.
ISLA DE PANAY
33. • WHEN ISLA DE PANAY DEPARTED FOR SPAIN REACHED
SINGAPORE, PEDRO B. ROXAS, A FILIPINO FELLOW
PASSENGER, AND CAPTAIN CAMUS, AN AGENT OF
TABACLARA, TRIED TO PERSUADE RIZAL TO STEP ASHORE
AND SAVE HIS LIFE. BUT RIZAL GAVE A ROUND NO FOR AN
ANSWER.
• THE SPECIAL MILITARY COURT SUMMONED RIZAL TO
APPEAR BEFORE THEM. WHEN THE ISLA DE PANAY
REACHED SUEZ, A CABLE AWAITED IT, ORDERING THE
IMMEDIATE ARREST OF JOSE RIZAL AND HIS RETURN TO
MANILA FOR TRIAL.
• ON NOVEMBER 3, 1896, RIZAL HEAVILY GUARDED,
REACHED MANILA AND WAS LOCKED IN FORT SANTIAGO.
• HIS BROTHER PACIANO WAS TORTURED WITH A SCREW
WHICH WAS TWISTED INTO HIS LEFT HAND, WHILE A PEN
WAS THRUST INTO HIS RIGHT HAND TO MAKE HIM SIGN A
STATEMENT THAT HIS BROTHER RIZAL HAD BEEN
CONNECTED WITH THE KATIPUNAN. PACIANO WOULD NOT
SIGN.
FORT SANTIAGO
PACIANO MERCADO
34. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
• AFTER FISHING AS MUCH EVIDENCE AS POSSIBLE, ON NOVEMBER 20, 1896, THE PRELIM
INVESTIGATION ON RIZAL BEGAN.
• DURING THE FIVE-DAY INVESTIGATION, RIZAL WAS INFORMED OF THE CHARGES AGAINST
HIM BEFORE THE JUDGE ADVOCATE COLONEL FRANCISCO OLIVE.
• HE WAS PUT INTO INTERROGATION WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF KNOWING WHO TESTIFIED
AGAINST HIM. PRESENTED BEFORE HIM WERE TWO KINDS OF EVIDENCES– DOCUMENTARY
AND TESTIMONIAL. THERE WERE 15 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES. THESE ARE FOLLOWS:
35. 1. A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce
2. A letter of Rizal to his family
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato
Areliano
4. A poem entitled Kundiman
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified
person
6. A Masonic document
7. A letter signed Dimasalang
8. A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified
committee
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the
Editor of the Hongkong Telegraph
10.A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal
11.A letter of Rizal Segundo
12.A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A.
Tenluz 13.Transcript of a speech of Pingkian
14.Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik
15.A poem by Laong Laan
36. • TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCES ON THE OTHER HAND WERE COMPRISED OF ORAL
PROOFS
• DOMINGUEZ, THE JUDGE ADVOCATE TRANSMITTED THE RECORDS TO DON
NICOLAS DE LA PENA, THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL, FOR AN OPINION. PENA’S
RECOMMENDATIONS WERE:
1. RIZAL MUST BE IMMEDIATELY SENT TO TRIAL
2. HE MUST BE HELD IN PRISON UNDER NECESSARY SECURITY
3. HIS PROPERTIES MUST BE ISSUED WITH ORDER OF ATTACHMENT, AND AS
INDEMNITY, RIZAL HAD TO PAY ONE MILLION PESOS
4. INSTEAD OF A CIVILIAN LAWYER, ONLY AN ARMY OFFICER IS ALLOWED TO
DEFEND RIZAL
37. • RIZAL CHOSE LT. LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE AS HIS
LAWYER. THE SAID LIEUTENANT WAS THE BROTHER OF LT.
JOSE TAVIEL ANDRADE WHO WORKED AS RIZAL’S
PERSONAL BODY GUARD IN CALAMBA IN 1887.
• ON THE 11TH OF DECEMBER 1896, IN THE PRESENCE OF
HIS SPANISH COUNSEL. CHARGES OF RIZAL WERE READ.
• ON DECEMBER 15, INSIDE HIS CELL AT FORT SANTIAGO,
RIZAL WROTE THE CONTROVERSIAL MANIFESTO
ADDRESSED TO HIS FELLOWMEN– A LETTER
DENOUNCING BLOODY STRUGGLE AND PROMOTING
EDUCATION AND INDUSTRY AS THE BEST MEANS TO
ACQUIRE INDEPENDENCE.HOWEVER, THE MANIFESTO BE
PROHIBITED TO BE PUBLISHED.
LT. LUIS TAVIEL DE
ANDRADE
38. • DECEMBER 26, ABOUT 8 O’CLOCK IN THE MORNING, THE COURT MARTIAL OF RIZAL
COMMENCED.
• UNLIKE OTHER ACCUSED, RIZAL WAS NOT ALLOWED TO KNOW THE PEOPLE WHO
WITNESSED AGAINST HIM.
• AFTER JUDGE ADVOCATE DOMINGUEZ OPENED THE TRIAL, IT WAS FOLLOWED BY ATTY.
ALCOCER’S REITERATION OF THE CHARGES AGAINST RIZAL, URGING THE COURT THAT
THE LATTER BE PUNISHED WITH DEATH.
• ACCORDINGLY, THE 3 CRIMES ACCUSED TO HIM WERE REBELLION, SEDITION, AND
ILLEGAL ASSOCIATION– THE PENALTY FOR THE FIRST TWO BEING LIFE IMPRISONMENT
TO DEATH, WHILE THE LAST, CORRECTIONAL IMPRISONMENT AND A CHARGE OF 325 TO
3,250 PESETAS.
39. • RIZAL READ HIS OWN DEFENSE WHICH
HE WROTE IN HIS CELL IN FORT
SANTIAGO. ACCORDING TO RIZAL,
THERE ARE 12 POINTS TO PROVE HIS
INNOCENCE:
1. as testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion
2. he had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan
comprising revolutionary elements
3. without his knowledge, his name was used by the
Katipunan; if he really was guilty, he could have escaped
while he was in Singapore
4. if he was guilty, he should have left the country while in
exile; he shouldn’t have built a home, bought a parcel of
land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
5. if he was really the leader of the revolution, the
revolutionists should have consulted him.
6. he did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga
Filipina, but to make things clear, the organization was a
civic association, not a revolutionary society.
7. after the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished
because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
8. if the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no
idea about it
9. if the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan
should not have been organized.
10.if the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter
atmosphere, it was because in 1890 his family was being
persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties
and deportation of all his brothers-in-law.
11.he lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-
military commanders and missionary priests in the
province could attest to that.
12.if according to witnesses the speech he delivered at
Doroteo Ongjunco’s house had inspired the revolution,
then he want to confront these persons. If he really was
for the revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an
unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan? It is so because all
his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.
40. • BUT THE MILITARY COURT REMAINED INDIFFERENT TO THE PLEADS
OF RIZAL, AFTER A SHORT DELIBERATION, HE WAS SENTENCED TO BE
SHOT IN MUSKETRY UNTIL DEATH AT 7 O’CLOCK IN THE MORNING
OF DECEMBER 30, 1896 AT BAGUMBAYAN.
• CAPT. RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ AT 6 O’CLOCK IN THE MORNING OF
DECEMBER 29, 1896, READ BEFORE RIZAL THE OFFICIAL NOTICE OF
HIS EXECUTION, SCHEDULED THE NEXT DAY. RIZAL WAS
IMMEDIATELY TRANSFERRED TO THE PRISON CHAPEL WHERE HE
SPENT HIS LAST HOURS ON EARTH.
• INSIDE THE CHAPEL, RIZAL BUSIED HIMSELF BY WRITING TO HIS
FRIENDS AND FAMILY, BIDDING EVERYONE FAREWELL; AND
CONVERSING WITH HIS JESUIT PRIESTS FRIENDS. HE HAD A LOT OF
VISITORS.
• WHEN TRINIDAD CAME, HE SAID, “I WANT YOU TO HAVE MY
ALCOHOL LAMP”. THEN HE ADDED IN ENGLISH “ THERE IS
SOMETHING INSIDE.
• RIZAL’S MOTHER AND SISTERS FOUND FOLDED PAPER CONTAINING
HIS POEMS PENNED IN ANY LANGUAGE.
ALCOHOL LAMP THAT
CONCEALED RIZAL'S
MI ULTIMO ADIOS
41. • AT 3:30 IN THE MORNING OF DECEMBER 30, 1896, FR. BALAGUER LEAD A MASS RIZAL, ONCE AGAIN,
MADE A CONFESSION AND RECEIVED COMMUNION.
• AT 5:00 AM, HE ATE HIS LAST BREAKFAST AND AUTOGRAPHED SOME MEMORABILIA.
• RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN WAS CANONICALLY BLESSED AS HUSBAND AND WIFE BY FR.
BALAGUER.
• FOR THE LAST TIME, HE WROTE A LETTER TO HIS PARENTS, BLUMENTRITT, AND PACIANO.
• BY 6:30 AM, RIZAL MARCHED TO BAGUMBAYAN. HE IN HIS BLACK SUIT, BLACK NECKTIE, BLACK HAT,
BLACK SHOES, AND WHITE VEST.
• RIZAL REFUSED TO BE BLINDFOLDED AND INSISTING TO FACE HIS EXECUTIONERS, BUT THIS WAS
DENIED. RIZAL WAS WILLING TO SHOW THAT HE WAS NO TRAITOR AND THAT HE IS READY TO DIE
FOR HIS COUNTRY.
• A PHYSICIAN BY THE NAME OF DR. FELIPE RUIZ CASTILLO, WAS AMAZED THAT RIZAL’S VITAL SIGNS
WERE NORMAL, PARTICULARLY HIS PULSE RATE.
42. • Upon hearing the squad commander’s
shout of “Fuego (Fire),” Rizal turned to
face the firing squad.
• Rizal fell face up and was able to see
the dawn breaking before he uttered
in his final breath: “Consummatum est
(It is finished).”
ACTUAL PICTURE OF
RIZAL'S EXECUTION
43. “MAKE IT JUST, HONORABLE, AND TRUE SO
THAT ITS OPINIONS MAY BE RESPECTED. WE
CAN WIN OUR CAUSE BY SPEAKING THE TRUTH
BECAUSE RIGHT AND JUSTICE ARE ON OUR
SIDE. WE STRUGGLE, NOT FOR OURSELVES BUT
FOR THE SACRED RIGHTS OF MANKIND. WE
DESIRE NOT BLOOD, WE HAVE NO HATRED.
WHAT HAVE WE TO FEAR?”
-JOSE RIZAL
