3. Physical and
Mechanical Barriers
• Noise
• Poor lighting
• Time and
distance
• Defect in
medium
• Excessive
message
• Disturbance in
privacy
• Less message
Semantic Barriers
• Different
comprehension
of reality
• Use of multiple
meaning words
• Wrong
interpretations
• Unclear
assumptions
• Use of idioms
and phrases
Organisational
barriers
• Long scalar
chain
• Policies and rules
• Lack of
communication
devices and
material
• Poor spatial
arrangements
• Line and staff
relationship
Socio-psychological
barriers
• Behaviour
attitudes
• Emotions/mood
• Status
consciousness
• Close mind
• Poor attention
• Poor retention
• Forecasting
before time
• Distrust
• Source of
information
• Selfishness
5. Sender –oriented barriers….1
Concrete ideas and well
structured message
Correct choice of medium/
channel
Simple words and accurate
understanding of intention
Badly
expressed
message
Loss in
Trans-
mission
Semantic
problem
6. Sender –oriented barriers….2
Quantum of information
should be right
Avoid I-attitude
Mind, free of bias
Over/
under
commu-
nication
I-
attitude
Prejudices
8. Receiver –oriented barriers….2
Develop interest
Clarify, confirm with
feedback
Encourage juniors to come
up with ideas and listen
Interests
and
attitudes
Conflict-
ing
inform-
ation
Differing
status and
position
12. Noise
• Any interference that occurs
in a signal and prevents
receiver from hearing sounds
properly. It may be a physical
sound or a mental
disturbance.
• Two categories:
• Physical
• Psychological
14. Noise
• Psychological Noise-
Receiver might be distracted by
psychological noise. Outward
manifestations of this disturbance
would be in the form of-
• Restless tapping on the table
• Looking in other directions
• Shifting restlessly
• Changing positions
15. Noise
Types Causative
factors
Remedies
Physical Disturbances and
distractions in
environment.
Ensuring that
all channels
are clear and
free of noise.
Psycho-
logical
Mental
turbulence, etc. as
discussed on
previous slide
Entering into
Question/ Answer
sessions, securing
advice, etc.
20. • Pepsi's "Come alive with the
Pepsi Generation" translated
into "Pepsi brings your
ancestors back from the
grave", in Chinese.
21. Semantic problems
• Problems arising from expression
or transmission of meaning in
communication are called
semantic problems.
• The sender has to take care that
the receiver does not
misunderstood his message, and
gets the intended meaning.
23. Cultural barriers
• The same category of words,
phrases, symbols, actions and
colours mean different things to
people of different countries/
cultural backgrounds.
• Eg. In US call by first names
In India call by last names.
27. Socio-psychological barriers
• Attitude and opinion
• Place in society
• Status-consciousness in hierarchical
structure of organisation
• Relations with peer, senior, junior
• Family background
31. Selective perception
• Receivers selectively see and hear
depending upon their needs,
background, motivations, experience
and other personal characteristics.
• While decoding the messages, most of
the receivers protect their own
interests and expectations into
process of communication leading to a
particular kind of feedback that may
become a communication problem.
33. Filtering
• The sender of a message
manipulates information in such
a way that it will be seen more
favourably by the receiver.
• When there are more vertical
levels in the organisation, more
chances are there for filtering.
37. Poor Retention
• People are also likely to forget
messages reaching them.
• There arises the necessity to
repeat the message and use
more than one medium to
communicate the same
message.
40. Poor listening
• Many people are interested in talking, and
mostly talking about themselves.
• Few actually practise patient, active and
empathic listening.
Poor
Listening
Incomplete
Information
Poor
retention
Undesirable
result
42. Goal Conflicts
• Clashes of the goals of various
units and sub-units of an
organisation lead to
communication breakdowns.
• Communication should serve as
a conflict-reduction exercise.
44. Offensive style of communication
• If manager sends a message in
such a way that the workers/
juniors become defensive their
relations get strained and
communication suffers.
• Necessary for management to
adopt a persuasive style of
communication.
48. Loss by transmission
Communication often suffers/
gets diluted when message
pass from person to person in
a series of transmission. They
get diluted on the way.
50. 1. Overcoming
perceptional
barriers
2. Effective listening
3. Create synergistic
environment
4. Convey emotional
contents of the
message
5. Use appropriate
language
6. Use proper channel
7. Encourage open
communication
8. Ensure two-way
communication
9. Make best use of
body language