Increasing technology in medial field. Capsule endoscopy is an example for the development.

1. TELEMETRY WIRELESS
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPE

2. TELEMETRY WIRELESS CAPSULE ENDOSCOPE
• Introduction
• Medical uses
• Electronics involved
• Working
• Advantages

3. INTRODUCTION
Endoscopy:
•Endoscopy means looking inside and typically
refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons
using an endoscope, an instrument used to examine
the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body.

4. INTRODUCTION
Capsule Endoscopy:
•Capsule endoscopy is a way to record images of the
digestive tract for use in medicine.
•The capsule is the size and shape of a pill and
contains a tiny camera.
•After a patient swallows the capsule, it takes
pictures of the inside of the gastrointestinal tract.
•The primary use of capsule endoscopy is to examine
areas of the small intestine that cannot be seen by
other types of endoscopy.

5. INTRODUCTION

6. MEDICAL USES
• Unexplained bleeding,
• Unexplained iron deficiency,
• Unexplained abdominal pain,
• Polyps, ulcers and tumors of small intestine,
• Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's
disease etc.

7. ELECTRONICS
INVOLVED
The capsule is equipped with:
•Sensor interfaces,
•LED’s
•Camera lens,
•Signal conditioning,
•Microprocessor core,
•Digital signal processing (DSP) and
•Wireless transmission technology.

8. ELECTRONICS
INVOLVED
• The major component of this device is a (2.6 cm x
1.1 cm in length and only 4 grams in weight)
disposable capsule which contains a miniature
metal oxide semiconductor imager, light emitting
diode illuminators, and a transmitter with
antenna.
• It is made of specially sealed biocompatible
material that is resistant and impervious to the
stomach acid.
• Microminiaturization has been facilitated by
replacing the ordinarily power hungry charge
coupled vision sensing semiconductors with lower
power complementary metal oxide
semiconductors.

9. ELECTRONICS
INVOLVED
• Telemetry capsule
includes
transmitting and
receiving
antennas, a
demodulator,
decoder, four
LEDs, and CMOS
image sensor,
along with their
driving circuits.

10. WORKING
• The telemetric capsule system represents a
wireless, cable-free endoscopic imaging device that
is swallowed, and then travels through the
gastrointestinal tract.
• It takes 50,000+ color images and transmits these
colour images to a small recorder unit, located on a
belt worn by the patient's waist using
radiofrequency to receiving antennas.
• The images are then transferred to a data storage
component worn on a belt pack. Several wires are
placed on the abdomen like ECG leads and are
connected to the worn data recorder.
• Computer software translates the images into a
video, allowing gastroenterologists to see the
entire length of the small intestine and making it
easier for them to diagnose abnormalities.

11. WORKING
• The receiver demodulates the received signal
radiated from the external control unit.
• Next, the decoder receives the stream of control
signals and interprets five of the binary digits as
an address code.
• Thereafter, the remaining signal is interpreted as
four bits of binary data.
• Consequently, the proposed telemetry module can
demodulate external signals so as to control the
behavior of the camera and four LEDs during the
transmission of video images.

12. WORKING
• The capsule sends digitized information via radio
link to the body mounted antenna pickups
connected to the belt mounted data recorder.
• The proposed telemetry capsule can
simultaneously transmit a video signal and receive
a control signal determining the behavior of the
capsule itself.

13. WORKING
• After the capsule has traversed the colon, the
patient returns the data recorder to the physician's
office where it is connected to its workstation
computer then the data are downloaded, viewed
and analyzed then transformed into a digital
movie for interpretation by the physician.
• The data are processed into a visual format of still
photos and streaming video presented with time
and location information.

14. ADVANTAGES
• Improved imaging of small intestine,
• Replaces traditional endoscopy which is a long
and thick tube,
• Small in size,
• Yields from 38 to 83%,
• Reduces risk of retention.