For Biology Period 4. Found in Chapter 47 of your book. Go Pythons!

1. Chapter 47 Table 1 Period 4 Ecosystems

7. Two Types of Food Webs Chapter 47 Producers (photosynthesizers) Energy Input: Energy Input: herbivores carnivores decomposers decomposers detritivores Energy Output Energy Output energy losses as metabolic heat & as net export from ecosystem Producers (photosynthesizers) decomposers detritivores Transfers: Transfers: energy in organic wastes, remains Grazing Food Web Detrital Food Web Producers (Photosynthesizers) Producers (Photosynthesizers) Herbivores Carnivores Decomposers Decomposers Detritivores

19. biogeochemical cycle Main nutrient reservoirs in the environment fraction of nutrient available to ecosystem primary producers herbivores, carnivores, parasites detritivores, decomposers

22. Overview of Hydrologic Cycle Atmosphere Ocean Land evaporation from ocean 425,000 precipitation into ocean 385,000 evaporation from land plants (evapotranspiration) 71,000 precipitation onto land 111,000 wind-driven water vapor 40,000 surface and groundwater flow 40,000 Figure 47-15 Page 853

23. EVAPORATION PRECIPITATION TRANSPIRATION dripping, trickling down along stems falling through to ground interception by plants surface pooling, etc. infiltration of soil moisture in soil seepage, percolation groundwater storage DEEP OUTFLOW overland flow lateral flow base flow STREAM OUTFLOW Fig. 47-16, p.853

25. Groundwater Overdraft and Pollution

28. Carbon Cycle - Marine incorporation into sediments diffusion between atmosphere and ocean bicarbonate and carbonate in ocean water marine food webs marine sediments combustion of fossil fuels death, sedimentation uplifting sedimentation photosynthesis aerobic respiration

29. Carbon Cycle - Land photosynthesis aerobic respiration terrestrial rocks soil water land food webs atmosphere peat, fossil fuels combustion of wood sedimentation volcanic action death, burial, compaction over geologic time leaching, runoff weathering combustion of fossil fuels

39. Overview of Nitrogen Cycle gaseous nitrogen (N 2 ) in atmosphere NO 3 - in soil nitrogen fixation by industry fertilizers NH 3 - ,NH 4 + in soil 1. Nitrification leaching uptake by autotrophs excretion, death, decomposition uptake by autotrophs nitrogen fixation leaching ammonification 2. Nitrification dentrification nitrogenous wastes, remains NO 2 - in soil food webs on land

42. Overview of Phosphorus Cycle guano fertilizer terrestrial rocks land food webs dissolved in seawater marine food webs marine sediments excretion weathering mining agriculture uptake by producers death, decomposition sedimentation settling out leaching, runoff weathering uplifting over geologic time dissolved in soil water, lakes, rivers uptake by autotrophs death, decomposition