PSYPACT- Practicing Over State Lines May 2024.pptx
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1. Department of Horticulture,
School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,
BBAU, Lucknow-226025
Presented By:
Braj Kishor
Naveen Verma
M.Sc (Ag) Horticulture
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BARHAL
2. BARHAL
Botanical name:- Artocarpus lakoocha
Family:- Moraceae
Chromosome number:- 2n=56
Origin:- South East Asia
Fruit type:- Sorosis
Edible part:-Bracts
And perianth
3. Barhal (Artocarpus lakoocha) is one such very important
species. It is a perennial tree species indigenous to India and
an important alternative agro-forestry species having
potential of increasing resilience of agricultural production
system through crop diversification.
Artocarpus lakoocha is known as “Monkey Jack’’ in
English and by various names viz. Lakoocha, Lakooch,
Lakoochi, Badhal, Dhau, Dahua and Dephal in Hindi and
associated dialects. Lakoocha has multiple names in
Sanskrit like Airawata, Amlaka, Dahu, Dridhavalkala and
Granthimatphala which points towards the native status of
the tree species to India.
4. ORIGIN & DISTRIBUTION
Lakoocha is a native of sub-himalayan humid regions of India
and grows up to an altitiude of 1200 above MSL (Dwivedi et al.,
2011).
The centre of origin of Monkey Jack is India (Hossain et al.,
2016). It is a tropical tree species and widely distributed in the
tropical countries like India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh as well as
Himalayan countries of the Indian subcontinent.
It is also of common distribution in South East Asian countries
viz. Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore etc.
The tree has not been reported outside its native range indicating
very specific climatic requirements for its growth.
In India, the tree is widely distributed in the peninsular tropical
region, Western Ghats and Eastern and North-Eastern sub-
tropical states.
It is of common occurrence in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
5. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Barhal is a medium or large deciduous or evergreen tree. The
deciduous period is very short in Eastern India and generally
commences in February and ends in early March. The deciduous
period has been reported to be absent in the lakoocha trees of Western
Ghats and hence it displays evergreen growing habit (Krishnamurthy
and Sarala, 2013).
It can grow up to 15 m in height and makes a handsome ornamental.
The crown is usually well spread and hence it makes an excellent
shade and avenue tree. The leaves are oblong, acute, alternate, 10-25
cm long, glossy green on upper side when young and rough when old
and leathery.
6.
7. NUTRITIONAL PROFILE
Lakoocha is a very important species from nutrition point of
view. It has been reported to be rich in vitamin C, ß-carotene and
micronutrients like zinc, manganese, copper and iron (Jahan et
al., 2011).
Iron deficiency is widespread in children and woman in India.
Therefore, it can play crucial role in alleviation of malnutrition
arising due to deficiency of vitamins and micronutrients.
As a fodder, the leaves have a crude protein content ranging
from 122 to 131 g/kg and the crude fiber content was found to
range from 171 to 202 g/kg.
Further presence of significant amounts of phosphorous,
potassium, magnesium, sulphur, manganese, iron, copper, zinc
and boron makes the leaves a highly nutritive fodder for the
livestock (Pandey and Nosberger, 1985)
8. CULTIVATION
• Dheu trees are occasionally planted for their fruits, but not
on orchard scale. As it is likely to be used mainly by
individual farmers planting a few trees on their farms, more
elaborate methods of planting and maintenance than those
used for routine plantations may be justified.
• Growth in early years is rather slow, and decreases with the
altitude.
• The fruits ripens between late June and august in most
localities, but there are considerable variations are advisable
9. • When ripe the fruits begin to turn yellowish. The trees are
lopped for fodder, and the fruit has a market value.
• As a rough guide one tree yields about 80 kg of fruit and
about 6000 seeds.
• The seeds is recalcitrant, losing its viability within a few
days.
• The flesh should be removed from the seeds immediately
before they are sown.
• Fresh seed has a germination percentage of about 80 %.
10. POLLINATION
• Lakoocha is a tropical and sub-tropical deciduous tree with
a very small deciduous period. The deciduous period
commence in the early February and by beginning of the
March it is completed.
• The tree starts to flower from late February to Mid March.
Most female flowers are fertilized by the end of March,
although variability is also there in flowering and
fertilization time.
• The pollination is through insects and seeds are dispersed
mainly by birds.
• Lakoocha tree starts bearing between 3 and 5 years after
planting. The propagation is through seeds which are highly
recalcitrant and lose viability in 3-7 days.
11. UTILIZATION
The fruit is much used for culinary purposes in India.
In north India, unripe fruits are used in making a
pickle on home as well as on commercial scale.
The dried slices are used in meat and fish curries,
particularly in west India.
These slices impart a very special flavour to the
curries
