SCIENCE PPT ON CARBON COMPOUND FOR 10th

3.  Carbon belongs to the group IV of
the periodic table.
 It has four electrons in its outermost
orbit, so its valency is four.
 Carbon is a non-metal.

4.  The number of carbon compounds is larger
than that of all other elements put together.

5.  Because carbon is
chemically unique.
 Only carbon atoms
have the ability to
combine with
themselves to form
long chains

6.  A long chain, in turn, provides a convenient
backbone of atoms to which other atoms can
attach themselves in a variety of ways

7.  In nature, pure carbon occur in two forms-
 Diamond
 Graphite

8.  Allotropes are elements which are chemically
identical, but they differ markedly in their
physical properties.
 Diamond and Graphite – two allotropes of
carbon differ in their physical properties.

9. PropertyProperty DiamondDiamond GraphiteGraphite
AppearanceAppearance TransparentTransparent Black, ShinyBlack, Shiny
HardnessHardness Very HardVery Hard Soft, slippery toSoft, slippery to
touchtouch
ThermalThermal
ConductivityConductivity
Very poorVery poor moderatemoderate
ElectricalElectrical
ConductivityConductivity
PoorPoor Good conductorGood conductor
Density(kg/m3)Density(kg/m3) 35103510 22502250
UsesUses Jewellery, drillingJewellery, drilling Dry cell, electricDry cell, electric
arc, lubricant,arc, lubricant,
pencil leadpencil lead

10.  These results of thes experiments answer this question:
 On heating diamond or graphite in the air, they burn
completely to form carbon dioxide.
 Equal quantities of diamond and graphite when burned,
produce exactly the same amount of carbon dioxide.

11.  Due to the difference in the arrangement of
carbon atoms in diamond and graphite

12.  Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and
hydrogen.
The natural source of
hydrocarbons is
petroleum (crude oil)

13. Methane CH4
A molecule of
methane has four
hydrogen atoms
linked to one central
atom of carbon.

14. S
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15.  The hydrocarbons methane, ethane propane
and butane form a series of carbon
compounds known as alkanes
 The alkane series can be represented by the
general formula

16.  Compounds having the same molecular formulae
but different structural arrangement of atoms in
them are known as isomers, and the phenomenon is
known as isomerism
Isomers of Butane –
Obtained by rearranging
the carbon and the
hydrogen atoms

17.  Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain a double
or triple bond between two carbon atoms.
 The one with double bond are called alkenes

19.  Unsaturated hydrocarbons which contain
triple bond between two carbon atoms.