General information about various development programme in fisheries in india after independence.

1. WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF ANIMAL AND FISHERY
SCIENCES
FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCES
DIFFERENT PROGRAMMES IN FISHERIES
SUBMITTED BY :
Abdul Hannan mondal
M. F. Sc. 1st Yr 1st
Sem.
2020-2021
SUBMITTED TO:
Prof. Biswarup Saha
DEPT. OF FEX

2. Introduction
Fishing in last century mainly is capture
fishery using indigenous craft
Indian Fisheries Act" in 1897. For
development and conservation of
fisheries
organised research and development
with the establishment of CIFRI,
CMFRI, CIFA , CIBA, CIFE, CIFT ,etc
Concerted efforts for
the development of
the fisheries of the
country were initiated
only when we became
independent in 1947.
The Five Year Plans initiated to
strengthen the economic condition
and development of fisheries.

3. History of indian fisheries
Fisheries research in India was laid by some early
naturalists, zoologists, botanists, worked in England and
European countries like E.g. earlier Dr. Francis Day, Cuvier,
Bloch ,J. Mcceland. Later K.C.Jayaram, T.V.R. Pillay, A.G.
Menon, Sir Fredrick Nicholson.
The H.M.S Challenger Expedition in 1860-70 triggered
interest in marine resource surveys in the Indian seas.

4. CONT...
Pre-eminent Centre for research on
fish, fisheries , marine biology and
research of the fauna in the country.
Purpose: Animal taxonomy and
conservation
Headquarters: Kolkata
ZSI ( zoological
survey of India )
July 1, 1916
Indian Fisheries
Act - 1897
responsibility of development and
conservation of fisheries in the inland and
the territorial waters
WHY THIS ACT ? The last 106 years have
witnessed a huge change in fisheries
research, education, extension and
development, and there is an imperative
need for set out a new Fisheries Act.

5. ACTION FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FISHERIES
RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
• Dr. Baini Prashad , the Director of the ZSI in 1943,
stressed the need for the establishment of fisheries
institutions in India.
• under whose advice the Central Marine Fisheries
Research Station( CMFRI) was established on February 3,
1947 at kochin.
March 17, 1947, the Central Inland Fisheries Research Station
(CIFRI) was established at Barrackpore, West Bengal.
In 1961 , 'the Centre was elevated to an Institute as the
Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT).at kochin ,
kerala

6. The Central Institute of
Fisheries Education
(CIFE) was established
in 1961 at Mumbai and
was elevated to the
status of a Deemed
University on 1989.
CMFRI, CIFRI and CIFT
were transferred in
1967, from the Ministry
of Agriculture to the
ICAR - Indian Council of
Agricultural Research.

7. DIFFERENT PROGRAMMES IN
FISHERIES

8. Some brilliant , shining programme in
Indian fisheries history after 1950
1) Induced breeding :
• The Artificial Process By Means Of Which The Extract Of The
Pituitary Is Introduced Inside The Body Of Both The Matured Male
And Female Fishes being excited.
This Process Of Breeding Is Also Known As
Hypophysation.
• Major cultivated species Catla, Rohu, Marigal, Silver Carp,
Grass Carp, and Common Carp are breed by artificially
• This was a major breakthrough which gave a bounce in freshwater
aquaculture.
• The first successful induced breeding on major carps was done by Dr.
Hiralal Choudhuri 1957 on Cirrhinus mrigala, C. reba, & Labeo rohita

9. • 2. Composite Fish Culture :
• Another important area of research in freshwater
aquaculture was composite fish culture, i.e. the culture of
compatible combinations of Indian and Chinese carps.
Research on composite fish culture has give excellent results;
from the traditional culture methods.
• producing about 600 kg/ha/
year, it has been possible to
exceed 10 t/ha/year by this
culture system
• The research and develop
ment of experimental fish
farm CIFA was so
supportive as to result in an
explosive growth of
freshwater fish culture.

10. 3. Integrated fish farming :
For increasing productivity and better economic returns,
research was initiated on integrated fish-farming involving
crop-livestock fish-prawns in various combination . The
operations, though highly location-specific, it gives good
economic returns. Polyculture of combinations of carps and
non-carp species also showed high yields and good
economic returns.

11. 4. RESEARCH ON FISH GENETICS :
• India is one of the few countries that have taken a lead in
research on fish and shellfish genetics. Until the early
1970s, fish culture remained largely empirical and
artisanal.
• Then onwards, research in fish genetics started receiving
greater attention for the purposes of upgrading the quality
of cultivated species like Indian major carps for enhanced
productivity, and the conservation and management of
genetic diversity in natural stocks.
• The National Bureau ofFish Genetic Resources (NBFGR),
Lucknow, was established to focus on fish genetic
resources of the country.

12. 5. RECENT TECHNIQUES :
• Techniques For Enhancing Aquaculture Productivity :
a) Monosex culture of fish has the advantage of growing one
sex with faster growth rate and good meat quality.
b) Chromosomal manipulation: Chromosome sets can be
manipulated in externally fertilising fishes to produce
gynogenetic , androgenetic and polyploid individuals.
c) Hybridization.
d) Transgenic fish : Research on transgenic fish is being
conducted at MKU, Madurai. At MKU, transgenic zebra fish,
rohu and Magur have been produced.
e) CRYOPRESERVATION : Storage of fish milt, eggs and embryos
without loss of viability.

13. 6. Disease Control Programme :
• During the 1980s and 1990s, fish culture in most
parts of India were seriously affected by Epizootic
Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS), where the fish developed
lesions on the body.
• CIFA, Bhubaneswar developed a medicine "Cifax®" to
control the disease. The Institute was also able to
suggest water quality standards to prevent the spread
of the disease .
• Vaccines are being developed using RFLP (Restriction
Fragment Length Polymorphism) and PCR techniques.
Research on immune response of Indian major carps
to Aphanomyces invadens, the fungal pathogen of
EUS is ongoing.

14. 7. FISHING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT :
• Research on appropriate design of fishing crafts and gear was
initiated from the very inception of the CIFT.
• After 1970 Various cost effective, fuel efficient, eco-friendly,
durable fishing craft are designed and protective measures
against bio-deterioration of wooden fishing vessels have been
developed and are in use.
8. FISHING GEAR DEVELOPMENT :
• Research on fishing gear has led to innovative concepts and
designs for multipurpose gear such as the high opening trawl,
high-speed demersal trawl, hybrid trawl.
• During 20 th century , More research has gone into the
development of by-catch reduction devices (TED).
• CIFT has also developed a new durable lobster trap which is
widely used.

15. 9. FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT :
• Research on utilization of fish products has been high on
the agenda as fishery by-products and application in
several fields. A major thrust in this area was the
development of many innovative programmes.
• like chitin chitosan, glucosamine hydrochloride, processed
shark cartilage.etc.
• The Institute CIFT has developed software for Hazard
Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), a modem tool for
implementation of quality assurance and safety in the
seafood processing industry.

16. • 10) FAO Pelagic Fisheries Project
• This internationally aided programme was
aimed at estimating mainly the pelagic fishery
resources along the neritic and oceanic waters
using pelagic fishing gear and acoustics from
the FAO Research Vessel named Rastrelliger, an
all-weather boat.
• A considerable amount of research went into
standardizing acoustic procedures. This was the
first time in the tropical seas that such an
innovative acoustic survey programme to
estimate fish stocks and fishery resources was
attempted.

17. Why I discuss accdn 5 year develpoment
plan wise?
• When India gained independence its economy was groveling
in dust.
• The British had left the Indian Economy crippled and hence
the fathers of development formulated the five year plan to
develop the Indian Economy.
• Among many of development programme, fishery
development is one of them in 5 year plan programme.
• Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralized and integrated
national economic programs.
• The five year plans of India are framed, executed and
monitored by The Planning Commission Of India.
• The draft of the first five year plan was published in July 1951
and was approved in December 1951.

18. Cont .....
• Joseph Stalin implemented the first FYP in the Soviet
Union in the late 1920s.
• Most communist states and several capitalist
countries subsequently have adopted them.
• First Five Year Plan - 1951-1956
• Second Five Year Plan- 1956-1961
• Third Plan -1961–1966
• Fourth Plan – 1969-1974
• Fifth Plan – 1974-1979
• Sixth Plan -1980- 1985
• Seventh Plan -1985-1990 and go on ....
• I would like to discuss those development since 1950
to today year wise like 1951 to 1961 accdnly.

19. 1951-1961
• During the first two Five Year Plans, emphasis on the
marine fisheries sector was on the mechanisation of
indigenous crafts, introduction of mechanised
fishing boats, improvements of fishing gears,
establishment of infrastructure facilities such as
processing plants, ice plants, cold storages, and
landing and berthing facilities.
• These programmes, backed by the discovery of rich
fishing grounds in the inshore waters, paved the way
for the establishment of a seafood export industry.
• In the inland fisheries sector, prospects of culture of
freshwater fishes, spawn and fry,production received
greater attention.

20. 1961-1966
• In the subsequent Plan periods, the above programmes
were continued with greater emphasis on introduction
of mechanised fishing boats and adoption of synthetic
materials for the fishing gears, establishment of
facilities such as landing and berthing of boats,
processing, transportation and marketing.Research on
various aspects of marine fisheries and exploration of
their resources were intensified. Increasing demand for
fish and fishery products in the foreign markets gave a
stimulation for the export trade.

21. 1969-1974
• During this year a beginning was made in deep-sea fishing
through import of trawlers as well as their indigenous
construction.
• successful development of induced breeding and rearing
techniques as well as improved methods of spawn and fry
collections.
• In the inland fishery sector, projects on freshwater fish
culture, composite fish culture, culture of air breathing
fishes, frogs, etc. form the main activities.
• On the developmental side, intensive culture is being widely
propagated through the formation of Fish Farmers
Development Agencies( FFDA, BFDA) and establishment of
seed production centres.

22. • CONT..
• Development of technologies of culture of selected
varieties of fishes, prawns, shell fishes and seaweeds of
commercial importance has formed an important activity of
marine fishery research.
• fishing industry of the country backed by progressive
increase of export of marine products has also shown
considerable expansion.
• A number of additional idustries such as boat building, net
making, marine diesel engine manufacture, etc. are also
established.
The developmental measures taken up during 1947-77 , thus
helped the country to build up a modern fishing industry
with a significant role .

23. Reorganisation of the Fisheries Research
Institutes under the Indian Council Of
Agricultural Research(ICAR) in 1987
• In the name of strengthening and streamlining
research, education, extension and training
activities of the fisheries institutes under ICAR,
a major reorganisation was undertaken
in1987. In this process, the erstwhile institutes
were realigned and the following institutes
were set up, named as
• CIFRI,CMFRI,CIFT,CIFA,CIFE, CIBA,NBFGR

24. potential of about 4.5 lakh tonnes of inland and brackish water fish, it
was proposed to reach a production level of 2.7 lakh tonnes .
Steps would be taken for construction of suitable hatcheries ,training
of fish farmers, make of adequate infrastructure such as feed mills,
aquaculture implements etc.
1990- 97
Expected that in this year increase employment to 14,000 shrimp
and fish farmers.
motorization of traditional craft and introduction of intermediate
craft.
Suitable infrastructure for processing of this fish would also be
developed.

25. Management and maintenance of fishing harbors, landing and
berthing facilities, harbor facility would be developed.
The welfare of fisherman would continue to receive priority
attention. A new programme savings-cum-relief would be
introduced.
The main thrust would be on increasing employment
opportunities and sustained fish production by adopting an
integrated approach.
Export of marine products is expected to reach a level of about 2.5
lakh tonns.
Fish production target for Eighth Plan (1992-97) is fixed at 5.5
million tons

26. (1997-2002) as NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
• DEVELOPMENT OF FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE:
• new pond construction, improvent of fish seed, feed etc.
INTEGRATED COASTAL AQUACULTURE :
area of 5000 ha were developed for shrimp culture across India.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE FISHERY SECTOR:
Motorization of traditional craft :
50% of the cost of engine would be provided as subsidy etc

27. FISHING HARBOUR FACILITIES AT MAJOR AND MINOR PORTS:
infrastructural facilitiesPort Trusts for construction of fishing
harbours at major ports.navigation facilities etc.
WELFARE PROGRAMMES FOR FISHERS :
DVF, GAI( scheme for active fisherman), SCR

28. PROPOSED PROGRAMMES/SCHEMES
DURING(2002-07 )THE TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

30. THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF GROWTH
IN MARINE SECTOR

31. ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN( 2007-2012)

32. PROJECTED BUDGETARY
REQUIREMENTS IN THE XI PLAN

33. Management in marine fisheries in
this year 2007-12
Sustain Production Increase Production
Responsible fishing Deep sea/Oceanic fishing
Restriction on fishing effort Utilization of discards and
bycatches
Restriction on fishing area Value addition
Restriction on fishing gear FADs
Enforcement of FMRA Sea ranching
Shift from open to right
based access
Alternatives (sea farming)

34. ACHIEVEMENTS
A. Development of Marine Fisheries :
I. Motorization of traditional craft,
II. Safety of fishermen at sea,
III. Introduction of intermediate craft of improved design including
prototype study of new intermediate vessel design,
IV. Establishment and operation of Vessel Monitoring System,
V. Promotion of fuel efficient and environment-friendly fishing practices,
VI. Management of marine fisheries.
B. Development of Infrastructure and Post Harvest Operations
I. Establishment of fishing harbours and fish landing centres,
II. Strengthening of post-harvest infrastructure,
III. Assistance for maintenance dredging of fishing harbours and fish
landing centres.

35. TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2012-2017)
• OBJECTIVES :
1. The total fish production is targeted at 11.58 mmt
by the end of the Twelfth Plan Period (2016-17). To
achieve this growth, it is estimated that the sector
would require Rs. 6 000 crores for the Twelfth Plan
period.
2. Enhancing production of fish on an environmentally
sustainable and socially equitable basis;
3. Ensuring optimum exploitation of fisheries
resources in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone in
a manner consistent with the principles of
ecologically sustainable development;

36. 4. Conserving aquatic resources and genetic diversity
and preservation of health of ecosystems while
ensuring bio-security;
5. Maximizing net economic returns to the fishers and
fish farmers through technological support and
implementing efficient and cost –effective aquaculture
and fisheries management practices;
6. Strengthening infrastructure in harvest, post-harvest,
value-addition and marketing;
7. Increasing the per capita availability and consumption
of fish to about 11kg/capita/annum;
8. Augmenting export of fish and fish products;
9. Securing and increasing employment opportunities in
the sector;

37. 10. Improving safety and labour conditions in
fisheries and aquaculture;
11. Uplifting the social and economic conditions of
fishers and fish farmers and ensuring their
welfare; and
12. Improving overall governance and management
of fisheries sector in the country through
institutional strengthening and human resource
development.

38. DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE :Construction
expansion Modernization of FHs and FLCs,Developing fish
preservation and storage infrastructure
DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE FISHERIES : Motorization of traditional
craft and Use of sail in motorized boats ,Conversion of trawlers to
resource specific fishing vessels , Development of Monitoring,
Control and Surveillance system for marine fisheries and
Mariculture .
DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC FISH MARKETING Modernization
of wholesale fish markets , retail markets, Establishment
of ice plants. Campaign for promotion of fish products and
increased consumption of fish and fish products and value
added products.

39. DEVELOPMENT OF INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
Conservation/protection of breeding grounds,Habitat
improvements in identified water bodies for stock enhancement,
maintaining brood stock populations and genetic
biodiversity.riverine fisheries development. Etc.
NATIONAL SCHEME FOR WELFARE OF FISHERMEN AND
FISHERWOMEN:
Model fisherman village programme , insurance and saving cum relief
fund.

40. Various approaches taken in year 2012 to
2017 for sustainable fisheries
1. Treating fisheries and aquaculture at par with agriculture;
2. Leasing of inland natural and manmade waters such as rivers,
reservoirs, floodplain lakes, etc for fisheries and aquaculture
purposes;
3. Conservation and habitat restoration of inland water bodies,
4. Introduction of exotic aquatic species;
5. Insurance for aquaculture and capture fisheries’ assets such
as boats, nets, etc;
6. Reducing pollution load in inland water bodies;
7. Deep sea fishing;
8. Leasing of coastal waters for mariculture purpose;
9. Occupational safety and health aspects of fishers;
10. Strengthening of fisheries cooperative societies;
11. Human resource development in fisheries sector;

41. Fish Production over the Plan Periods - India

42. Fish Seed
Production

43. Percentage Contribution Of India To
World Fish Production, Selected Years

44. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
The purpose : Responsible practices ,ensuring the effective
conservation, management and development of living aquatic
resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity.
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries was adopted in
October 1995.
The Code sets out principles and international standards of
behavior for responsible practices

45. FISH PRODUCTION– SELECTED YEARS

46. SOME RECENT PROGRAMMES IN
INDIAN FISHERIES

47. PMSSY-Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
Yojana
Objectives and aims :
(a) Harnessing of fisheries potential in a sustainable, responsible,
inclusive and equitable manner.
(b) Enhancing of fish production and productivity through
expansion, intensification, diversification and productive
utilization of land and water.
(c) Modernizing and strengthening of value chain - post-harvest
management and quality improvement.
(d) Doubling fishers and fish farmers incomes and generation of
employment.
(e) Enhancing contribution to Agriculture GVA and exports.
(f) Social, physical and economic security for fishers and fish
farmers.
(g) Robust fisheries management and regulatory framework

48. • MAJOR IMPACT, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION POTENTIAL :
This scheme sets an ambitious targets.
(a) The fish production is likely to be enhanced from 13.75
million metric tons (2018-19) to 22 million metric tons by
2024-25.
(b) A sustained average annual growth of about 9% in fish
production is expected.
d) Enhancement of productivity in aquaculture from the
present national average of 3 tonnes to about 5 tonnes per
hectare.
e) Reduction of post-harvest losses from the reported 20-25%
to about 10%.
f) Doubling of incomes of fishers and fish farmers and
Generation of about 15 lakhs direct gainful employment
opportunities.
g) Encouragement of private investment and facilitation of
growth of entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector.

49. • LIST OF ACTIVITIES
1. ENHANCEMENT OF PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY:
i. Development of Inland Fisheries And Aquaculture
ii. Development of marine fisheries including mariculture and
seaweed cultivation
iii. Development of ornamental and recreational fisheries
2. INFRASTRUCTURE AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT :
i. Post harvest and cold chain infrastructure
ii. Markets and marketing infrastructure
iii. Development of deep sea fishing
iv. Aquatic health management .
v. 3) Fisheries management and regulatory framework like
Monitoring, Control and Surveillance in fisheires department
.

50. Aqua One Center (An ICT Enabled Aquaculture
Support Service)
• The Aqua One Center (AOC), an Information &
Communication Technology (ICT) Enabled Aquaculture
Support Service, will disseminate proven technologies and
innovations and facilitate their wider adoption by
registered fish farmers thereby facilitating the sector’s
overall growth.
• Objectives :
1. Establishing an aquaculture technology delivery system.
2. Setting up Aquaculture units chosen by beneficiaries.
3. Training beneficiaries in the know-how and better
management practices.
4. Up-scaling innovative and proven technologies through
dissemination.

51. • ICT Enabled Aquaculture Support Service :
1. Provide technologies for Pond Culture, Cage Culture in
Reservoirs, Culture-based Capture Fisheries in
Wetlands, Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS),
Integrated Farming etc.
2. Better Management Practices (BMPs) including inputs
management.
3. Data collection and management.
4. Setup Water Quality and Disease Diagnostic
Laboratory.
5. Provide advisory services with respect to life-cycle of
species cultured, water quality, growth, health
management, disease diagnosis, surveillance, etc.
6. Establish an e-traceability system.

52. • Project Implementation :
1. The AOCs will be managed under the technical guidance of
the National Fisheries Development Board.
2. NFDB would provide financial assistance to establish AOCs.
• Benefits and Outcome:
1. Enrolment of network hatcheries, seed growers and farmers.
2. Supply of inputs like seed, feed & other inputs to farmers.
3. Pond management and monitoring that includes water quality
analysis, growth and health monitoring.
4. Facilitate identification and mitigation of issues/ problems faced
by hatcheries, seed growers and fish farmers at ground level,
and address new challenges .
5. There would be an overall increase in fish production and
productivity.

53. Aquaponics System
• Aquaponics is an integrated fish and plant production
technology, viz., ‘Aquaculture’ and ‘Hydroponics’.
• Totally organically farmed .it is relatively a new practice and it
has huge potential in india as shrinking resources .
• Objectives:
• in this system it is said that utilize only 2- 10%of water required in
crop production and have potential to produce 10 times output .
• by the use of less water , lesser area of land , less labour can make
his resonable profit and produce upto 5 times the quantity of fish
and good crops also.
• Aquaponics system can produce upto 5 times the quantity of fish
in same area per year beside a good crop vegetables.

54. Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure
Development Fund (FIDF)
To fill the large gaps in fisheries infrastructure, the
Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries,
Animal Husbandry and Dairying has set up a
dedicated Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure
Development Fund(FIDF).
FIDF look on in fisheries infrastructure facilities both in
marine and inland fisheries sectors under the Blue
Revolution.
Besides, the FIDF aims to achieve a sustainable growth
of 8- 9 per cent and increase the country’s fish
production to the level of about 20 million tonnes by
2022-23.

55. • OBJECTIVES :
1. Creation and modernization of capture & culture
fisheries infrastructure
2. Creation of Marine Aquaculture Infrastructure
3. Creation and modernization of Inland Fisheries
Infrastructure
4. Reduce post-harvest losses and improve domestic
marketing facilities through infrastructure support.
5. To bridge the resource gap and facilitate completion of
ongoing infrastructure projects.
• AREA OF OPERATION :
The Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure
Development Fund (FIDF) as detailed in the ensuing
paragraphs is implemented in all the States and Union
Territories of India.

56. • ELIGIBLE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES ( FIDF)
1. Establishment of Fishing Harbours,
2. Establishment of Fish Landing Centres
3. Infrastructure for Mariculture and Advanced Inland Fisheries (Ocean farming, Cage
Culture etc.)
4. Construction of Ice Plants (both for marine and inland fisheries)
5. Development of Cold Storages (both for marine and inland fisheries)
6. Fish Transport and Cold Chain Network Infrastructure
7. Development of Modern Fish Markets
8. Setting up of Brood Banks
9. Development of Hatcheries
10. Development of Aquaculture
11. Modernization of State Fish Seed Farms
12. Establishment of state of art Fisheries Training Centres
13. Fish Processing Units
14. Fish Feed Mills/Plants
15. Establishment of Cage culture in Reservoirs
16. Introduction of Deep Sea Fishing Vessels
17. Establishment of Disease Diagnostic Laboratories
18. Development of Mariculture
19. Establishment of Aquatic Quarantine Facilities
20. Any other innovative projects/activities designed to enhance fish
production/productivity/value

57. Seaweed Cultivation
• Seaweeds are also termed as the ‘Medical Food of the 21st Century’ as
they are being used as laxatives, for making pharmaceutical capsules, in
treatment of goiter, cancer, bone-replacement therapy and in
cardiovascular surgeries.
• Expected Outcomes :
1. Mass production of Spores: An approach to vigorous seed
development for commercial farming of Gracilaria edulis by CSIR-
CSMCRI MARS, Mandapam, Tamil Nadu.
2. Farming of Red Seaweed Gracilaria dura on Gujarat Coast for
promoting inclusive economic growth in coastal rural settings by CSIR-
CSMCRI, Gujarat, through participation of coastal fisher population.
3. Large-scale cultivation of commercially important seaweeds in the
coastal waters of maritime States would fill the demand-supply gap of
Agar and Alginate producing industry in the country

58. Sea Cage Farming
• The global mariculture production including the seaweeds is
about 54.0 million tonns, which constituted 53.4% of the
aquaculture production. Enhancing fish production from
inland sector has limited scope and the major portion of the
additional demand has to come from mariculture. The
relatively shallow inshore water along the vast coast line of
mainland and island territories offer scope for Sea Cage
Farming. However, sheltered areas such as bays, lagoons,
semiexposed and exposed coasts having less wave action are
preferable.
• Sea cage farming in India was initiated by CMFRI with
support from Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India and
National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB).

59. • Project Implementation:
I. Management of cages will be under the technical
guidance of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries
Research Institute (CMFRI).
II. The ‘Aqua One Centre’ would provide training on
fish and shellfish farming in cages besides
technical services to the beneficiaries.
III. Periodic evaluation of progress would be done by
CMFRI Project Monitoring Unit (PMU) for the
successful operation of the project.
IV. NFDB would provide financial assistance to the
States having marine resources for enabling an
institutional setup and development in a project-
mode.

60. Integrated Paddy-Cum-Fish Culture
• Integrated Paddy-cum-Fish Culture is a system of producing fish
in combination with paddy cultivation using the same
resources in the same unit area.
• Paddy-cum-Fish Culture is easy, cost-effective, sustainable and
environmental friendly. it can enhance farmers’ income and
provide nutritional security.
• Project Implementation :
1. Management of Paddy-cum-fish culture will be under the technical
guidance of the State Dept. of Fisheries.
2. The Major Components of the project will be established by the
Implementing Agency as a common facility and used by the
farmers on a shared basis.
3. NFDB would provide financial assistance to the States for the
development of paddycum-fish culture as a livelihood project.

61. Expected Socio-Economic Outcomes
• As the project sites are selected in regions where
agriculture is the main occupation of the residents
and their livelihood depends on paddy cultivation and
its yield, promoting fish culture by integrating it with
paddy cultivation will greatly enhance the yield and
production of both fish and paddy within the same
time and space.
• It will not only increase the farm yield, but will
contribute greatly towards nutritional security and
economic upliftment.
• The project will also act as a demonstration and
encourage other farmers in the village and the
neighbouring villages to take up similar activities.

62. Backyard Recirculation Aquaculture System
It is an intensive approach.Instead of the traditional method, in
this system fish are typically reared in indoor tanks in a
“controlled” environment. Re-circulating systems filter clean the
water for recycling it back through fish culture tanks.
Potential :
traditional methods can produce upto2–10 tonne/hectre/year but
this System produce up to 500 tonne fish per year in same area.
• Project Implementation:
1. Project will be implemented by the beneficiary with technical
support from the Designated Technology/Service Provider and
Dept. of Fisheries of the State Govt.
2. Financial assistance in the form of subsidy will be obtained from
Govt. (Central/State)or self-finance, bank loan, etc.
• Targeted Fish Species:
Monosex Tilapia, Pearlspot and Pangasius are suitable for
BackyardRAS.

63. NATIONAL INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
POLICY (2019)
• Objectives :
1. To optimam utilize and sustainably harness inland fisheries
and aquaculture resources and their effective management.
2. To increase fish production and productivity and enhance
incomes of fishers and fish farmers towards improving their
living standards and ushering economic prosperity.
3. To create additional gainful employment opportunities
through marketing, trade and export of globally competitive
fish and value added fish products.
4. To ensure food and nutritional security by increasing the per
capita availability of quality fish.
5. To conserve and manage native fish genetic stocks and
associated habitats of fisheries resources and ecosystem
services.

64. CONCLUSION
• So all we know the huge potential of indian
fishery , Fishery is linked up directly with us as
Bengalians we all like Mach-Vat.
• So as a fishery student and also a extension
student we should aware about how to
develop our knowledge and to assist people ,
farmer for change their livelihood along
fishery and enhancing production and profit .

65. REFERENCES
1.https://in.docworkspace.com/d/sABt8Ua6OgOEvkrWbnqenFA[File]0
10-JOURNAL_OF_BOMBAY_NATURAL_HISTORY_SOCEITY (1).pdf
2.https://in.docworkspace.com/d/sADFdd12OgOEvlb-
bnqenFA[File]fishery.pdf
3.https://in.docworkspace.com/d/sAPrbmz6OgOEvh5-
ynqenFA[File]Fisheries_research_and_development_in_India.pdf
4.https://in.docworkspace.com/d/sADdquGCOgOEvusObnqenFA[File]S
eaweed_Cultivation.pdf
5.Google Chrome
6. Wikipedia
7.https://in.docworkspace.com/d/sAPbmqHiOgOEvlKWynqenFA
8. https://www.slideshare.net/suvham/five-year-plans-in-fisheries-
darshana