Types of research and examples

1. Types of research
BRM –PART-01

2. Why Research
https://youtu.be/nrJA4KRp7yw

3. https://youtu.be/nrJA4KRp7yw

4. Research is loosely translated as a search for knowledge. The term research is
defined explicitly as a scientific and systematic approach to seeking pertinent
information regarding a particular topic. Therefore, research is an art of scientific
investigation whose aim is to get more information.
Types of Research:
• Basic Research
• Applied Research
• Descriptive Research
• Analytical Research
• Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research
• Conceptual Research
• Case study

5. Basic Research
• Basic research is performed without thought of practical ends. It
results in general knowledge and understanding of nature and its
laws. The general knowledge provides the means of answering a large
number of important practical problems, though it may not give a
complete specific answer to any one of them. The function of applied
research is to provide such complete answers. Concerned with
generalizations and with the formulations of a theory .
• It is intended to answer why, what or how questions and increase
understanding of fundamental principles. Basic research does not
have immediate commercial objectives and although it certainly
could, it may not necessarily result in an invention or a solution to a
practical problem.

6. Example of basic research
• A research to discover the components of the human DNA.
• Do stress levels make individuals more aggressive?
• A research on behavioral differences between children raised by
separated families and children raised by married parents.
• An investigation into the symptoms of Coronavirus.

7. Applied Research
• Applied research is designed to answer specific questions aimed at
solving practical problems. New knowledge acquired from applied
research has specific commercial objectives in the form of products,
procedures or services.
• Finding a solution to an immediate problem
• Research aimed to find social or political trends that may affect a
particular institution is an example of applied

8. Examples of Applied Research
• To improve workplace efficiency and organizational policies.
• To bridge skill gaps in the workplace.
• A study the way to improve a school's readiness for its students.
• A study to build students' interests in Mathematics.
• To improve agricultural crop production
• To improve workplace commitment by arriving at practical worker-
motivation strategies.

9. Descriptive Research
• Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes
the characteristics of the population or phenomenon studied. This
methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject
than the “why” of the research subject.
• It aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,
situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how
questions,
• Descriptive research is an appropriate choice when the research aim
is to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, and categories. but
not why questions.
• It is useful when not much is known yet about the topic or problem.
Before you can research why something happens, you need to
understand how, when and where it happens.

10. Example of Descriptive Research
• How has the Pune Real estate market changed over the past 20
years?
• Do customers of company X prefer product X or product Y?
• An apparel brand that wants to understand the fashion purchasing
trends among Pune city buyers
• A specialty food group launching a new range of barbecue rubs would
like to understand what flavors of rubs are favored by different
people.

11. Analytical Research
• Involves in-depth study and evaluation of available information in an
attempt to explain complex phenomenon
• The researcher has to use facts or information already available and
analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.
• Analytical research focuses on understanding the cause-effect relationships
between two or more variables.
• Analytical research is very important in many fields of study such as
psychology, marketing, medicine, and other areas and commonly
employed because it provides more definitive information in answering
research questions.
• Innovation is new match between needs/problems and solutions. So, one
may start with needs/problem and develop solution for it. Alternatively,
you develop new technology and look for its usage to address problems.

12. Examples of analytical Research
• Exploring why the value of the Japanese Yen has reduced against
major world currencies such as euro, U.S. dollar, and British pound.
This is because analytical research can better explain how and why
the currency has weakened against the major currencies in the
world.
• Change in Product cost by use particular technology
• Sales Increase or Decreased base on Product prize

13. Quantitative Research
A systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data
and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
Quantitative research collects information from existing and potential
customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys,
online polls, questionnaires, etc., the results of which can be depicted
in the form of numerical. After careful understanding of these numbers
to predict the future of a product or service and make changes
accordingly based on measurement of quantity or amount.
It is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding
of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights
into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential
quantitative research.

14. Examples of Quantitative Research
• To understand the amount of time a doctor takes to tend to a patient
when the patient walks into the hospital. A patient satisfaction survey
template can be administered to ask questions like how much time
did a doctor takes to see a patient, how often does a patient walks
into a hospital, and other such questions.
• A survey was conducted among teenagers to study the impact of the
usage of mobile phones on children.
• The offices of one city to study the number of hours spent by the
employees in the office.
• Organization wishes to conduct a survey on customer satisfaction for
particular product or services

15. Qualitative Research
• Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data
(e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or
experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or
generate new ideas for research. It is phenomena relating to quality or kind
like character, personality and mankind are examples of variables used to
measure qualitative research.
• The results of qualitative methods are more descriptive and the inferences
can be drawn quite easily from the data that is obtained.
• Qualitative research methods originated in the social and behavioral
sciences. Today our world is more complicated and it is difficult to
understand what people think and perceive. Online qualitative research
methods make it easier to understand that as it is more communicative
and descriptive.

16. Example Qualitative Research
• On successfully interviewing female customers, visiting the nearby stores
and malls, and selecting them through random sampling, it was known that
the store doesn’t have enough items for women and so there were fewer
women visiting the store, which was understood only by personally
interacting with them and understanding why they didn’t visit the store,
because there were more male products than female ones
• A market researcher could perform content analysis to find out what kind
of language is used in descriptions of therapeutic apps.
• A media researcher could use textual analysis to understand how news
coverage of celebrities has changed in the past decade.
• A political scientist could use discourse analysis to study how politicians
generate trust in election campaigns.

17. Case Study Research
• A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person,
group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon.
• A case study research design usually involves either qualitative
methods quantitative methods. Case studies are good for describing ,
comparing, evaluating and understanding different aspects of
a research problem. in social, educational, clinical, and business
research.

18. Example of Case Study Research
How are viral marketing strategies changing the
relationship between companies and consumers?
Case study of the iPhone X marketing campaign
What are the main advantages and disadvantages of
wind farms for rural communities?
Case studies of three rural wind farm development
projects in different parts of the country
How can teachers implement active learning
strategies in mixed-level classrooms?
Case study of a local school that promotes active
learning

20. Descriptive vs. Analytical Research
• Analytical research focuses on understanding the cause-effect relationships
between two or more variables. For example, statistics showing the
fluctuation of trade deficits between the United States and the rest of the
world during 2015-2018 comprises descriptive research. One may talk
about the mean or average trade deficit for a given time period. In
analytical research, the researcher tries to explain the reasons why and
how the trade deficit has moved in a specific direction within the given
time.
• Special statistics and statistical controls are needed to accomplish
meaningful analytical research endeavours. Another analytical research
example includes exploring why the value of the Japanese Yen has reduced
against major world currencies such as euro, U.S. dollar, and British pound.
This is because analytical research can better explain how and why the
currency has weakened against the major currencies in the world.

21. Basic vs Applied Research
BASIS FOR COMPARISON BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH
Meaning Basic Research refers to the
study that is aimed at
expanding the existing base
of scientific knowledge.
Applied Research is the
research that is designed to
solve specific practical
problems or answer certain
questions.
Nature Theoretical Practical
Utility Universal Limited
Concerned with Developing scientific
knowledge and predictions
Development of technology
and technique
Goal To add some knowledge to
the existing one.
To find out solution for the
problem at hand.

22. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Meaning Qualitative research is a method of
inquiry that develops understanding
on human and social sciences, to find
the way people think and feel.
Quantitative research is a research method that is
used to generate numerical data and hard facts, by
employing statistical, logical and mathematical
technique.
Nature Holistic Particularistic
Approach Subjective Objective
Data Verbal Measurable
Inquiry Process-oriented Result-oriented
Elements of analysis Words, pictures and objects Numerical data
Objective To explore and discover ideas used in
the ongoing processes.
To examine cause and effect relationship between
variables.
Methods Non-structured techniques like In-
depth interviews, group discussions
etc.
Structured techniques such as surveys,
questionnaires and observations.
Result Develops initial understanding Recommends final course of action

23. CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Conceptual research focuses on the concept
(abstract/ideas) or theory that explains the
In empirical research, data collection is done through
observation and
conducted in an analytical way. done through various observation and experiments.
theoretical approach of research. practical approach of research.
accuracy is less. accuracy is more.
may not be skilled and experienced. should be skilled and experienced.
Uses the existing data to develop new ideas or
concepts.
This type of research develops new concepts by
observation and experimentation.