This presentation gives you the complete information about Nobel prize winners of 2017 in MEDICINE or PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, PEACE, LITERATURE, ECONOMIC SCIENCES.

1. NOBEL PRIZE 2017

2. NOBEL PRIZE
The Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards
bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian
institutions in recognition of academic, cultural or scientific
advances.

3. The various fields in which it is
awarded..
• MEDICINE or PHYSIOLOGY
• CHEMISTRY
• PEACE
• LITERATURE
• ECONOMIC SCIENCES
• PHYSICS

4. WINNERS OF NOBEL
PRIZE 2017

11. ABOUT THE
WINNERSAND
THEIR DISCOVERIES

12. NOBEL PRIZE 2017 IN
MEDICINE or
PHYSIOLOGY
Michael Warren Young
Michael Morris Rosbash
Jeffrey Connor Hall

13. Nobel prize in medicine or physiology was given for
“the discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling
the circadian rhythm”.

14. ABOUT THE DISCOVERY..
The researchers played a key role in identifying the ways the cells in organisms regulate
the internal body clock - also known as the chronotype or circadian rhythm - which
determines when people feel most awake or most sleepy.
This is a Nobel Prize-winning discovery because it shows how biology regulates these
body clocks for living organisms ranging from fruit flies (which these researchers
originally worked with) to humans.
Chronobiologists, who study this kind of science, emphasize the importance of these
physical mechanisms because it's only after accepting body clocks as a biological fact
that you can fully appreciate how big a role they play in our health - having huge effects
on everything from cancer risk to mental health to obesity.
"Some people still think the body clock is something esoteric rather than a profoundly
biological function," chronobiologist Till Roenneberg wrote in his book " Internal Time:
Chronotype, Social Jet Lag, and Why You're So Tired ," in a section explaining some of
Robash's work with fruit flies.
Some think the biological clock is only an issue for "sensitive people," Roenneberg writes,
explaining why it's a common sentiment that it's possible for people to just change their
natural rhythms to fit a schedule that a job or school may require - even though we know
that biological clocks can only be changed to a limited degree, and for some people can't
really be shifted much at all.

16. Hall and Rosbash discovered that this gene played a role in causing
cells to produce what they named the "PER" protein, which
accumulated throughout the night before breaking down during the day.
They figured out that the period gene would cause the PER protein to
build up until it hit a high enough accumulation that it switched off the
period gene. Once protein levels degraded enough, the gene would
switch back on, coding for more protein production.
Young found a second clock gene in 1994, "timeless," which created a
protein that bound with the PER protein, giving it the ability to enter the
cell nucleus to then block activity. Another gene he discovered helped
regulate this process to basically match a 24-hour cycle (one day on
Earth).
Other aspects of biology help regulate this internal clock as well,
including hormones and other genes.
Light plays a crucial role, helping trigger phases of the body clock. It's
also the reason why we all have an internal clock in the first place.

17. Michael Warren Young
Michael Warren Young (born March 28, 1949
is an American biologist and geneticist.

18. EARLY LIFE
Michael W. Young was born in Miami, Florida.
His father worked for Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation
managing aluminum ingot sales for the south eastern
United States.
His mother worked for a law firm as a secretary. Despite no
history of science or medicine in either of their
backgrounds,
Young’s parents were supportive of his interest in
science and provided the means of scientific exploration
through microscopes and telescopes.

19. ACAEDEMICS
Young earned his undergraduate degree
in biology from University of Texas at Austin in 1971.
Completed his Ph. D. from the same university in 1975.
In 2004, Young was appointed Vice President for Academic
Affairs and was also granted the Richard and Jeanne
Fisher Chair.

20. Scientific career
• Discovery of PER(1980).
• Discovery of timeless(1994).
• Double-time phosphorylation(2001).
• Discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling the
circadian rhythm(2017).

21. Awards, position and
honor
• 1978: Andre and Bella Meyer Foundation fellowship.
• 2006: Pittendrigh/ Aschoff Award from the Society for Research on Biological
Rhythms
• 2007: Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology
• 2007: Member of National Academy of Sciences
• 2009: Gruber Prize in Neuroscience (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C. Hall)
• 2011: Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C. Hall)
• 2012: Massry Prize (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C. Hall)
• 2012: Canada Gairdner International Award (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C.
Hall)
• 2013: Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey
C. Hall)
• 2013: Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C.
Hall)
• 2017: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Michael Rosbash and Jeffrey C.
Hall

22. Michael Morris Rosbash
Michael Morris Rosbash (born March 7, 1944) is
an American geneticist and chronobiologist.
Rosbash is a professor at Brandeis University and
investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

23. EARLY LIFE
Michael Rosbash was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His
parents, Hilde and Alfred Rosbash, were Jewish refugees
who left Nazi Germany in 1938.
Initially, Rosbash was interested in mathematics but an
undergraduate biology course at the California Institute of
Technology (Caltech) and a summer of working in Norman
Davidson’s lab steered him towards biological research.
Rosbash graduated from Caltech in 1965 with a degree in
chemistry, obtained a doctoral degree in biophysics in 1970
from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under
Sheldon Penman.

24. RESEARCH
• Chronology of major discoveries
• 1984: Cloned the Drosophila period gene
• 1990: Proposed the Transcription Translation Negative
Feedback Loop[2] for circadian clocks
• 1998: Identified the Drosophila Clock Gene
• 1998: Identified the Drosophila Cycle Gene
• 1998: Identified cryptochrome as a Drosophila Circadian
Photoreceptor
• 1999: Identified LNV Neurons as the
Principal Drosophila Circadian Pacemaker

25. • mRNA research
• Discovery of circadian TTFL in Drosophila
• Discovery of Drosophila Clock Gene
• Discovery of Drosophila Cycle Gene
• Discovery of cryptochrome as
a Drosophila circadian photoreceptor
• LNV neurons as principal Drosophila circadian
pacemaker
• Discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling the
circadian rhythm(

26. Awards, position and
honor
• Director of the Brandeis National Center for Behavioral Genomics
• The Inaugural Peter Gruber Endowed Chair in Neuroscience
• Co-Founder and Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Hypnion,
Inc.
• Member, National Center for Sleep Disorders Advisory Panel of the NIH
• Member, Center for Biological Timing of the NSF
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator (1989–present)
• Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2007)
• Member, National Academy of Sciences (2003)
• Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1997)
• Guggenheim Fellow (1989–1990)[21]
• Helen Hay Whitney Fellow (1971–1974)[22]
• Fulbright Fellow (1965–1966

27. Jeffrey Connor Hall
Jeffrey Connor Hall (born May 3, 1945) is an
American geneticist and chronobiologist. Hall is Professor
Emeritus of Biology at Brandeis University and currently
resides in Cambridge, Maine.
He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences for
his revolutionary work in the field of chronobiology

28. Early life
Jeffrey Hall was born in Brooklyn, New York and raised in
the suburbs of Washington D.C., while his father worked as
a reporter for the Associated Press, covering the U.S.
Senate.
Hall's father, Joseph W. Hall,[6] greatly influenced him
especially by encouraging Hall to stay updated on recent
events in the daily newspaper.
Hall began pursuing a bachelor's degree at Amherst
College in 1963.

29. Research
• Drosophila courtship behavior
 Discovery of period connection
 Neurogenetics
• Circadian rhythm of period gene and protein
 Discovery of PER protein self regulation
 Discovery of synchronization between cells
 Refining the transcription-translation negative
feedback loop model.

30. Awards, position and
honor
o Genetics Society of America Medal (2003)
o Gruber Prize in Neuroscience(2009)
o Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (2011)
o Gairdner Foundation International Award (2012)
o Shaw Prize (2013)
o Wiley Prize (2013)
o Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2017)

31. NOBEL PRIZE 2017 IN CHEMISTRY
Joachim Frank
Richard Henderson
Jacques Dubochet

32. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded "for
developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-
resolution structure determination of biomolecules in
solution".

33. ABOUT THE
DISCOVERY
The first high-resolution structure, determined using cryo-EM, was presented in
1990. A decade passed before high-resolution structures of helical and
icosahedral particles were imaged, determined based on analysis of data
recorded on film. After the introduction of the new Direct Electron Detectors in
2012-13 and the first reports of de novo atomic structural models of smaller
single particles, such as that of the membrane protein TRPV1 ion channel (78),
cryo-EM has very rapidly become a major new tool in structural biology. It is
captivating to think about the amount of time that has passed before we could
get to this point. About six decades after John Kendrew's and Max Perutz's
pioneering crystallographic work on myoglobin and haemoglobin (Nobel Prize
for Chemistry in 1962 "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"),
and four decades after the first developments that laid the groundwork for
single-particle cryo-EM, a high-resolution structure of haemoglobin in solution,
determined using cryo-EM, was presented (39).

34. Cryo-electron tomography is used to determine structures of
even larger objects, including organelles and cells, with the
potential . The resolution progression of cryo-EM, illustrated by a
representation of glutamate dehydrogenase with an increasing
level of detail from left to right. For a protein of this size, 334
kDa, the 1.8 Å resolution to the right (38) could only be achieved
after 2012/13. After an image by V. Falconieri (see ref. 38Thus,
with the recent developments, cryo-EM extends the possible size
range for structure determination in solution, from cells and
organelles to molecular complexes, molecules and the atoms
that build these molecules. But cryo-EM is not only about static
structures. Because sample preparation for cryo-EM involves
instant cooling of a solution, the contents of the solution can be
systematically varied; integral membrane proteins may be
studied in a near-native environment; and the particles may be
trapped in structural sub-states or even in action, for example,
while an enzyme catalyses a chemical reaction

35. These recent developments will certainly be followed in
time by others, both in regard to technology and
applications. Perhaps in the future we will be able to obtain
high-resolution structural information of molecules, as well
as to observe interactions and dynamic processes as they
happen, inside cells or organelles.
This progress would not have been achieved without the
contributions of the Laureates. Jacques Dubochet
developed methods for preparation of samples for cryo-EM
studies of biomolecules in water. Joachim Frank developed
methods for structural determination of biomolecules from
analyses of ensembles of particles in solution. Richard
Henderson demonstrated that it is possible to obtain atomic
resolution structures of biomolecules using cryo-EM.

37. Joachim Frank
Joachim Frank (born 12 September 1940) is a German-
born American biophysicist at Columbia University, New
York City and a Nobel laureate

38. Early life and acaedemics
• Frank was born in Weidenau/Sieg. After completing his
Vordiplom (B.S.) degree in Physics at the University of
Freiburg (1963)[3] and his Diplom under Walter
Rollwagen’s mentorship at the Ludwig Maximilians
University of Munich with the thesis “Untersuchung der
Sekundärelektronen-Emission von Gold am
Schmelzpunkt”
• Frank obtained his Ph.D. from the Technical University of
Munich for graduate studies in Walter Hoppe’s lab at the
Max Planck Institut für Eiweiss- und Lederforschung in
Investigations of high-resolution electron micrographs
using image difference and reconstruction methods

39. Awards, positions and
honor
• 2006 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences
• 2006 Member of the National Academy of Sciences
• 2014 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science of
the Franklin Institute
• 2017 Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences
• 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

40. Richard Henderson
Richard Henderson FRS FMedSci (born 19 July
1945)[1] is a Scottish molecular biologist and
biophysicist and pioneer in the field of electron
microscopy of biological molecules.

41. Career
Henderson was educated at Boroughmuir High
School and Edinburgh University (B.Sc. Hons in Physics,
1st Class).
He completed his PhD research under the supervision
of David Blow at the Medical Research Council Laboratory
of Molecular Biology and received the degree
from Cambridge University in 1969.
Henderson worked on the structure and mechanism of
chymotrypsin for his Ph.D. with David Blow at the MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

42. Awards
• 1978 Awarded the William Bate Hardy Prize
• 1983 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
• 1984 Awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal by the Federation of European Biochemical
Societies
• 1998 Elected a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences
• 1981 Awarded the Ernst-Ruska Prize for Electron Microscopy
• 1991 Awarded the Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award
• 1993 Awarded the Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine
• 1998 Elected as a founder Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences[16]
• 1999 Awarded the Gregori Aminoff prize (together with Nigel Unwin)
• 2003 Hon. Fellow Corpus Christi College Cambridge
• 2003 Hon. Member British Biophysical Society[17]
• 2005 Awarded Distinguished Scientist Award and Fellow, Microscopy Society of America
• 2008 Hon. D.Sc. Edinburgh University
• 2016 Awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society[18]
• 2016 Awarded the Alexander Hollaender Award in Biophysics
• 2017 Awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Jacques Dubochet and Joachim
Frank "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure
determination of biomolecules in solution"

43. Jacques Dubochet
Jacques Dubochet (born 8 June 1942) is a
retired Swiss biophysicist.[2][3] He is a former researcher at
the European Molecular Biology
Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, and an honorary
professor of biophysics at the University of Lausanne in
Switzerland.

44. Life and career• Dubochet is a member of the Social Democratic Party of
Switzerland, and a member of the municipal parliament
of Morges, where he holds a seat on the supervisory
committee.
• Dubochet started to study physics at the École
polytechnique de l'Université de Lausanne (now École
polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) in 1962 and obtained
his degree in physical engineering in 1967.
• During his career, Jacques Dubochet developed
technologies in cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron
tomography and cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous
sections.These technologies are used to image individual
biological structures such as protein complexes or virus
particles.
• At Lausanne he took part in initiatives to make scientists
more aware of social issues.

45. Awards
• Nobel prize in chemistry 2017.

46. NOBEL PRIZE FOR
PEACE

47. ICAN received the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize "for its work to
draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian
consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for “its
ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based
prohibition of such weapons."

48. ABOUT THE MISSION
The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to the
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
(ICAN), an international advocacy group that helped bring
about the landmark 2017 United Nations nuclear weapons
ban treaty.
“The organization is receiving the award for its work to
draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian
consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its
ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based
prohibition of such weapons,”

49. ICAN is a coalition of nongovernmental organizations from more
than 100 different countries all working together to eradicate
nuclear weapons from the face of the earth. The group, which
today is based in Geneva, Switzerland, was founded
by another group of anti-nuclear activists, the International
Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.
That group — which itself won a Nobel Peace Prize back in
1985 — was a joint project launched by physicians from the
United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War whose
mission was to “[spread] authoritative information” and “[create]
an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic
warfare.” In 2007, they decided to launch a new campaign
specifically aimed at bringing about an international treaty
banning and eventually abolishing nuclear weapons around the
globe — and thus, ICAN was born.

50. As ICAN explains, the founders modeled their new organization on the
International Campaign to Ban Landmines — a group that a decade
earlier had worked to bring about an international treaty banning the
use of anti-personnel land mines globally. The idea was to bring
together like-minded activists and NGOs to try to do something similar
with nuclear weapons.
And they succeeded: On July 7, 2017, after two rounds of
negotiations, the United Nations General Assembly conference that
was in charge of the negotiations adopted the Treaty on the Prohibition
of Nuclear Weapons by a vote of 122 to 1, with one abstention. The
Netherlands was the only country involved in the conference to vote
against the treaty, while Singapore abstained from the vote.
The legally binding treaty “prohibits a full range of nuclear-weapon-
related activities, such as undertaking to develop, test, produce,
manufacture, acquire, possess or stockpile nuclear weapons or other
nuclear explosive devices, as well as the use or threat of use of these
weapons.”

52. ICAN
The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear
Weapons is a global civil society coalition working to
promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty
on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The campaign
helped bring about this treaty. ICAN was launched in 2007
and counts 468 partner organizations in 101 countries as of
2017.
The campaign received the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize "for its
work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian
consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its
ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based
prohibition of such weapons."

53. MISSION
ICAN seeks to shift the disarmament debate to focus on
the humanitarian threat posed by nuclear weapons,
drawing attention to their unique destructive capacity, their
catastrophic health and environmental consequences, their
indiscriminate targeting, the debilitating impact of a
detonation on medical infrastructure and relief measures,
and the long-lasting effects of radiation on the surrounding
area.
Founders of ICAN were inspired by the success of
the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, which was
pivotal in bringing about the negotiation of the anti-
personnel mine ban treaty in 1997. They sought to
establish a similar campaign model.

54. MEMBERSHIP AND
SUPPORT
• The ICAN is made up of 468 partner organizations in 101
countries.
• The campaign's staff team is located in Geneva, Switzerland,
from where it provides ongoing coordination and management
of the campaign.
• An International Steering Group oversees the campaign.
Current members of the International Steering Group include
the Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, Article
36, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear
War, Norwegian Peoples Aid, PAX, Peace Boat, the Latin
America Human Security Network (SEHLAC), Swedish
Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, and
the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

55. NOBELPRIZE2017INLITERATURE
Kazuo Ishiguro

56. The Swedish Academy awarded
Ishiguro the Nobel Prize in
Literature, describing him in its
citation as a writer "who, in novels
of great emotional force, has
uncovered the abyss beneath our
illusory sense of connection with the
world".

57. ABOUT THE NOVEL
Ishiguro’s novels are mostly first-person, and mostly told by
an unreliable narrator. They tend to revolve around a single
traumatic idea that the narrator is not entirely capable of
confronting head-on — that the narrator of Never Let Me
Go is a clone who will eventually donate all of her vital
organs to someone else; that the butler narrator
of The Remains of the Day has spent his life tending to a
Nazi — and which the book describes in anxious,
claustrophobic circles until the reader fully understands it.

58. Ishiguro’s novels have also faced some criticism from readers of
science fiction and fantasy, who argue that he borrows the
tropes of those genres without fully understanding how to use or
deconstruct them. Most famously, when Ishiguro worried aloud
that his readers might think 2015’s The Buried Giant was a
fantasy novel, science fiction legend Ursula Le Guin tartly
rejoined that reading his book “was like watching a man falling
from a high wire while he shouts to the audience, ‘Are they going
say I’m a tight-rope walker?’”
All criticism aside, there is nothing quite like the moment in an
Ishiguro novel in which the trauma that the narrator is
desperately trying to brush aside starts to become legible to the
reader, who all at once can grasp the enormous repressed pain
and heartbreak that — as the reader realizes for the first time —
has been running under the novel all along, like a paved-over
river

60. Kazuo Ishiguro
Kazuo Ishiguro born 8 November 1954 is a Nobel Prize-
winning British novelist, screenwriter, and short story writer.
Ishiguro is considered one of the most celebrated
contemporary fiction authors in the English-speaking world,
having received four Man Booker Prize nominations and
winning the 1989 award for his novel The Remains of the
Day.
In 2017, the Swedish Academy awarded Ishiguro the Nobel
Prize in Literature, describing him in its citation as a writer
"who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the
abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the
world".

61. Ishiguro is considered one of the most celebrated
contemporary fiction authors in the English-speaking world,
having received four Man Booker Prize nominations and
winning the 1989 award for his novel The Remains of the
Day. His 2005 novel, Never Let Me Go, was named
by Time as the best novel of 2005 and included in its list of
the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.

62. AWARDS
• 1982: Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize for A Pale View of Hills
• 1983: Published in the Granta Best Young British Novelists issue
• 1986: Whitbread Prize for An Artist of the Floating World
• 1989: Booker Prize for The Remains of the Day
• 1993: Published in the Granta Best Young British Novelists issue
• 1995: Officer of the Order of the British Empire
• 1998: Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
• 2005: Never Let Me Go named on Time magazine's list of the 100
greatest English language novels since the magazine's formation in
1923.
• 2008: The Times ranked Ishiguro 32nd on their list of "The 50
Greatest British Writers Since 1945".
• 2017: Nobel Prize in Literature.