The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".
Nobel prize 2017(MEDICINE or PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, PEACE, LITERATURE, ECONOM...Bhagyashree Srivastava
This presentation gives you the complete information about Nobel prize winners of 2017 in MEDICINE or PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, PEACE, LITERATURE, ECONOMIC SCIENCES.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1941 to 1950) – Part 5Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1941 to 1950. This is a fifth part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Noble Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Contribution of Physicists and Chemists in BiologyDhaval Bhatt
Biology is the science of living things. But the biology/life sciences we know now has its roots in physics and chemistry. For that, many physicist and chemists have contributed in the field.
Science Round up: James Watson BiographyAsharabIrfan
This is a Biography of James Watson's life.
This presentation contains the facts about James Watson's life, from where did he get his education, his awards, his family, the books he wrote and etc.
Nobel prize 2017(MEDICINE or PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, PEACE, LITERATURE, ECONOM...Bhagyashree Srivastava
This presentation gives you the complete information about Nobel prize winners of 2017 in MEDICINE or PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, PEACE, LITERATURE, ECONOMIC SCIENCES.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1941 to 1950) – Part 5Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1941 to 1950. This is a fifth part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Noble Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Contribution of Physicists and Chemists in BiologyDhaval Bhatt
Biology is the science of living things. But the biology/life sciences we know now has its roots in physics and chemistry. For that, many physicist and chemists have contributed in the field.
Science Round up: James Watson BiographyAsharabIrfan
This is a Biography of James Watson's life.
This presentation contains the facts about James Watson's life, from where did he get his education, his awards, his family, the books he wrote and etc.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1961 to 1970) – Part 7Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1961 to 1970. This is a seventh part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1951 to 1960) – Part 6Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1951 to 1960. This is a sixth part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Short biographies of 30 Women in Science, an expanded version of the Women in Science exhibit in the ISB Atrium at UMass Amherst, brought to you by the College of Natural Sciences Women in Science Initiative.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1971 to 1980) – Part 8Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1971 to 1980. This is a eighth part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1961 to 1970) – Part 7Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1961 to 1970. This is a seventh part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1951 to 1960) – Part 6Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1951 to 1960. This is a sixth part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
Short biographies of 30 Women in Science, an expanded version of the Women in Science exhibit in the ISB Atrium at UMass Amherst, brought to you by the College of Natural Sciences Women in Science Initiative.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1971 to 1980) – Part 8Edorium Journals
The presentation shows the Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine from 1971 to 1980. This is a eighth part of series of presentation. We will publish one presentation every week showing Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine in one decade.
http://www.edoriumjournals.com/
The Story of Har Gobind Khorana: First Indian Scientist to Win the Nobel Priz...The Lifesciences Magazine
The role of medicines can be described as “To cure sometimes, to heal often, and to comfort always”. India has a prolonged history of medicinal research in Ayurveda and physiology.
Similar to Nobel prize in medicine and physiology 2017 (20)
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Lateral Ventricles.pdf very easy good diagrams comprehensive
Nobel prize in medicine and physiology 2017
1. The 2017 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or
Medicine
PRESENTED TO :
Dr.Haiba Kaul
PRESENTED BY:
BINYAMIN BUTT
2015-DT-009
DAIRY
TECHNOLOGY
5TH SEMESTER
2. INTRODUCTION TO NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Nobel prize is named after ALFERED NOBEL.
• Born on 21st oct,1833 in Sweden’s city Stockholm.
• family business was bridge making.
• Born in engineers family.
• Nobel’s family Moved to Russia and used to make gun powder for Russia.
• Crimean war made his family millionaires.
• 17th years old Nobel was good in chemistry and many languages.
• 1850 moved to U.S and then went to Paris to meet Askania who was inventor of nitro-
glycerine.
• Nitro-glycerine was powerful than gun powder.
3. INTRODUCTION TO NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Due to highly explosive and uncontrolled
nature it was bad to use as military weapon.
• Nobel with his family moved back to
Sweden.
• Where Nobel with father and brother
worked on nitro-glycerine.
• On 3rd Sep,1864. Nitro-glycerine exploded
and killed his brother.
• Nobel’s Father refused to work more with
him.
• Sweden’s Government banned Labs inside of
city.
4. INTRODUCTION TO NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Alfred Nobel made new Lab and
at last after years Modified
nitro-glycerine.
• Nitro-glycerine & Silica proved
to be best Mixture and easily
handled.
• And patent name was chosen
Dynamite.
• Nobel built up Weapon Industry
in more than 20 countries.
• Dynamite Became cause of
many casualties in war.
• Nobel was named as
“MERCHHANT OF DEATH”
5. INTRODUCTION TO
NOBEL & NOBEL PRIZE
HISTORY
• Nobel refused to die with such
Horrible memories.
• Donated all of his 96% of wealth to
charity.
• Noble died on 10th Dec,1896.
• every year on 10TH December Nobel
Prizes are announce.
6. CASH PRIZE :
• Nobel Prise is worth of
$1 million U.S Dollars.
• Which is 1000 Lakh
Pakistani Rupees.
• All Nobel prizes are
awarded at Sweden
except Nobel peace
prize which is awarded
at Norway.
7. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine
•Winners
• 1. Jeffrey C. Hall
• 2.Michael Rosbash
• 3. Michael W. Young
WORK ON
Biological clocks or circadian rhythms.
8. Jeffrey C. Hall
• Born: 1945, New York, NY, USA
• Affiliation at the time of the
award: University of Maine, Maine, ME, USA
• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the
circadian rhythm"
• Prize share: 1/3
9. Michael Rosbash
Born: 1944, Kansas City, MO, USA
• Affiliation at the time of the award: Brandeis
University, Waltham, MA, USA, Howard Hughes
Medical Institute
• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian
rhythm"
• Prize share: 1/3
10. Michael W. Young
Born: 1949, Miami, FL, USA
• Affiliation at the time of the award: Rockefeller
University, New York, NY, USA
• Prize motivation: "for their discoveries of
molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian
rhythm"
• Prize share: 1/3
13. Identification of Circadian
rhythm system
• Circadian rhythm was observed in earlier times,
but there working was still a mystery.
• it was confusion that how it works, is it about
external signals or something endogenous?
• These Nobel prize winners found out the
mechanism that controls the machinery of
internal clocks.
14. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• At first it started with French de Mairan astronomer who observed
this Circadian rhythm in plants.
• He observed plants in dark for serval days and concluded leaves
followed Circadian rhythm.
• Humans also behaved same as internally.
• Mechanism observing was Started in fruits flee to prove this
thoroughly .
15. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• The Nobel prise was given to these as one whole because of their
achievement in detections of molecular mechanisms that regulate
circadian rhythms
• Many living things including humans have internal clocks that helps
them stay synced with the rotation of Earth
• you can see in flowers that open and close at specific time of the day
or animals that become more active at sunrise or sunset
• . All sorts of human bodily functions, from your metabolism to your
hormones, fluctuate over the course of a day according to this
internal timer.
16. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• In the 1980s and 1990s, though, these scientists isolated a series of
genes in fruit flies that started to clear things up
• Previous works had identified in fruit flies a gene named (PERIOD)
that seemed to throw their daily behavioural cycles out whack when
it was mutated.
• Main work of these were as , HALL, ROBACH and Young managed to
isolate and figure out the DNA sequence of this gene.
17. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• The genes encode a protein, called PER
• Hall and Rosbach found that PER builds up in every single cell at night
and then gets broken down during the day.
• Later they discovered a couple more fruits fly genes that help regulate
this daily PER cycle.
18. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• Young found a gene named (TIMELESS) that produces a protein that
binds with PER and lets it enter the cell nucleus, where all the DNA is
sorted.
• . Here the two proteins can interact with the period gene, stopping it
from producing more PER. Scientist call this a negative feedback loop,
where the output of a process causes the process itself to slow down
• Young also found a third gene called double-time that encodes a
protein that slow down the build-up of PER.
19. Identification of Circadian rhythm system
• By controlling the switch between PER production and breakdown,
(double-time) allows the timing of the feedback loop to adjust the
planet’s 24-hour cycle
• These clocks proteins tell all sorts of other genes in cells to dial their
activity up and down, which in turn effects what different organs are
doing in something’s whole body.
• The research to identify these genes may been done in fruits flies, but
the same process is at work with slightly different molecules in most
of organism -humans too.
21. Advantages of
this research
• This research has opened the
whole new world of circadian
biology
• That’s help us understand more
about our medical health.