2. Presentation#04
“Fire Resistance of Buildings”
Group Members:
1. Muhammad Irshad Khan
2. Bashir Ahmad
3. Muhammad Arsalan Khattak
Supervisor:
Dr. Khan Shahzada
5. Destruction due to Fire in Pakistan
Ghakkar plaza during fire Ghakkar plaza after fire
6. Problem Statement
• The destruction taken place in the above buildings
is due to inadequate fire designing, therefore,
investigation of fire resisting construction on
scientific basis is necessary.
7. Objectives
To improve the resistance of structure exposed to fire:
To find compressive strength of concrete made of
different types of aggregates at different
temperatures.
To show strength variation for concrete made of
same type of aggregates under different
temperatures.
9. Fire Protection Systems
TOTAL FIRE
PROTECTION SYSTEM
ACTIVE FIRE SYSTEM PASSIVE FIRE SYSTEM
1. Smokes detectors
2. Sprinklers
3. Fire alarms
1. Fire rated walls
2. Fire rated floors
3. Fire rated separations
10. Effects of Fire on Concrete
• Mechanical Properties: Deterioration of
mechanical properties most importantly the
loss of compressive strength and stiffness.
• Spalling: Forcible ejection of chunks of
concrete from the surface of the material.
Resulting in:
a. Reduction of the cross-section of a structural
member.
b. Exposing the reinforcement to the fire.
12. Factors Influencing Spalling
• Heating rate
• Heating exposure
• Section size
• Section shape
• Moisture content
• Permeability
• Age of concrete
• Compressive stress
• Type of aggregate
13. Techniques For Fire Resistance in
Buildings
Fire-Rated Walls/Fire Walls Fire Doors
A firewall is a fireproof barrier used to
prevent the spread of fire between or
through buildings.
A fire door is a door used as a fire-passive
fire protection system to reduce the spread
of fire or smoke between compartments.
14. Fire Resistant Glass Fire-Resistant Rated Floors
Similar function as that of the
fire-resistant walls i.e.
compartmentalization
15. Thermopore
• It is an innovative high performance ready to mix thermal
insulating plaster product for both internal & external use.
• Appearance: Dry white powder
• Fire Resistance: 500ᵒC with a melting point of 1100ᵒC
• Extremely light-weight
16. Why Fire Protection for Steel?
Fire Test on Open Web Steel
Joists
Fire Test on Steel Box
Columns
24. Conclusions:
For the above three materials tested
• Granite is best materials in giving strength to concrete ( i.e.
5000psi at room temperature & about 3000 psi at 1200 °F)
• Quartzite is stronger a room temperature but too weak at high
temperature)
• Limestone showing normal strength at 77 °F and losing 50 %
of strength over 1200°F
25. Fire Simulation Software
• SAFIR is computer software developed at the
University of Liege (Belgium) for the simulation of
the behavior of building subjected to fire.
• Input:
(1)Evolution of the gas temperature in the fire
compartment.
(2)Evolution of the net flux on the surface of the
structure.
26. • Duration: In the order of magnitude of the duration of
a building fire, i.e. some hours at maximum.
• Output: Temperature, stresses and displacements in
the structural elements.
• Price:
Research Version: 1000€(133825 PKR)
Commercial Version: 5000€(669124PKR)
