Prospect of Developments of the Clean Energy in Indonesia

esdm.go.id | @kesdm Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources|
Prospects of
Developments of the
Clean Energy in Indonesia
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Republic of Indonesia
Foto: Hasrullah Arifin/Lomba Foto KESDM 2019
Jakarta, 28th July 2021
Chrisnawan Anditya
Director of Various New, Renewable Energy
1

ENERGY SECTOR COMMITMENTS TOWARDS NET ZERO EMISSION 2050
Leaders Summit on Climate, 22 April 2021
UNFCCC - COP21, December 2015
National Commitments 2016-2030:
• The mandate of Law No. 16/2016 on Ratification of the
Paris Agreement: reducing GHG emissions by 29% (self-
effort) or 41% (with international assistance) by 2030
according to NDC;
• The energy sector reduces GHG by 314–398 million tons of
CO2 in 2030, through the development of renewable
energy, implementation of energy efficiency, energy
conservation, as well as the application of clean energy
technology.
National Commitments 2021-2050:
• Implement concrete actions on climate change through a
moratorium on forest and peat land conversion to reduce
forest fires by 82%;
• Encouraging green development through the development of
a Green Industrial Park covering an area of 12,500 hectares in
North Kalimantan;
• Unlock investment in the energy transition through the
development of biofuels, lithium battery industry, and
electric vehicles.
2

38%
esdm.go.id| @kesdm 3
INDONESIA’s NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION
Target Realization
No Sector
GHGEmission
2010 (Million
Ton CO2e)
GHG Emission in2030
(Million TonCO2e)
Reduction
(Million Ton
CO2e)
BaU CM1 CM2 CM1 CM2
1 Energy 453.2 1,669 1,335 1,271 314 398
2 Waste 88 296 285 270 11 26
3 IPPU 36 69.6 66.85 66.35 2.75 3.25
4 Agriculture 110.5 119.66 110.39 115.86 9 4
5 Forest 647 714 217 64 497 650
Total 1,334 2,869 2,034 1,787 834 1,081
Mitigation
Target ofreduction
(Million Ton CO2e)
Renewable energy 170,42
Energy efficiency 96,33
Clean power 31,80
Fuel switching 10,02
Post mining
reclamation
5,46
Total 314,03
No Mitigation Action
2020 Emission
Reduction (Ton CO2e)
I New and RenewableEnergy 34.291.037
II Energy Efficiency 12.968.198
III Low Carbon Fuel 8.398.804
IV Green Power Plant Technology 5.908.594
V Others 2.790.370
Total 64.357.004

esdm.go.id | @kesdm Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources| 4
4
ABUNDANT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
POTENTIAL
Currently, ocean energy development in Indonesia is still in research and development stage:
➢ Ocean wave technology:
▪ Oscillating Water Column (OWC) has the opportunity to be placed in the southern waters of Enggano.
▪ Heaving Device has an opportunity in the Mentawai region.
➢ Ocean thermal energy technology: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in North Bali Waters.
➢ A Feasibility Study on the technology of ocean currents in the Alas Strait (between Lombok and Sumbawa
Island), Sape Strait (between Sumbawa and Komodo Island) and the Pantar Strait (between P. Pantar and P.
Alor) were carried out by Research and Development Center, MEMR (Balitbang ESDM).
Total Potensi
450,4 GW
Total Pemanfaatan
10,5 GW (2,3%)
SAMUDERA 17,9 GW 0 MW*) (0%)
PANAS BUMI 23,9 GW 2.130,7 MW (8,9%)
BIOENERGI 65,2 GW 1.901,7 MW (2,9%)
BAYU 60,6 GW 154,3 MW (0,3%)
HIDRO 75 GW 6.142,7 MW (8,2%)
SURYA 207,8 GW 177,6 MWp (0,1%)
RE Potential will be updated
The huge potential
of RE is the capital
of national energy
security
“
”

GRAND STRATEGY OF ENERGY
VISION
Creating national energy resilience
and independence
Energy demand is increasing, and energy supply
capacity is limited:
1. Production of crude oil fell, imports of crude
and gasoline increased.
2. LPG is still imported.
3. Coal exports were depressed.
4. The gas and electricity infrastructure is not
yet integrated.
1: Increase crude production by 1 million bopd and
acquire foreign oil fields for refinery needs.
2: Increase the capacity of the BBM refinery.
3: Optimizing the utilization of natural gas (such as
BBG for transportation and gas for industry).
4: Increase the use of electric vehicle (KBLBB).
5: Accelerate the use of renewable energy power
plant (solar power plant) and optimize biofuel
production (biodiesel or bio hydrocarbons).
SOLUTION
6: Increase domestic LPG production.
7: Increase the construction of the city gas network.
8: Encouraging the use of electric stoves.
9: Develop DME, methanol, fertilizer & syngas
production.
10: Build a gas & LNG receiving terminal.
11: Build electricity transmission & distribution, smart
grid, off grid power plant and build small scale
nuclear power plants.
A
B
C
CHALLENGE
esdm.go.id| @kesdm 5

6
THE ENERGY MIX AND GHG EMISSION REDUCTION (2020 – 2035)
11% 14% 15%
17%
19%
23%
28% 28%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2035
Hydro Solar
Wind Geothermal
Bioenergy Co-firing
Biofuel Energy Mix
64,37
94,87
113,37
132,42
159,15
196,76
314,01
377,08
0
100
200
300
400
NRE PP Biofuel
Co-firing EV
Energy Efficiency Low Carbon Fuel
CO2
emission
reduction|
million
Ton
CO2e
Energy
Mix|
Million
TOE
1 Energy Mix in 2020 is 11,2% and targeted to
achieve 28% by 2035.
2 The contribution of GHG emission reduction in
2020 achieved 64.36 MTCO2e. By 2030, will
achieved 314 MTCO2e and by 2035 the emission
reduction will achieve 377,08 MTCO2e.
3 The acceleration of emission reduction :
❖ Provision of electricity through NRE Power Plant,
❖ Implementation of energy efficiency,
❖ Utilization of Biofuel;
❖ Implementation of biomass co-firing to reduce
coal consumption in CFPP,
❖ Utilization of Electric Vehicle, dan
❖ Transition to low carbon fuel and clean
technology.

7
2000-2009 – The Development of
Law and Gov. Regulation
1. The Law No. 27/2003 on
Geothermal was issued.
2. The Law No. 30/2007 on Energy
was issued. UU No. 30/2007 This
later became the legal umbrella for
energy management in Indonesia,
including new energy and
renewable energy.
3. The Government Regulation No.
70/2009 on Energy Conservation
was issued
2010-2019 – Regulatory Derivative
1. Derived regulations of Law No. 30/2007 regarding energy management in
Indonesia are issued:
• The Revision of Law No. 27/2003 on Geothermal
• Government Regulation No. 79/2014 on National Energy Policy, targeting
23% of NRE by 2025 and 31% of NRE by 2050.
• Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017 on General Plan of National Energy.
2. MEMR Regulation No 50/2017 jo No. 53/2018 on The Utilization of Renewable
Energy Sources for Electricity Provision.
3. MEMR Regulation No. 49/2018 jo No. 16/2019
On Rooftop Solar PV
2020/2021 – Acceleration of NRE
1. Drafting of Law on NRE
2. Drafting of Presidential Decree on
Renewable Energy
3. Formulation of the National Grand
Energy Strategy, as a strategic step in
energy management, including
accelerating the development of NRE to
achieve the target of 23% NRE in 2025.
4. Drafting of MEMR Regulation on Rooftop
Solar PV
5. Drafting of MEMR Decree on the Diesel
PP conversion to RE PP
6. Formulation of Greener RUPTL PLN 2021-
2030
7. Drafting of MEMR Regulation on Co-
Firing Program
1
2
3
THE MILESTONE OF NRE POLICY DEVELOPMENT
The Government
keeps trying to
develop policies and
regulation that can
encourage and
accelerate
Renewable Energy
Deployment in
Indonesia

8
Other New and Renewable
Energy Development
“Post 2035"
Hydrogen: The Key to Future
Energy Systems
The Projection of Global
Nuclear Power Plant 2050:
• High Scenario: 715 GW (increase 80%)
• Low Scenario: 363 GW (decrease 7%)
• In the low and high scenarios, the
share of nuclear in total power
generation capacity is expected to
decrease by 2050. A reduction of 3%
in the low scenario and less than 1%
in the high scenario.
Source: IAEA, 2020
• By 2050, there will be 160 Mt (19 EJ)
of green hydrogen produced
annually in the Energy
Transformation Scenario.
• Significant electrolysis improvements
would be required, about 50 - 6 GW
per year by 2050 to produce that
much green hydrogen.
Source: IRENA, 2020
Indonesian Context
• Nuclear: Nuclear utilization for security of national energy
supply and reduction of carbon emissions (Government
Regulation 79/2014). The development of nuclear power
plants is determined by the Government after
communicating with the DPR (Law 10/1997).
• Hydrogen: Hydrogen development in Indonesia is still in
the research stage and does not yet exist on a commercial
scale.
• Ocean Current: AFD (France) has conducted potential
studies in Lombok and the Sape Strait, but these locations
require further study. Currently the Marine Geology
Research Center is conducting a potential study in the
Pantar Strait, East NT
• CCUS / CCS: Technological options to reduce CO2.
Captured carbon can be stored and reused.
The Projection of Global Nuclear Power Plant 2050

9
LONG TERM STRATEGY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
Towards Carbon Neutral – Supply Side *)
*) the simulation of long-term planning in energy sector is still in progress
ENABLING CONDITIONS:
• Peaking energy : 2040
• Net Zero Emission : 2060 or sooner with international assistance
MASSIVE NRE DEVELOPMENTS
• Solar PV (Rooftop PV, Solar Farm, Floating Solar PV)
• Wind (on-shore and off-shore)
• Biomass, Biogas, Biofuel
• Geothermal (including small-scale)
• Hydro (including pumped storage)
• Ocean Energy
• Nuclear
• Hydrogen
• Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
REDUCTION OF FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES UTILIZATION
OR APPLYING CCS/CCUS TECHNOLOGY
• Co-firing Biomass in Coal-Fired Power Plant (CFPP)
Program
• Retiring aged CFPPs and Combined Cycle Power Plant
(CCPPs). The last CFPP retired in 2058 & CCPP in 2054.
• No new CFPPs, except for it has PPA or under construction
• New fossil power plant should have CCS/CCUS (CCPPs +
CCS/CCUS starting 2031 and IGCC + CCS/CCUS in 2038)
• Conversion of diesel PP into NRE power plants
INTERCONNECTIONS OF TRANSMISSION AND SMART GRID ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENTS
Interconnections of electricity transmission in Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi in 2024, and promote smart grid
development.
CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage IGCC: Integrated Gas Combined Cycle
CCUS: Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

10
HOUSEHOLD
Electric Stove: Target in 2021 is ±1 million
HH/year, started in 2022-2040 ±2 million
HH/year, in 2060 is 52 million HH
1
Gas Line: additional until 2030: 10 million
SR, and the total in 2060: 22 million SR
2
Energy Efficiency: e.g Incandescent lamps
are no longer used starting in 2025, the
proportion of LED lamps is increasing
where by 2040 it has reached 70%
3
Equipment substitution to electricity and gas.
TRANSPORTATION
Car:
1
Toward Electric Vehicle
In 2030: 2 million of electric car
and 300 thousands of Gas fueled
car
In 2050: Stop all sales of
conventional cars.
In 2060: 63,7 millions units of
electric cars are operated
Motorcycle:
2
In 2030: 13 million electric
motorcycles.
In 2050: Stop all sales of
conventional motor cycles.
In 2060: All electric motorcycles, a
total of 236 million units
Bus and Truck:
3
Post 2040 conventional vehicles
decline along with the increase
in electric vehicles
INDUSTRY
Encouraging the use of electricity as the
main energy source for various industrial
processes
1
Intensification of electricity use
LONG TERM STRATEGY IN ENERGY SECTOR:
Towards Carbon Neutral – Demand Side *)
*) simulasi modeling jangka panjang sektor energi masih dilakukan

THE OPPORTUNITY IN NRE DEVELOPMENT
TINYPPT designed template for
presentation in PowerPoint
PERSONNEL
01
PRICE
RESEARCH
02
TECHNOLOGY
ANALYTICS
03
FINANCING
The price of NRE in the world continues to decline so that it
can be competitive with fossil energy
Based on the McKinsey report (2019), the price of NRE will be
cheaper than fossil prices in most countries in the world by 2030
New renewable energy utilization technologies are developing
all the time
The development of new technologies, such as hydrogen (fuel cell) and
small-scale nuclear (SMR) will make the utilization of the abundant
potential of renewable energy more optimal.
Green Financing is starting to become the mainstream of
infrastructure financing in the world
As a result, funding portfolios for new renewable energy
plants, which are green, will be easier to obtain.

THE CHALLENGES
Energy transformation will require large
funding, incentives, improvement of
supporting infrastructure and human
resources with high skills and competencies.
For intermittent renewable energy
generation to operate properly, it requires a
high additional investment. For off-grid
systems, reliable power storage technology
is needed, while for on-grid systems, a back-
up generator is required.
The network system's ability to absorb
electricity from new and renewable energy
power plants is still limited. It would require
an additional investment to upgrade power
system reliability and flexibility.
12
Renewable energy business is considered
less attractive with high risk, as the result
banks / financial institutions are less
interested in providing funding with long
tenors and low interest.
Requires policy support at the national,
sub-national and international levels,
including public participation.
Lack of availability of low-cost technologies
suited to local conditions and dependency
on imported technology.

THANK YOU
Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No.1, RT.1/RW.1,
Pegangsaan, Kec. Menteng, Kota
Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota
Jakarta 10320
Address
13

14
Fossil Primary Energy Conversion – Conversion of Diesel PP to RE PP
1 De-dieselization program was launched in
November, 2020
Diesel conversion to RE will be carried out
through 2 phases :
- Phase-1 : 358 locations (307 MW) have been
identified.
• Conversion to RE PP: 121 locations; 186.75 MW
• Hybrid Diesel PP and RE PP: 237 locations; 120.25
MW
- Phase-2 : diesel power plant locations are still
in review process.
Criteria of diesel conversion :
- Isolated area (offgrid)
- machine age > 15 years
- Average SFC 0.359 lt/kWh
- Operating hours < 24 hours
Regulation for diesel conversion implementation:
Draft of Ministerial Decree for assignment of PLN
in diesel conversion is being finalised
2
3
4
Sumatera: 56 lokasi,
42,68 MW
Jawa: 9 lokasi,
22,5 MW
Kalimantan:
106 lokasi, 83,71 MW
Sulawesi:
54 lokasi, 56,46 MW
Papua: 58 lokasi,
5,23 MW
Nusa Tenggara:
20 lokasi, 14,92 MW
Maluku: 55 lokasi,
81,5 MW

15
SOLAR PV / ROOFTOP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
SOLAR ROOFTOP DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM 2021 - 2025
Target: 3.61 GW
Reduce GHG emission 5.4 millions tons CO2e
• Government Building (37.35 MW)
• Social (16.65 MW)
• Business (728.68 MW)
• Industry (1,307.10 MW)
• Household (1,525 MW)
Installed Capacity (up to May 2021):
31.32 MWp (3.781 Customers)
Existing Regulation:
MEMR Regulation no. 49/ 2018 jo. 13 / 2019 jo.
16/2019
LARGE SCALE SOLAR PV DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM 2020 - 2035
FLOATING SOLAR PV
RESERVOIR /LAKE
Target: 5.34 GW
• Java Bali (1,863 MW)
• Sumatra (1,178 MW)
• Kalimantan (563 MW)
• Sulawesi (781 MW)
• Maluku (426 MW)
• Nusa Tenggara (389 MW)
• Papua (141 MW)
Reduce GHG Emission:
7.96 millions tons CO2e
Total Potential: 28.20 GW (375 locations)
Total Potential in Large Hydro PP: 12.06 GW
(28 lokasi), terdiri dari:
Java Bali (1,919.6 MW) – 13 locations
Sumatera (7,150 MW) – 3 locations
Kalimantan (26.7 MW) – 1 locations
Sulawesi (2,919 MW) – 6 locations
Maluku – Papua – Nusa Tenggara (39.4 MW)
- 5 locations
Reduce GHG Emission:
17,8 millions tons CO2e

16
HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (2021 - 2035)
Large scale hydro: 7,690.01 MW
• Sumatera: 2,442.26 MW
• Java - Bali: 1,620.26 MW
• Kalimantan: 1,136 MW
• Sulawesi: 1,368.6 MW
• Maluku: 27 MW
Mini Hydro : 1,095.89 MW
• Sumatera: 455.72 MW
• Java - Bali: 202.08 MW
• Kalimantan: 23.37 MW
• Sulawesi: 273,56 MW
• Papua & West Papua: 32.8 MW
• NTB: 34.63 MW
• NTT: 35.13 MW
• Maluku: 65.6 MW
Pumped Storage in Java: 1,040 MW
Target
7.69 GW Cirata 1,008 MW

17
Onshore Wind Power:
• Onshore wind power in Sumatera: 180 MW
• Onshore wind power in West Java: 400 MW
• Onshore wind power in Banten: 200 MW
• Onshore wind power in South Sulawesi: 130 MW
• Onshore wind power in South Kalimantan: 70 MW
• Onshore wind power in NTT: 43 MW
• Onshore wind power in Maluku: 20 MW
Offshore Wind Power:
• Offshore wind power in Papua: 7,53 GW
• Offshore wind power in East Java: 80 MW
Target
3.63 GW
WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM BY 2021 - 2035

18
GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 2020-2035
Target
9.3 GW
GOVERNMENT DRILLING
In order to improve data quality before an area is offered to a business entity, MEMR c.q.
The Geological Agency will carry out geothermal exploration to drilling in 20 GWAs with
expected total capacity of 683 MW.
In cooperation with MoF, by giving assignment to PT SMI for 2 GWAs, with planned
capacity 60 MW
SOE SYNERGY IN GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT
EXPANSION OF EXISTING PLANT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SMALL-SCALE POWER PLANTS
Small scale Binary Plant in Salak 15 MW, Dieng small scale 10 MW, etc.
UTILIZATION OF PISP FUND (INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING FOR
GEOTHERMAL SECTOR) AND GREM (GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE RISK
MITIGATION)
D
C
B
A

19
BIOMASS PP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (2021 - 2035)
Biomass Power Plant in :
• Java - Bali: 50.9 MW
• East Kalimantan: 52.5 MW
• West Kalimantan: 76.65 MW
• Sulawesi: 22.5 MW
• Papua & West Papua: 32.8 MW
• NTT: 19 MW
• Maluku: 87 MW
• North Maluku: 21.75 MW
Target
614.1 MW
Siberut 700 kW

20
BIOGAS PP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (2021 - 2035)
Biogas Power Plant in :
• Java: 5.0 MW
• East Kalimantan: 17.5 MW
• West Kalimantan: 25.55 MW
• Sulawesi: 7.5 MW
• Papua: 17.5 MW
• Maluku: 29 MW
• North Maluku: 7.25 MW
Target
185.4 MW
2,2 MW Tungkal Ulu, Jambi

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