This is my best work in my opinion, although I do not make any citation.

1. An Assignment on
‘Logical Framework’
Course Title: Project Planning and Evaluation Techniques
Course Code: DS 3207
SUBMITTED TO:
Md. Ashikuzzaman
Assistant Professor
Development Studies Discipline
Khulna University
Khulna- 9208
SUBMITTED BY:
Md. Ayatullah Khan
Student ID: 152119
3rd
Year; 2nd
Term
Development Studies Discipline
Khulna University
Khulna- 9208
Date of Submission: April 02, 2018

2. Logical Framework is widely used by donors and governments in the planning and evaluation
of different types of projects. The logical framework is a newly invented process of project
formulation, implementation, analysis and evaluation in the present world. It is a mixed
experience of the planners to finalize the planning in the adverse situation of the internal and
external world. The planners, economists, project managers, and government officers have
faced critical situation during project formulation, implementation and evaluation. To avoid
this situation, Logical Framework has originated and developed for the world countries.
Concept of Logical Framework: The logical framework is a document that provides an
overview of the objectives, activities and resources of a project. The logical framework was
first formally adopted as a planning tool to help conceptualize a project, analyze the
assumptions behind it and for overseas development activities by USAID in the early 1970s.
Since the development of the Logical Framework, it has been adopted with various
adaptations by a large number of bilateral and international development organizations. Its
popularity has raised over time with many international development agencies advocating its
use in grant application. The Logical Framework has proven extremely valuable for project
design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
According to Center on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific
(CIRDAP), “Logical framework is defined as a summary in matrix form of project design
showing the result expected for each level of intend when a project is successfully completed.
Results are expressed as objective verifiable together with means of verification and
controlling assumption.”
According to Practical concept incorporated Washinton D.C. USA, “The logical
framework offers a way to clarify the project design, thus showing whether the undertaking is
practicable, worthwhile and susceptible to scientific assumption.”
According to Dr. Mokbul Ahmed Khan, “The logical framework is a way of organizing
information and activities so that a number of different points of view can be brought to bear
simultaneously and in complement rather than in opposition.”
The logical framework is a tool or a document which can be used in many different
approaches. It can be
 A management or systematic tool for designing, planning, implementing, and
monitoring and evaluating a project or program.
 A tool for systematic thinking for relating inputs to the implementation of activities,
activities to the production of outputs, outputs to the achievement of a defined
purpose and purpose to a high-level goal or impact.
 A tool for identifying and assessing risks by listing critical assumptions inherent in
project design and implementation.
 A tool for measuring project progress through objectively verifiable indicators and
means of verification.
 A tool for developing consensus and communicating a project‟s intent and strategy.

3.  A tool to examine the progress of the project and co-relate the activities carried out
and results achieved.
It brings together all in one place a statement of all the key components of the project and
program. It meets requirements of a good project design by facilitating possible responses to
past weaknesses. It facilitates implementation and participation by appropriate stakeholders
in the decision making process. It also facilitates team approach where objectives, objective
verifiable indicators, means of verification and assumptions are agreed to by all participants.
Finally, it delivers the idea about how the project will be monitored through the use of or
content or indicators. All this information is presented in a table with four columns and four
rows – although variations on this basic scheme do exist.
Components of Logical Framework: A logical framework is a concise document that
outlines the key features that lead to a project achieving its goal. A logical framework
consists of a 4 column by 4 or 5 row matrix.
 The first column represents the hierarchy of activities to outcomes that needs to occur
for the project to succeed.
 The second column represents the indicators that are appropriate measures of whether
the activities, outputs or outcomes have been achieved.
 The third column represents the data source, or means to verify the indicator.
 The last column is very important, and outlines the assumptions that need to hold true
for that particular activity, output or outcome to occur.
Narrative
Summary (NS)
Objectively
Verifiable
Indicators
(OVI)
Means of
Verification
(MV)
Important
Assumption
(IA)
Project/Goal
Project Purpose
Outputs
Activities/Inputs
Figure 1: Logical Framework Matrix

4. The components of logical framework are divided into two portions-
 Components of Vertical Part
 Components of Horizontal Part
 Components of Vertical Part
The components of vertical part identify what the project intends to do, clarify the causal
relationships, and specify the important goals and purposes beyond the project manager's
control. Its consist of-
 Goal: The goal constitutes the long-term vision for the project. It states the long-term
social and economic impacts to which the project will contribute and describe why the
project is important for the beneficiaries and for the society.
 Project Purpose: states the expected outcomes or direct effects of the project. These
are the benefits which the beneficiaries derive from the project. The purpose states
why the project is needed by the beneficiaries.
 Outputs: state the services that the beneficiaries will receive from the project and
what the project will be responsible for delivering.
 Activities/Inputs: constitute the means to achieve the goals. The activities/inputs
tackle the causes/reasons of the core problems. The inputs are the work that is done by
those involved in the project.
„Relationship among the components of vertical part‟ means that one thing leads to another:
 the activities/inputs lead to tangible outputs;
 the outputs lead to the project‟s purpose;
 the purpose contributes to one or more goals.
Goal
If Purpose then Goal
Purpose
If Outputs then Purpose
Outputs
If Inputs then Outputs
Inputs
Figure 2: Relationship among Goal, Purpose, Outputs and Inputs
 Components of Horizontal Part
The components of horizontal part define how project objectives specified in the project
description will be measured and the means by which the measurement will be verified. This
provides the framework for project monitoring and evaluation. Its consist of-
 Narrative Summary: This term used to describe the text that narrates or describes
the objectives. It could have been given the title because the bottom cell in the column
is a summary of the activities.

5.  Objectively Verifiable Indicators: specify the performance standard to be reached in
order to achieve the goal, the purpose and the outputs of the project. Objectively
Verifiable Indicators must be SMART- specific, measureable, available, relevant and
time bound. Characteristics of Objectively Verifiable Indicators are as followed
- Measuring indicator what is important in the project
- Indicator must be believable
- Indicator must be targeted
- Indicators are independent
 Means of Verification: indicate what source of information will be used to verify
progress towards or achievement of indicators. Means of verification clearly describe
where and in what form the necessary data will be obtained. Verification is sometimes
difficult and may require special funding.
 Important Assumption: state the assumptions relating to the Goal, Outcome,
Outputs and all the Activities of the Project. An assumption is a positive statement of
a condition that must be met for the project's objectives to be achieved. Some
assumptions relate to activities in other projects.
Importance of Logical Framework: Logical framework has been originated as a tool by the
economist, project manager and social researcher of the developing and developed world
when they are in a critical situation to tackle the problem of project formulation and
implementation. At present, logical framework is widely used by the different international
organizations regarding World Bank and different countries for the formulation of internal
project design. Importance of logical framework is discussed below:
 Reduce Planning Confusion: Most of the project planning was formulated
incomplete, complex and unclear due to lack of any scientific framework of project
formulation. After the formulation of logical framework, it is possible to reduce the
all planning confusion of a project.
 Determine Responsibility Management: Logical framework determine the definite
responsibility management through the direction of overall project work, work time
and responsible person of the project including the government project and others.
 Approving Evaluation Process: Due to undetermined responsibility management,
project evaluation is naturally hampered. But logical framework provides a clear idea
about evaluation process which helps to approve the evaluation process easily.
 Accessibility and Straightforwardness: The advantages of logical framework are
that simple, accessible, clear and straightforward and there is complexity. It depends
on the user experience about development project, successful management and his/her
acquiring knowledge.
 Recitation of Important Questions: Logical framework accounts the important
questions of a project. These questions include: Which amount of resources are
required to start the project and from where the work will be started etc.
 Formulation of Project Appraisal: In this process, some dynamic and related
concepts are placed in such a way that it is possible to formulate a fair, realistic and
evaluable project appraisal.

6.  Complementary/Supportive Ideas: Another important feature of the logical
framework is that worked as a complementary among the project information‟s and
proceedings through neutral verifiable measures, means of verification and important
estimation. From this perspective, the importance of logical framework is undeniable.
 Increase Acceptability of the Project: In the logical framework, project is
formulated and implemented through Program Management, Basic Scientific Method
and System Analysis perspective. For this reason the acceptability of the project is
higher rather than failures.
 Future Guidelines: The value of logical framework is huge in providing future
guidelines and right evaluation.
 Role in Achieving the Aim of the Project: In the project implementation period, the
uncertainty of the progress has been increased. So, it is important to predict about the
nature and consequences of the uncertainty of project implementation. These
predictable concepts play important role to make the project successful. Logical
framework helps to create those concepts.
To conclude, the importance of logical framework is huge while formulating and
implementing the project through identifying different problems and providing the way of
evaluating. It is recognized as an important and a necessary process to all the planners and the
utility of logical framework has recognized in the recent times. Different international
organizations including World Bank widely use the logical framework. To speak the truth, a
project whether is available for the funds allocation at all, is shown through the logical
framework.

7. References:
Islam, Dr. M. N. (2016). Project Planning and Management. Tasmia Publications, 314/A
Elephant Road, Dhaka- 1205.
La Gra, J. (1990). A commodity systems assessment methodology for problem and project
identification: Annex 13- The Logical Framework. Postharvest Institute for Perishables,
College of Agriculture, 129 W Third St.
Logframer. (2012). The Logical Framework. Retrieved April 19, 2012 from
https://www.logframer.eu/content/what-logical-framework
Street, A. (2000). A Project Cycle Management and Logical Framework Toolkit.
Sagheer, S. H. (2016). What is logical framework analysis & what are the components of
logical framework? Retrieved from
https://www.bayt.com/en/specialties/q/223673/what-is-logical-framework-analysis-amp-
what-are-the-components-of-logical-framework/