A PRESENTATION ON BASIC INFORMATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS BY A STUDENT OF VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE.

1. VISHWAKARMA GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLAGE
TOPIC
FUNDAMENTAL OF REMOTE SENSING
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Name Enrollment number
Vasavada Aum Mehul Bhai 190173106015
GUIDE GIRISH JAGAD
LECTURAL IN VISHWAKARMA GOVEREMENT ENGINEEING COLLAGE
CHANDKHEDA,AHMEDABAD

2. CONTANT
 EXPLANATION OF TOPIC
 DEFINATIONS
 ELEMENTS OF REMOTE SENSING
 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
 PLATFORM OF REMOTE SENSING PLATFORM
 BRIEF EXPLANATION ON APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING
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3. EXPLANATION OF TOPIC
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REMOTE:- SOMETHING WHICH IS FAR
AWAY
SENSING:- GETTING INFORMATION OR
GETTING DATA
EXAMPLE ;_ TELEVISION
source- btc.montana.edu +modification

4. DEFINATIONS
 Remote sensing is a technology of acquiring information about earth surface
without actually being in contact with it. This is done by sensing and recording
reflection or emitted energy &processing analysing and applying that
information.
OR
 Remote sensing is the science and arts of obtaining information about an object ,
area or phenomena satellite.
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5. ENERGY SOURCE
 The first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source which illuminate or provide electromagnetic
energy to the target of interest.
Key words
 Electromagnetic energy:-All electromagnetic radiation has fundamental properties and behaves in predictable
ways according to the basics of wave theory. Electromagnetic radiation consists of :
(1) Electrical Field (E) : Which varies in magnitude in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the
radiation is travelling.
(2) Magnetic Field (M) : It is oriented at right angles to the electrical field.
 components
- Wave length(m) :- distance between highest pic point
- frequency(Hz) :- number of cycle per second
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Source:-socretic.org
ELEMENTS OF RS

6. PROPAGATION OF ENERGY THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE
 Propagation of energy through the atmosphere : The energy from the source propagates through the
atmosphere. The atmosphere modifies the wavelength and spectral distribution of energy to some
extent.
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SUN
SURFACE
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSOR
ATMOSPHERIC LAYEAR
SOURCE:-CREATED BY US & INSPIRATION ON YOUTUBE
EMR
REFLECTED EMR
SCATTERING + ABSORPTION

7.  Once EMR is generated, first it is propagated through the vacuum almost at the speed of light in a vacuum
and then through the earth's atmosphere. Unlike a vacuum in which nothing happens, however, the
atmosphere may affect not only the speed of radiation but also its wavelength, its intensity, and its spectral
distribution. These effects are caused by the two main mechanisms.
1. Absorption:-Absorption is the process by which radiant energy is absorbed and converted into other forms
of energy
2. Scattering :-Scattering : One very serious effect of the atmosphere is the scattering of radiation by
atmospheric particles. It occurs when particles or large gas molecules present in the atmosphere interact
with and cause the EMR to be redirected from its original path. How much scattering takes place depends
on several factors including the wavelength of the radiation, the diameter of the particles or gases and the
distance the radiation travels through the atmosphere.
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8. INTERACTION WITH THE TARGET
 Interaction of energy with target : The energy received by the target interacts
where it is either transmitted, absorbed, scattered, emitted or reflected from the
target
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TARGET INTERACTION
Source:-maps.unomaha.edu

9. RECORDING OF ENERGY BY SENSOR
 After the energy has been scattered by, emitted from the
target, we require a sensor (remote-not contact with the
target.) to collect and record the electromagnetic radiation.
Mainly two types of sensor
1. Active remote sensor :-provides its own energy source for
illumination of the object or target.(lidar , radar)
Example : camera with ultra flash light
1. Passive remote sensor :- its depends upon external(other)
sources. passive remote sensing makes use of sensors that
detect the reflected or emitted EMR from natural sources
like sun. (landsat , aster , quick bard , lkonos
Example :- camera with low flash light or without flash light.
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Example
Source:-theusbport.com
Source:-dpreview.com
grindgis.com

10. 10
GROUND SECTION (BUILDIN E,F,G)
BUILDING E:-TRANSMISSION, RECEPTION AND PROCESSING
The energy recorded by the sensor has to be transmitted, often in electronic form to a receiving and
processing station on the ground where the data are processed into an images.
The data products are mainly two types : photographic product and digital product
BUILDING F:- INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS.
The processed image are interpreted , visually or digitally or electronically to extract information
about the target
BUILDING G:- APPLICATION
The information about the target obtained from the remote sensing is made available to the users
in the desired form

11. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
 The electromagnetic spectrum range from the shorter wavelength to the longer wavelength.
 There are several region of the electromagnetic spectrum which are useful for remote sensing.
Gemma rays , X-ray , ultraviolet , Visible light , infrared , radio waves
A narrow range of EMR (extending from 0.4µm to 0.7µm ), the interval detected by the human eye, is known
as the visible region.
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Source:- Britannica.com Source:-radio2space.com
EMR
E- ELECTRIC FIELD
M- MAGNETIC FIELD
R- RADIATION(ENERGY)
SUN
EARTH
R
NF

12. REMOTE SENSING PLATFORM
 Mainly three types of platform
1. Ground base platform:-
Remote sensing platform that position at the sensor at
the earth’s surface are called ground base platform
A wide variety of ground based platforms are used in remote
sensing. Some of the more common ones are hand held
devices, tripods, towers and cranes. Instruments that are
ground-based are often used to measure the quantity and
quality of light coming from the sun or for close range
characterization of objects. For example, to study properties
of a single plant or a small patch of grass, it would make
sense to use a ground based instrument
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Source:-sar.kangwon.ac.kr

13. 1. Aerial platform:-Aerial platform are mostly sensor mounted on fixed-wing
aircraft, though other airborne platform, such as balloons, rocket and
helicopter can be used.
Balloons
Aircrafts
Rockets
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Source: researchgate.com
Source:-spar3D.com

14.  Satellite platform:
The most stable platform aloft is a satellite,
which is spaceborne. The first remote
sensing satellite was launched in 1960 for
meteorology purposes.
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Source:-en.Wikipedia.org

15. APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING
 Land use and cover mapping
I. Natural resource management
II. Wildlife habitat protection
III. Urban expansion
IV. Planning for seismic/exploration/resource extraction
V. Damage delineation
VI. Legal boundaries for tax and property evaluation
 Agriculture
I. Crop type mapping
II. Assessment of crop condition
III. Estimation of crop yield
IV. Mapping of soil characteristic
V. Mapping of moisture condition
 Urban growth studies
 Ground water mapping
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Source:-slide share
Source:-
spacefordevelopment.org

16.  Forestry
I. Mapping types of forest cover
II. Agro forestry mapping
III. Monitoring reforestation and managing
IV. Detection of forest fire
V. Biomass estimation
VI. Species inventory
VII. Watersheds protection
VIII. Forest health and vigor
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 Flood plain mapping
I. Construction of detention storages
II. Construction of embankments and drainage
channels
III. River training and protection works
IV. Watershed afforestation
V. soil conservation
VI. Flood hazard zoning
VII. Flood forecasting
VIII. Disaster preparedness, etc.
Source:-geospitialworld.nt
Source:-gissensing.com
Source:-slideshare.net

17.  Hydrology
I. Wetland mapping
II. Water quality monitoring
III. Soil moisture estimation
IV. River and lake monitoring
V. River direction
VI. Glacier dynamic monitoring
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 Geology and geomorphology
I. Mapping of surficial rock / bedrocks
II. Structural mapping mineral exploration
III. Environmental geology
IV. Geo- hazard mapping
V. Plate tectonics
VI. Volcanism
VII. Folding
VIII. Weathering
IX. Erosion , transportation , deposition process
Source:-agtankosh.ac.in

18.  Oceans and coastal monitoring
I. Ocean pattern identification
II. Storm forecasting
III. Oil spill mapping
IV. Shipping
V. Sea ice mapping
 Disaster management
I. Mapping disaster prone zone
II. Prediction/ forecasting
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