Water conservation methods in agriculture in pakistan Presentation by Atif Nauman(University of Gujrat)

1. WATER CONSERVATION
METHODS IN
AGRICULTURE IN
PAKISTAN
BY ATIF NAUMAN (UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT)

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WATER CONSERVATION METHODS IN AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN
1. PRECIPITATION MONITORING
2. SOIL LIMIT
3. DRIP IRRIGATION SCHEDULING
4. FURROW DIKING
5. COVER CROPS
6. GOING ORGANIC
7. DROUGHT-TOLERANT CROPS
• WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

3. INTRODUCTION
• WATER CONSERVATION INCLUDES ALL THE
POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES
MADE TO SUSTAINABLY MANAGE
THE NATURAL RESOURCE FRESH WATER.
• TO PROTECT THE WATER ENVIRONMENT,
AND TO MEET THE CURRENT AND FUTURE
HUMAN DEMAND.
• ENSURING AVAILABILITY OF WATER FOR
FUTURE GENERATIONS WHERE THE
WITHDRAWAL OF FRESHWATER FROM
AN ECOSYSTEM EXCEED ITS NATURAL
REPLACEMENT RATE.
(WIKIPEDIA)

4. WATER CONSERVATION METHODS IN
AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN
 FOLLOWING ARE THE WATER CONSERVATION METHODS
USED IN AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN:
• PRECIPITATION MONITORING
• SOIL LIMIT
• CROP TYPE
• LASER LEVELING
• DRIP IRRIGATION
• FLOOD WATER STORING

5. WATER CONSERVATION METHODS IN AGRICULTURE
IN PAKISTAN
• IRRIGATION SCHEDULING
• ROTATIONAL GRAZING
• COVER CROPS
• GOING ORGANIC
• FURROW DIKING
• DROUGHT-TOLERANT CROPS
• COMPOST AND MULCH

6. PRECIPITATION MONITORING
• TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL, HUMIDITY DATA SHOULD BE
COLLECTED TO DETERMINE EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SCHEDULING.
• USED WEATHER SOFTWARE'S TO CHECK WEATHER UPDATES
REGULARLY.
• NOT WATER CROPS WHEN HEAVY RAIN IS EXPECTED.
• THIS METHOD WILL CONSERVE A LOT OF WATER.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

7. SOIL LIMIT
• SOIL ACTS AS A WATER RESERVOIR BETWEEN
IRRIGATIONS OR RAINS.
• EACH SOIL TYPE HAS A DIFFERENT CAPABILITY TO HOLD
MOISTURE.
• FOR EXAMPLE: CLAY HAD HIGHEST WATER HOLDING
CAPACITY AND SAND HAD LEAST WATER HOLDING
CAPACITY.

8. CROP TYPE
• PLANTS DIFFER IN THEIR ABILITY TO WITHDRAW WATER FROM SOILS,
THEIR WATER USE RATE.
• GROWING CROPS THAT ARE APPROPRIATE TO THE REGION’S CLIMATE
IS ANOTHER WAY THAT FARMERS ARE GETTING MORE CROP PER
DROP.
• FOR EXAMPLE: BEANS NEED ONLY 300-500 mm WATER.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

9. LASER LEVELING
• LASER-CONTROLLED LAND LEVELING
EQUIPMENT GRADES FIELDS TO LEVEL THE
LAND FOR DIFFERENT IRRIGATION
PRACTICES.
• LASER LEVELING CAN REDUCE WATER USE
BY 20-30% AND INCREASE CROP YIELDS
BY 10-20%.
• COMMONLY USING IN PAKISTAN.

10. DRIP IRRIGATION
• DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS DELIVER
WATER DIRECTLY TO A PLANT’S ROOTS,
REDUCING THE EVAPORATION THAT
HAPPENS WITH NORMAL WATERING
SYSTEMS.
• INCREASED CROP YIELDS.
• PROJECTS : NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH CENTRE, ISLAMABAD, DI KHAN
ETC.

11. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
• THE CENTRE PIVOT IS A SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM THAT APPLIES SMALL
AMOUNTS OF WATER AT FREQUENT INTERVALS TO A UNIT AREA OF CROP.
• NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE, ISLAMABAD INSTALLED
CENTRE PIVOT SYSTEMS
• LOCATIONS:
• NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER (NARC),
ISLAMABAD 50 ACRES
• ARID ZONE RESEARCH INSTITUTE(AZRI), BAHAWALPUR, PUNJAB 19
ACRES
• WRRI, FIELD STATION, THANA BULA KHAN, JAMSHORO,
SINDH 92 ACRES

12. FLOOD WATER STORAGE
• MANY FARMS RELY ON MUNICIPAL WATER OR
WELLS (GROUNDWATER).
• SOME FARMERS HAVE BUILT THEIR OWN PONDS
TO CAPTURE AND STORE RAINFALL FOR USE
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
• PROPERLY MANAGED PONDS CAN ALSO CREATE
HABITAT FOR LOCAL WILDLIFE.
• HELPING TO MINIMIZE THEIR IMPACT ON THE
SURROUNDING WATERSHED.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CA
EWRI-RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

13. IRRIGATION SCHEDULING
• SMART WATER MANAGEMENT IS NOT JUST ABOUT HOW WATER IS
DELIVERED BUT ALSO WHEN, HOW OFTEN, AND HOW MUCH.
• FARMERS CAREFULLY MONITOR THE WEATHER FORECAST, AS WELL AS
SOIL AND PLANT MOISTURE, AND ADAPT THEIR IRRIGATION SCHEDULE
TO THE CURRENT CONDITIONS.
• THIS METHOD WILL CONSERVE A LOT OF WATER.
• FOR EXAMPLE, CULTIVATE RICE IN RAINING SEASON.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

14. ROTATIONAL GRAZING
• ROTATIONAL GRAZING IS A PROCESS IN WHICH
LIVESTOCK ARE MOVED BETWEEN FIELDS TO HELP
PROMOTE PASTURE REGROWTH.
• INCREASED SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND BETTER
FORAGE COVER ARE ALSO WATER-SAVING
BENEFITS OF ROTATIONAL GRAZING.
• INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI
-RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

15. COVER CROP
• PLANTED TO PROTECT SOIL THAT WOULD
OTHERWISE GO BARE, COVER CROPS REDUCE
WEEDS, INCREASE SOIL FERTILITY.
• THIS ALLOWS WATER TO MORE EASILY
PENETRATE THE SOIL AND IMPROVES ITS
WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY.
• FIELDS PLANTED WITH COVER CROPS WERE 11
TO 14 PERCENT MORE PRODUCTIVE THAN
CONVENTIONAL FIELDS.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-
RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

16. GOING ORGANIC
• HEALTHY SOIL THAT IS RICH IN ORGANIC MATTER
AND MICROBIAL LIFE SERVES AS A SPONGE THAT
DELIVERS MOISTURE TO PLANTS.
• KEEPING MANY OF THE MORE TOXIC PESTICIDES
OUT OF OUR WATERWAYS, ORGANIC METHODS
HELP RETAIN SOIL MOISTURE.
• CORN GROWN IN ORGANIC FIELDS HAD 30
PERCENT GREATER YIELDS THAN CONVENTIONAL
FIELDS.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI

17. FURROW DIKING
• FURROW DIKING CONSERVES WATER BY CAPTURING
PRECIPITATION OR IRRIGATION WATER IN SMALL
EARTHEN DAMS IN THE FURROWS.
• WATER HELD BETWEEN THE DAMS CAN SLOWLY
INFILTRATE INTO THE SOIL.
• DIKES SHOULD BE MADE LARGE ENOUGH TO HOLD
RUNOFF DURING INTENSE THUNDERSTORMS.
• INCREASING SOIL MOISTURE AND REDUCING OR
ELIMINATING RUNOFF.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-
RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

18. DROUGHT-
TOLERANT CROPS
• GROWING CROPS THAT ARE APPROPRIATE TO THE
REGION’S CLIMATE IS ANOTHER WAY THAT
FARMERS ARE GETTING MORE CROP PER DROP.
• NEED LOW WATER.
• GOOD METHOD TO CONSERVE WATER.
• FOR EXAMPLE: OLIVES, CUCUMBERS, TEPARY
BEANS, AND ORACH.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-
RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

19. COMPOST AND MULCH
• COMPOST, OR DECOMPOSED ORGANIC MATTER USED
AS FERTILIZER, HAS BEEN FOUND TO IMPROVE SOIL
STRUCTURE.
• INCREASING ITS WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY.
• MULCH MADE FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS
STRAW OR WOOD CHIPS.
• MULCH WILL BREAK DOWN INTO COMPOST TO
FURTHER INCREASING THE SOIL’S ABILITY TO RETAIN
WATER.
(HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-

20. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
• WASTEWATER RECYCLING HELPS YOU GET THE MOST FROM LIMITED WATER
SUPPLIES.
• THE RECYCLED WATER IS USED FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION.
• THE RESULTS IN WATER SAVINGS OF APPROXIMATELY 400,000,000
GALLONS ANNUALLY.
• IN PAKISTAN COCA COLA IS RUNNING DIFFERENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANTS UNDER PROJECT “SAVE WATER SAVE THE PLANT” PLANTS FROM
2008 AT KPK, LAHORE, AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK.
• PROVIDING WATER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES AND DRINKING PURPOSES.

21. CONCLUSION
• USE DIFFERENT WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES TO CONSERVE
WATER.
• GOVERNMENT SHOULD ALSO MAKE SUCH STRATEGIES, LAWS FOR
WATER STORAGE OR WATER CONSERVATION SO THAT EVERY
PERSON IN SOCIETY DO NOT USE EXCESS WATER OR RELAY ON
THAT AMOUNT WHICH HE NEEDS.
• SPREAD AWARENESS ABOUT WATER CONSERVATION METHODS.

22. REFERENCES
• (HTTP://WWW.COCA-COLAJOURNEY.COM.PK/STORIES/SAVE-WATER-SAVE-THE-
PLANT-COCA-COLA-PAKISTAN)
• (HTTP://WWW.PARC.GOV.PK/INDEX.PHP/EN/CAEWRI-RSHPROG/CAEWRI-AWMP)

24. Now the flour is open for