This document discusses the fathers of psycholinguistics, including linguists like Wilhelm Von Humboldt, Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield, and Otto Jespersen, as well as psychologists like John Dewey, Karl Bühler, Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt, John Broadus Watson, and Albert Paul Weiss. It provides brief biographies of each person and summarizes their key contributions to the fields of linguistics and psychology and how they helped establish psycholinguistics.

1. The Fathers of
Psycholinguistics
Aswir
English Education Department
Faculty of Education
Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
Even Semester 2020

2. The Fathers of
Psycholinguistics
Linguists
• Wilhelm Von Humbolt (1767-1835)
• Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
• Edward Sapir (1884-1939)
• Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949)
• Otto Jespersen (1860-1943)
Psychologists
• John Dewey (1859-1952)
• Karl Bühler (1879- 1963)
• Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (1932-
1920)
• John Broadus Watson (1878- 1958)
• Albert Paul Weiss (1879- 1931)

3. Wilhelm von Humbolt (1767-1835)
He was a linguist from Germany who
comparing grammar between different
languages and character language speaker.
The results of his research indicate that a
grammar is the nation shows the outlook
on life of the nation. Humbolt strongly
influenced the flow of rationalism which
considers that language is a part that
cannot be cut into pieces or classified as
such in the opinion of the flow of
empiricism.

4. Ferdinand de Saussure (1858-1913)
• His lecture introducing three important
terms in linguistics, namely langue,
language and parole. Langue means certain
languages that are still abstract, language
means general language, whereas parole is
concrete speech language. Saussure
stressed that linguistic studies is langue,
while the object of psychological study is
parole. Therefore that, this Swiss linguist
argues, if you want to study language as a
whole, the science that can study it is
linguistics and psychology.

5. Edward Sapir (1884-1939)
Edward Sapir (1884-1939), examines the
relationship between language and mind.
Based on his studies, this American
linguist and anthropologist concluded
that language especially its structure is an
element determine the structure of the
human mind. He also added that
linguistics can contribute to Gestalt
psychological theory, as well otherwise.

6. Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949)
Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949), there were many developments in his knowledge
influenced by two opposing schools of psychology, namely behaviorism and
mentalism. At first, this American linguist studied language with an approach to
mentalism. He argues that language begins from giving birth to extraordinary
experiences, especially because of the incarnation of pressure very strong emotion.
Because of the emotional pressure that will come out speech or sentence in the
form of exclamation, then the desire to communicate comes out in the form of a
declaration. If this declaration wishes come out in shape curiosity then the
interrogation came out. In 1925 Bloomfield leave the flow of empiricism and move
on to the flow of behaviorism, which led to the theory of language "structural
linguistics" and "linguistics taxonomy ".

7. Otto Jesperson (1860-1943)
Otto Jesperson, mentalistic and
behaviorism. Jesperson argues that
language is not a manifestation of one
objects but are symbolic functions in
the human brain which symbolizes
the mind. According to him, one
word can be realized in behavior.

8. Psychologist
John Dewey (1859-1952) was an
American psychologist who embrace
pure empiricism. He interpreted the
language of childhood based on
psychological principles. He suggested
that classification of words for
children based on the meaning of
which understood by children.

9. Karl Bühler (1879- 1963)
Karl Bühler, is an expert on German
national psychology. He wrote book
called Sparch Theorie (1934) which states
that human language has three functions
called Organon Modell der Saprch
namely Kungabe (Ausdruck) Appell
(Auslosung) and Darstellung. Kung Fu is
action communicative tangible verbal.
Appell is an intended request to other
people. Darstellung is a depiction of the
main problems that are communicated.

10. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (1932-1920)
Wundt (1932-1920), was the first German
psychologist develop mentalistic theories of
language. Wundt explained the language of the
tool to give birth to thoughts. This happens
because there are feelings and movements that
produce language unconsciously. According to
Wundt, one sentence is a reason event that
occurs naturally simultaneously. Wundt was also
famous for the theory of language performance
(language performance). This theory explains
two aspects, namely external phenomena (image
sound) and inner phenomena (mind recordings).

11. John Broadus Watson (1878- 1958)
Watson (1878-1958), equates language
behavior with other behaviors such as
eating, walking, etc. Language
behavior according to Watson is a
stimulus-response (S-R) relationship
that equates behavior words with
objects. Thus, psychologists this
American national embraces the
psychology of behaviorism.

12. Albert Paul Weiss (1879- 1931)
Weiss, acknowledges the mental aspects of language. It is just, because
the language does not appear physically it is difficult to study and
realized unless the language is in its social context. Weiss many
meritorious for the early development of psycholinguistics, some
problems which Weiss has solved psychologically-linguistically
according to his genre, behaviorism is:
a. language is a set of responses whose numbers are not limited to a
stimulus.
b. basically, language behavior unites a member society into neural
motion organizations.
c. Language behavior is a tool to change and diversify someone's
activities as a result of inheritance and acquisition results.
d. Language can be a stimulus to a response.
e. language response as a substitute stimulus for objects and the actual
circumstances allow us to bring up go back to something that
happened, and analyze this event in parts