Lesson in Understanding the Self and Theories of Personality

1. COMPONENTS OF
PERSONALITY
Prepared by:
Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd-GC
Psychology Instructor
BY: SIGMUND FREUD

2. HUMAN INSTINCTS
Freud believed that all human behavior is energized by
psychodynamic forces. Presumably, each individual has a
fixed amount of psychic (or mental) energy that he uses to
think, to learn, and to perform other mental functions.
Eros
Thanatos

3. EROS
Also known as “life instinct”.
It directs life-sustaining activities such as respiration,
eating, sex, and the fulfillment of all bodily needs.

4. THANATOS
Also known as “death instinct”.
A set of destructive forces present in all human beings. Freud
believe that eros is stronger than thanatos. He further argued
that when thanatos reach its critical point, it is shown in some
way. Arson, fights, war, murder and even masochism is an
expression of thanatos.

5. COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY
There are 3 components of personality according to
Sigmund Freud:
Id
Ego
Superego

6. THE ID
o The Id is present at birth.
o The Biological component of personality.
o It includes our instincts, needs and wants.
o Always selfish and needy.
o Operates according to the Pleasure principle.

7. PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
The idea that all of our needs and wants should be met
immediately.

8. PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
Hungry Eat

9. PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
Thirsty Drink

10. PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
Sleepy Sleep/Nap

11. THE SUPEREGO
o It develops as an individual learns what their culture considers right and
wrong.
o Always concern with what is socially acceptable.
o Pushes us to obtain the Ego ideal – your view of what is right.
o It represents our Conscience.

12. CONSCIENCE
Our view of what is considered wrong.

13. CONSCIENCE
Hungry Eat
Buy
Cook
Steal

14. CONSCIENCE
Hungry Eat
Buy
Cook
Steal

15. THE EGO
o The rational and pragmatic component of personality.
o Known as the “self”.
o The decision-maker
o Faces consequences.
o Operates in the Reality principle.

16. REALITY PRINCIPLE
The idea that the desires of the Id must be satisfied in a method
that is both socially appropriate and realistic.

17. COMPREHENSION CHECK-UP:
1. What are the 3 components of personality
according to Sigmund Freud?
2. The Id operates in _____ principle.
3. The component of personality which is known as
the “self” is the _____.
4. The personality component which represents our
conscience is the _____.
5. _____ operates in the reality principle.

18. SUMMARY

19. Id
“ I want to do
that now ”
Superego
“ It is not right to
do that ”
Ego
“ Maybe we can
compromise ”
According to Freud, our personality is always facing the conflict of the
3 components. The job of the Ego is to balance the aggressive, pleasure-
seeking drives of the Id with the moral control of the Superego.

21. COMPONENTS OF
PERSONALITY
Thank you for
paying attention.
BY: SIGMUND FREUD