2. Behaviorism
The behaviorist movement
began in 1913 when John
Watson wrote an article
entitled 'Psychology as the
behaviorist views it,' which
set out a number of
underlying assumptions
regarding methodology
and behavioral analysis:
3. Basic assumption:
One cannot define
consciousness and soul; they
can’t be located and measured,
therefore, it cannot be the
object of scientific study.
The overt behavior of human
beings and animals are the ones
to be observed.
All behaviors are response to
stimulus or agent in the
environment.
9. Operant Conditioning
1. Consequence – the result of a behavior.
2. Reinforcement – a consequence that increases
the probability of a behavior being repeated.
(Strengthens behavior).
3. Punishment – a consequence that decrease the
likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
(Weakens behavior).
10. Schedule of
Reinforcement
1. Fixed ratio schedule – reinforcement after a
fixed number of correct responses. Ex. Salary
every 15th and 30th of the month.
2. Variable ratio schedule – a varying number of
correct responses must occur before
reinforcement. Ex. Winning in a gambling.
13. Social Learning theory/ Cognitive
Learning theory / Observational
Learning theory
1. Model – can be a real person, or mass media,
who is being observed by an organism.
2. Encoding – paying attention and retention.
3. Imitation – a new behavior which is the product
of learning.