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1. Psychology

5. History of Psychology

9. Date Event 5,000 BC Trephining used to allow the escape of evil spirits. 1637 Descartes described animal spirits. Knowledge was inborn in humans. 1690 John Locke introduced the idea of tabula rasa. 1807 Franz Josef Gall proposed phrenology. 1879 Wilhelm Wundt inaugurated first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

10. Date Event 1890 Principles of Psychology published by William James. 1895 Functionalist model formulated. 1900 Sigmund Freud developed the psychodynamic perspective. 1904 Ivan Pavlov won Nobel Prize for work on digestion that led to fundamental principles of learning. 1905 Mary Calkins worked on memory.

11. Date Event 1915 Strong emphasis on intelligence testing. 1920 Gestalt psychology became the most influential. 1924 John B. Watson, an early behaviorist, published Behaviorism. 1951 Carl Rogers published Client-Centered Therapy, helping to establish the humanistic perspective. 1953 B. F. Skinner published Science and Human Behavior advocating the behavioral perspective.

12. Date Event 1954 Abraham Maslow published Motivation and Personality, developing the concept of self-actualization. 1980 Jean Piaget, influential developmental psychologist died. 1985 Increasing emphasis on cognitive perspective. 2000 New subfields developed such as clinical neuropsychology and evolutionary psychology.