The document is a presentation by Arifa Rahman on questionnaires, covering their definition, purpose, types, and guidelines for development. It outlines how to effectively distribute and analyze questionnaires, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using them as research instruments. Additionally, it categorizes structured and unstructured questions to illustrate various approaches to data gathering.

1. A Presentation on
Questionnaire
Presented by:
Arifa Rahman
MPhil Research Fellow
Dr. Wazed Research and Training Institute
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur

2. Outline of Discussion
 Definition of Questionnaire
 Sample of Questionnaire
 Purpose of Questionnaire
 Elements of Questionnaire
 Types of Questionnaire
 Guideline to Develop Questionnaire
 Distributing Questionnaires
 Analyzing the Questionnaire and
Presenting the acquired Data
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
Questionnaire

3. Definition of Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a research instrument.
It consists a series of questions or other
types of prompts for the purpose of
gathering information.

4. Sample of Questionnaire

5. Purpose of Questionnaire
 The primary purpose of a questionnaire
is to extract data from respondents.
 To make the data collection procedure
organized.
 To make the data collection easy and
less expensive.
 It helps to increase speed and accuracy
of data collection.
 Properly constructed and responsibly
administered questionnaire can be a
very important tool for gathering
standardized data.

6. Elements of Questionnaire
 Title: A clear and precise title helps to
identify the domain of the investigation and
gives a view about it.
 General introduction: This has a
description of the purpose of study.
 Specific instructions: Instruction regarding
how to carry on with the questionnaire.
 Questionnaire items: It is the main part of
the questionnaire which includes different
questions.
 Additional information: Any information
that the researcher needs to convey to the
respondent can be included.
 A "Thank you" note can be a good ending.

7. Types of Questionnaire
Mixed
Structured or
Closed Ended
i. Dichotomous (Two category)
ii. Multiple Choice
iii. Scale Questions
iv. Matrix
v. Contingency
Unstructured or
Open Ended
i. Completely Unstructured
ii. Thematic Apperception Test
iii. Word Associate
iv. Sentence, Story or Picture Completion

8. Unstructured or
Open-ended Questionnaire
Unstructured questions don't have
predetermined set of responses. A set of open
ended questions which gives opportunity to the
respondents to express their opinions in a free-
flowing manner with little to no restrictions.
Unstructured or Open-ended Questionnaire
can farther be categorized in four kinds -
1. Completely Unstructured
2. Thematic Apperception Test
3. Word Associate
4. Sentence, Story or Picture Completion

9. Completely Unstructured
Example: What are the
facilities do you expect
from your institution?
These questions are asked
to get the opinion, view or
feelings of the respondents.

10. Thematic Apperception Test
In few researches, responds may
be analyzed in terms of any theme,
conflicts, motivation, interest etc.

11. Word Associate
Example:
Family - Love
1971 - Pride
Words are presented and the
respondent mentions the first
word that comes to mind.

12. Sentence, Story or
Picture Completion
The respondent completes an
incomplete sentence, story.

13. Structured or
Closed-ended Questionnaire
Structured or Closed-ended Questionnaire is
planned and designed to collect very specific
information.
Structured or Closed-ended Questionnaire can
farther be categorized in five kinds -
1. Dichotomous (Two category)
2. Multiple Choice
3. Scale Questions
4. Matrix
5. Contingency

14. Dichotomous
The dichotomous question is generally a
“yes/ no” close-ended question. This
question is generally used in case of the
need of basic validation with two possible
responses only,
Either -
 Yes / No
 True / False
 Agree / Disagree
Example: Have you ever experienced a
service from online shop? - Yes / No

15. Multiple Choice
Multiple-choice questions are a close-
ended question type in which a respondent
has to select one (single select) or many
(multi select) responses from a given list of
options.
Example: How much time you take to eat
breakfast daily?
 10 min.
 20 min.
 30 min.
 more than 30 min.

16. Scale Questions
Researcher presents options for
respondents to rank the available
answers of the questions on the scale
of given range of values (for example
from 1 to 10).
Example:

17. Matrix
Matrix questions are simply multiple
choice questions represented in a grid
format.
Example:

18. Contingency
A question that is answered only if the
respondent gives a particular response
to a previous question. It is also known
as dependent question.
Example:

19. Semi Structured or Mixed
In some situations, you may have a list of answer
choices, but may still have some doubt or uncertainty
about other possible responses. In such situation you can
create a partially structured question.
Example: What purpose do you use web based
resources?
 For research work
 To write assignments
 To improve subject knowledge
 For the purpose of seminar presentation
 Any other (Please specify):
1.________________
2. ________________

20. Guideline to Develop
Questionnaire
The thing is to arrange the questions in such way that the
respondents will co-operate most and don’t get bored or confused.

21. Distributing Questionnaires
Questionnaires can be distributed in the following forms:
 Computer Questionnaire: In this type, respondents are sent
the questionnaire via email.
 Telephone Questionnaire: In this questionnaire type, a
researcher makes a phone call to a respondent to collect
responses.
 Mail Questionnaire: This method involves a researcher
sending a physical questionnaire request to a respondent that
can be filled in and sent back.
 In-House Questionnaire: This type of questionnaire is
conducted by a researcher that visits the home or workplace
of the respondent.
The advantage of this type of questionnaire is that the
respondent is in a comfortable and natural environment and in-
depth data can be collected. The disadvantage though is that it
is expensive.

22. Analyzing the Questionnaire and
Presenting the acquired Data
If we leave the consideration of data
analysis until data collection, then the
research work is surely heading for a fall.
We should start thinking about the data
analyses, (the way in which we want to
present the data) while planning the
questionnaire.
Statistics are designed to “tell the
story mathematically”. We must keep in
mind that, in order to portrait our research
findings clearly and acceptably we need to
analyze the Questionnaire and Present the
acquired Data accurately.

23. Advantages of Questionnaire

24. Disadvantages of
Questionnaire

25. Thanks a lot !