The document discusses the process of designing and developing a questionnaire for research. It covers topics such as identifying the goal and target respondents, choosing appropriate question types like rating scales and open-ended questions, ordering questions, pre-testing the questionnaire, and distributing it. The key steps outlined are deciding what information is needed, defining respondents, developing question content and wording, ordering questions, checking length, pre-testing, and distributing the questionnaire via methods like online surveys or interviews. Reliability of the questionnaire can be tested using Cronbach's alpha analysis.

1. DESIGN AND DEVELOMENT OF
QUESTIONNAIRE IN RESEARCH
Data Analytics online Session
Mr. R. Kaja Bantha Navas
Assistant Professor

2. Motivation
Gaps in
 Literature Review
 Problem Identification
 Research Title
 Research Objectives
Questionnaire
 Data Analysis
 Research Findings & Conclusion

3. Discussion Agenda
 Design Your Own Questionnaire
 Write Your Own Questionnaire
 Distribute Your Own Questionnaire
 Validate Your Own Questionnaire
How can We set/formulate the
Questionnaire

4. Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a technique for
collecting data in which a respondent
provides answers to a series of
questions.
A paper and pencil instrument through
which Data is obtained.
What will the questionnaire measure?
Knowledge/Attitude/beliefs/intention
Emotion/ Behavior

5. Steps in Questionnaire
1. Decide the information required.
2. Define the target respondents.
3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your target
respondents.
4. Decide on question content.
5. Develop the question wording.
6. Put questions into a meaningful order and
format.
7. Check the length of the questionnaire.
8. Pre-test the questionnaire.

6. Design Your Own Questionnaire –
(7)
 Identify the goal of your questionnaire
 Choose your question type or types
 Rating scale questions
 Develop questions (in your words) for
your questionnaire
 Identify your target demographic
 Minimize the length of your questionnaire
 Ensure you can protect privacy

7. Identify the goal of your
questionnaire
 What is your Research objective?
 What kind of information/Data do you want to
gather with your questionnaire?
 Is a questionnaire the best way to go about
collecting this information?
For Example
 To Develop hypotheses between the
Variables/Factors
 To Develop Mathematical Framework between
the Variables/Factors

8. Define the target respondents
A key component of survey design is deciding
whom to survey. You need to decide, for instance,
whether you want to target a specific
demographic or if you want answers from a broad
cross section of the public.
For example: Professionals, Bankers, Mal
Customers, Teachers, Lawyers
Target Demographic: For example, you can
consider young adult to be 18-29 years old,
adults to be 30-54 years old, and mature adults to

9. Characteristics Number Percent
Gender
 Male
 Female
Age
 16 - 30
 31 - 50
 51 - 70
 71 - 90
Packages Selection
 Apollo Health Check
 Apollo Executive
Health Check
 Apollo Heart Check
 Apollo Whole Body
34
16
1
40
8
1
44
2
2
1
1
68
32
2
80
16
2
88
4
4
2
2

10. Choose your question type or
types

11. Types of Questions
1. Pre-coded, single-choice questions
2. Open-ended questions
3. Presence-Absence questions
4. Rank-ordering questions
5. Likert-type questions
6. Branching questions

12. Pre-coded, single-choice
questions
1. What is your job title?
(1) Operation Manager (2) Project Manager
(3) Quality Manager (4) Supervisor/Engineer
(5) Executives
2. Which would best describe in your business?
(1) Micro enterprise (2) Medium enterprise
(3) Small enterprise

13. Open-ended questions
 Open-ended questions do not have pre-
set answers. Excellent way to explore new
areas.
 These questions allow the respondent to
respond in their own words. They can be
useful for gaining insight into the feelings
of the respondent, but can be a challenge
when it comes to analysis of data.

14. Open-ended questions
What is the one thing you would like to
see changed at the Company ?
_________________________________
___
_________________________________
__

15. Presence and Absence questions
Ask respondents to check off which
items in a list do or do not apply to
them
Company’s capability Yes No
Do you have the
necessary facilities for R&
D?
Is manufacturing your
core business activity?
Do you trade

16. Rank-Ordering Questions
 Rank-order questions ask respondents to
indicate an ordering of response items,
usually from least preferred to most
preferred
 this type of question asks your respondent
to rank items or choose items in a
particular order from a set. For example, it
might ask your respondents to order five
things from least to most important.

17. What sources do you prefer for writing term in
research reports ? Please rank them according to
…… (7= most preferred; 1= least preferred)
Rank-Ordering Questions
Books 1
Encyclopaedia 1
Friends 5
Internet 6
Journals 7
Lecture notes 5
Personal collection 4

18. These questions allow the respondent
to assess a particular issue based on a
given dimension. You can provide a
scale that gives an equal number of
positive and negative choices, for
example, ranging from “strongly agree”
to “strongly disagree.”
Likert Type Scale

19. How would you rate your ability to convert or
modify production processes to produce a new
product?
Likert Type Scale

20. Branching Question

21. Writing your questionnaire
My name is Rajan and I am one of the creators
of this questionnaire. I am part of the
Department of Management Studies at the
University of Madras, where I am focusing in
Impact on Cloud Based Manufacturing in Indian
MSMEs.

22. Explain the purpose of the
questionnaire, what will happen with the
data you collect
This survey is aimed to collect your views on the
future practices on cloud based manufacturing
model and in your organisation. Please spare a
few minutes to respond to the survey by simply
rating (putting a tick mark) each statement. This
will help us to identify where improvements can
be made so as to enhance the cloud based
manufacturing model for optimising
manufacturing performance.
Mention how long the questionnaire will take

23. Assure
 Make sure your questionnaire looks
professional
 Clear language for the questions.
 Always proof read. Check for spelling, grammar,
and punctuation errors.
 Embarrassing questions and hypothetical
questions should be avoided
 Include sub title. This is a good way for your
respondents to understand the focus of the
survey as quickly as possible.

24. Assure
 Begin with simple and general questions
 Move from general to specific in logical manner
 Important target questions should be asked in
the middle of the opinion survey.
 Use funnel sequence: Start with broad
questions and gradually narrow down to the
specific questions related to the topic.
 Demographic data should be obtained at the
end/initial of self administering questions

25. Assure
Thank your respondents.
 Thank them for taking the time and effort
to complete your survey.

26. Distributing Your
OwnQuestionnaire
 Do a pilot study
 Disseminate your questionnaire
 Include a deadline

27. Do a pilot study
 Plan to include 5-10 people in the pilot testing
of your questionnaire. Get their feedback on
your questionnaire by asking the following
questions:
 Was the questionnaire easy to understand?
Were there any questions that confused you?
 Was the questionnaire easy to access?
(Especially important if your questionnaire is
online).
 Do you feel the questionnaire was worth your
time?
 Were you comfortable answering the

28. Disseminate your questionnaire
 Online site
 Mail
 Face-to-face interviews
 Telephone

29. SurveyMonkey.com
This site allows you to write your own
questionnaire with their survey builder, and
provides additional options such as the
option to buy a target audience and use
their analytics to analyse your data.
₨ 4,999 /
user /
month
₨ 1,999 /
user /
month
₨ 899 /
user /
month
₨ 499 /
user /
month

30. The structure of the questionnaire
Opening Show Courtesy • Awaken the
respondents interest on the topic
Early
Questions
These should be simple, friendly, close
ended, easy to respond questions &
should convey the theme of the study
Middle Questions
Middle
Questions
Ask the Target Questions
Late Questions Ask optional questions like name, age
etc along with open-ended question here
Closing Build relation, Keep scope for future
meetings, show gratitude to the
respondent for responding, leave on a

31. Reliability
Cranach’s alpha is the most common
measure of internal consistency
("reliability"). It is most commonly used
when you have multiple Likerts questions in
a survey/questionnaire that form a scale
and you wish to determine if the scale is
reliable. In order to understand whether the
questions in this questionnaire all reliably
measure the same latent variable.

32. Cronbach's Alpha
From the table, Cronbach's alpha is 0.699, which
indicates a high level of internal consistency for our
scale with this specific sample.
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.699 24