POPULATION GEOGRAPHY vs. DEMOGRAPHY Preface of the terms. Variability between the terms. Skills to the study of Population Geography. Importance of Demographics and its Data. Factors examined by the field of demography. Demographic Transition Theory (DTT). Population Pyramid. Association between the terms. Stats / Graphs of India – with referencing to Population and Demography. India’s population projection. Bibliography.

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POPULATION GEOGRAPHY vs. DEMOGRAPHY
----- ARGHYADEEP SAHA
BSc (Hons.) in Geography (UG - V)
ROLL NO – UG/05/BSGEO/2019/017

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Listings :
1. Preface of the terms.
2. Variability between the terms.
3. Skills to the study of Population Geography.
4. Importance of Demographic and its Data.
5. Factors examined by the field of demography.
6. Demographic Transition Theory (DTT).
7. Population Pyramid.
8. Association between the terms.
9. Stats / Graphs of India – with referencing to Population and Demography.
10. India’s population projection.
11. Bibliography.

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Preface of the terms :
• POPULATION GEOGRAPHY –
• The study of the division of humans over geographical factors.
• It studies how migration, composition, distribution and growth of population relate to the natural geographical places.
• It can figure out the population density of different geographical areas and also it analyses the reasons as to why
certain places are crowded, whereas some places have less number of people.

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Preface of the terms :
• DEMOGRAPHY –
• The study of the human population through examining the statistics over the time.
• Focuses on factors like human birth, death, aging and migration* and it studies the changing patterns of these factors.
• Show the economic, social, cultural and biological processes behind population growth.
• Most common ratios of demography are crude birth rate, fertility rate, crude death rate, stationary population, net
migration, etc.
• Very important to a country in order to identify the population growth patterns.
* The term migration is used to study the changing patterns of demographic factors.

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Variability between the terms:
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY DEMOGRAPHY
• Deals in the spatial distribution of the
human population.
• Deals with population growth.
• Even though population geography studies
demographic factors as well, its primary
concern falls to migration.
• Mainly focuses on birth, aging and death
rates of the human population.
• Population geography involves
demography in a geographical perspective.
• The size and composition of these
populations is regulated by the
demographic processes of fertility,
mortality, and migration.
Example – Population density of different
geographical areas.
Example – Analyze the patterns and variations
of population growth over a specific period.

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• Geographers have developed a set of spatial theories of -
◦ Location
◦ Distribution
◦ Interaction and processes
Geographers applied skills to examine the study of Population
Geography:

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Geographers applied skills to examine the study of Population
Geography:
• Geographers have invented a unique set of methods of spatial analysis and innovative multi-modal representational forms.
• Geographers use place-based reasoning to solve a variety of problems relating to human-environment relations.
• Geographers can use their special spatial skills to –
• help in the process of political redistricting.
• analyze population growth or decline.

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Geographers applied skills to examine the study of Population
Geography:
• At the state level, geographers with training in settlement theory –
• Monitor the growth and decline of small towns.
• Undertake economic and environmental impact analyses.
• Investigate changes in local, regional, and statewide economic bases by using spatially sensitive input-output models.
• Analysis of population growth or decline –
• particularly via intrastate,
• interstate, and
• international migration.

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Geographers applied skills to examine the study of Population
Geography:
• Examining the regional effects of undocumented immigration and transient international workers has become a major skill
developed by today's geographers.
• Monitoring recreational and tourist movements has become more important as leisure time has increased and as “summer
home” ownership has flourished.
Examples –
• Frostbelt to Sunbelt movements
• “Snowbird” migration

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Importance of Demography and its Data:
• Citing the importance of demographic data, the programme of action of the united nations international conference on
population and development, Cairo 1994, states “The everyday activities of all human beings affect community patterns and
levels of use of natural recourses, the state of the environment, and the pace and quality of economic and social
development”.
• Demographic data provide a basis for predicting future trends and making informed decisions.
• Demographic data are important for the formulation implementation, and evaluation of plans, policies, and programs for
education’ ,housing, health, employment, transportation ,recreational needs and other forms of social services.
• Demographic data can guide policy makers in meeting the needs and of various sectors of the society, such as the young, the
adult and aged, the unemployed, the poor, and the various cultural groups.

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Factors examined by the field of demography:
• Birth rates in a population – Number of live births per hundred or per thousand population per year.
• Death rate in a population – Number of total deaths per 1,000 of the population per year.
• Population size - Number of individuals / humans in a population.
• Predator-prey interactions – Predators influence prey demography through consumption, but the mere presence of predators
may trigger behavioral changes in prey that, if persistent or intense, may also influence prey demography.
• Distribution of ages in a population – The proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given
population.

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Demographic Transition Theory (DTT):
• A particular pattern of demographic change from high
fertility and high mortality to low fertility to low
mortality. The above pattern shows how a
society progresses from a rural agrarian society to
urban industrial and modern society.
• The most accepted 5 stages of demographic
transition –
Stage 1: High Population Growth Potential.
Stage 2: Population Explosion.
Stage 3: Population Growth Starts to Level Off.
Stage 4: Stationary Population.
Stage 5: Further Changes in Birth Rates.
Demographic Transition Theory and its 5 stages
Source - Our World in Data

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Population Pyramid:
• Way to visualize two variables: age and sex.
• A population pyramid is a graph that shows the distribution of
ages across a population divided down the center between
male and female members of the population.
• It is called a population pyramid because when a population is
growing the graphic forms the shape of a triangle.
• There are three main trends in populations that affect the
shape of a population pyramid.
Expansive pyramids.
Constrictive pyramids.
Stationary pyramids.
Demography of World Population (1950 - 2100)
Source - Our World in Data

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Association between the terms:
• Both population geography and demography, are concerned with human population and its growth over the time.
• Sub-study fields of Sociology.
• Geographers have taken the cultural features are common both to demography and population geography.
• Demographic movement is due to the influence of soil movement, movement of water overland, climate, biotic processes,
organizational evolution and development of resources and the changes and in population geography takes place due to
change in these factors

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Stats / Graphs of India –
Referencing to the Population and Demography:
1 of every 6 people on the planet live in
India, and between the 2001 and 2011
censuses, the country grew by 17.7%, adding
181.5 million people.
The country has doubled in size in just 40
years, and is expected to unseat China as the
world's most populated country in the next
couple of decades. India's current yearly
growth rate is {growth Rate}.
In Mumbai, the population density is 21,000
people per square kilometer (54,000/square
mile).

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Stats / Graphs of India –
Referencing to the Population and Demography:
Source - World Population Review
• The current population of India in 2021 is
1,393,409,038, a 0.97% increase from
2020.
• The population of India in 2020 was
1,380,004,385, a 0.99% increase from
2019.
• The population of India in 2019 was
1,366,417,754, a 1.02% increase from
2018.
• The population of India in 2018 was
1,352,642,280, a 1.04% increase from
2017.mile).

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Stats / Graphs of India –
Referencing to the Population and Demography:
Source - World Population Review

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Stats / Graphs of India –
Referencing to the Population and Demography:
Source - Macrotrends
• The current birth rate for India in 2021 is
17.377 births per 1000 people, a 1.22%
decline from 2020.
• The birth rate for India in 2020 was
17.592 births per 1000 people, a 1.2%
decline from 2019.
• The birth rate for India in 2019 was
17.806 births per 1000 people, a 1.19%
decline from 2018.
• The birth rate for India in 2018 was
18.020 births per 1000 people, a 1.68%
decline from 2017.
India Birth Rate 1950-2021

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Stats / Graphs of India –
Referencing to the Population and Demography:
Source - Macrotrends
• India immigration statistics for 2015 was
5,240,960.00, a 3.59% decline from 2010.
• India immigration statistics for 2010 was
5,436,012.00, a 8.23% decline from 2005.
• India immigration statistics for 2005 was
5,923,642.00, a 7.61% decline from 2000.
• India immigration statistics for 2000 was
6,411,272.00, a 7.78% decline from 1995.
India Immigration Statistics 1960-2015

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India’s population projection:
• India's population continues to grow fairly steadily as the years progress. Most notably, the population is growing faster than
China's. India is expected to surpass China as the world's most populous country around 2024, but like China, the growth is
expected to stagnate and eventually decrease in the latter half of the 21st century.
THE POPULATION PYRAMID OF INDIA, 2050
Source - Population Pyramid

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Bibliography:
• Reference supplementary materials and resources –
• OUR WORLD IN DATA
• WORLD POPULATION REVIEW
• MACROTRENDS
• Mvorganizing
THANK YOU !
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