The Mughals made major contributions to architecture in India, constructing several iconic buildings during their rule. Some of the most famous buildings include the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, and Agra Fort. Mughal emperors like Shah Jahan and Akbar encouraged developments in other arts as well, such as painting, literature, and music. Mughal painting flourished under Akbar and Jahangir but declined during Aurangzeb's rule when he banned paintings. Literature also grew, with many royals and poets contributing works. The Mughals established a unique architectural style combining elements from Persian, Indian and Islamic styles, seen in their extensive and ornate building projects

1. MUGHAL
ART

2. Introduction
Major Mughal contribution to the Indian
subcontinent was their unique architecture.
Many monuments were built by the Muslim
emperors, especially Shah jahan, during the
Mughal era. One of them is the world famous Taj
Mahal. Others are Fatehpur sikri, Red fort,
Qutb Minar and Agra fort and many more.

3. Babur
Humayun
Akbar
Jahangir
Shah jahan
Aurangzeb
.
.
.
Bahadur Shah Jafar II (the last emperor)

4. Mughal
Paintings

6. •Under the rule of King Akbar, there was a large scale growth of
Painting experience.
•He encouraged paintings based on Ramayana, Mahabharata and
Persian epics. It also used to depict nature, animal tales and
portraits of Kings and Queens.
•The king who showed the maximum interest in painting was
Emperor Jahangir.
•This period saw more and more refinement in brushwork, along
with the use of much lighter colours.
•During the rule of Aurangzeb, Painting was not allowed and thus
Mughal style of painting started to decline.

8. BAHABAR SHAH JAFAR

10. A rare picture of Bahadur Shah Jafar awaiting trial

11. Mughal Literature

12. • Islamic schools were attached to mosques, Khanqah of the
Sufis and tombs.
• Students received education free of cost. Famous scholars
received fixed stipends from the royal treasury.
• Nizamiyyah ( model of madrasa) system of education was
introduced.
• Nizamiyyah institutes were the first well organized higher
institutes of learning in the Muslim world. The quality of
education was the highest in the Islamic world.
• Girls from rich families were given private tuitions at home
and girls from middle class were usually able to attend classes
in the same schools as the boys.

13. • The Mughal period saw great developments in
the field of literature.
• Many Mughal emperors and members of the
royal family were great men of letters.
• Babar the first Mughal emperor was one of the
pioneers of Turkish poetry and also the author of
a very valuable autobiography in Turkish
BabarNama which was later translated into
Persian
• Jahangir the great connoisseur of painting wrote
his autobiography the Tuzuk-i- Jahangiri.
• The last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar
was a notable Urdu poet.

14. • Hindi literature made significant progress during
Akbar’s reign.
• Tulsidas and the Surdas wrote in this
period.Keshavdas a great poet wrote on themes
of love
• Abul Fazl wrote the Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar
Nama during Akbar’s reign.
• Akbar also encouraged the translation of
Mahabharat, Bhagvad Gita, Panchatantra, etc.
• One of the most significant developments during
the medieval period was the birth of the Urdu
language.
• It produced great poets like Wali, Mir Dard, Mir

16. Mughal Architecture
• A style that combines elements from Persian, Indian,
and Islamic architectural styles is the finest example of Mughal
architecture in India.
• It is symmetrical and decorative in style.
• The buildings wore a look of grace, beauty, grandeur and
richness.
• Red stone was substituted by White Mrbles and Precious
Stones.
• The Pietra Dura style became a became a popular feature of this
period.
It was a technique of sculpturing marble and highlighting them
with precious stones.

17. Babur – Most of the monuments he constructed
collapsed just 3 mosques are remaining in North
India( Panipat, Sambhal in Rajhasthan and Ayodhya)
Humayun – Didn't have much time to build due to
problems at home though he build one Palace called
Dinpanah.
Akbar- He built many buildings such as forts, gardens,
mosques, etc. He even established the city of
Fatehpur sikri .Some buildings from there are Birbal
Mahal, Panch Mahal, Jami Masjid, Jodha bai Mahal,
etc.

18. Shah Jahan – Mughal architecture reached its height during the
reign of Shahjahan. He demolished most of the buildings built
by Akbar and built them back again using marble.
The most popular builiding by him- Taj mahal was built in
memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal who died during a
child birth. It took 20 years to complete the construction. Other
famous buildings are Red Fort, Moti masjid, Diwan-i-Khas, etc.
Aurangzeb - Did not show much interest in art or architecture
but he built few mosquesand also tried to replicate Taj mahal
but it could no way match the real one.

19. Jodhabai Palace Birbal Palace
Jami Masjid, Delhi

21. Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi

24. Sheesh Mahal

25. Mughal throne

26. MUGHAL MUSIC
During the Mughal period, especially under Akbar's reign, temple music
took a backseat and durbar sangeet came into being.
Music was composed mainly to sing praises of the masters. There were
numerous musician irrespective of gender or religion.
The main instruments were Sarmandal, bin, nay, karna and tanpura.
The musicians came from far and wide and the music was rich and
varied.
Akbar’s court was witness to a complete fusion of the Persian and Indian
music systems. But Aurangzeb was a puritan thus did not support any
type of art or architecture

28. Other arts popular at the mughal court were Jewellery,
Fashion designing or embroidery, writing, perfumery
and so on.

29. THANK YOU