Kinds of sentence & Parts of speech

1. Course:
Functional English I
Undergraduate/Graduate Program
Instructor: Aqsa Ijaz
Class: BS-SE
ADP-IT

2. When we speak or communicate we use
“words” to convey our ideas & thoughts.

3. •Group of words/ collection of words which
gives complete sense is called “Sentence”.

4. Declarative/ Assertive Sentence
A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called a
Declarative or Assertive sentence.

5. Interrogative Sentence
A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative
sentence.

6. Imperative Sentence
A sentence that expresses a command or an entreaty is called an
Imperative sentence.

7. Exclamatory Sentence
A sentence that expresses strong feeling is called an
Exclamatory sentence.

8. • Subject
Name of some person or thing
• Predicate
Something about that person or thing.

9. Words are divided into different kinds or classes, called Parts of
Speech, according to their use; that is, according to the work
they do in a sentence.

10. A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
(The word thing is used to mean anything that we can think of.)

11. • Proper Noun
A Proper Noun is the name of some particular person
or place.
• Common Noun
A Common Noun is a name given in common to every
person or thing of the same class or kind.

12. • Collective Noun
A Collective Noun is the name of a number (or
collection) of persons or things taken together and spoken of
as one whole.
• Abstract Noun
An Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality,
action, or state considered apart from the object to which it
belongs

13. • Countable Noun
Countable nouns are the names of objects, people, etc.
that we can count. Countable nouns have plural forms.
• Uncountable Noun
Uncountable nouns are the names of things which we
can measure but cannot count, e.g., milk, oil, sugar, gold,
honesty. They mainly denote substances and abstract things.
Uncountable nouns do not have plural form.

14. Adjective means added to. Adjective is a word used with a noun
to add something for its meaning.

15. • Adjectives of Quality
Adjectives of Quality answer the question : Of what kind ?
Adjectives of Quality show the kind or quality of a person or thing.
• Adjectives of Quantity
Adjectives of Quantity answer the question: How much?
Adjectives of Quantity show how much of a thing is meant

16. • Adjectives of Number
Adjectives of Number (or Numeral Adjectives) show how
many persons or things are meant, or in what order a person or thing
stands.
• Demonstrative Adjective
Demonstrative Adjectives answer the question: Which ?
Demonstrative Adjectives point out which person or thing is meant.

17. • Interrogative Adjective
What, which and whose, when they are used with nouns to
ask questions, are called Interrogative Adjectives.
• Emphasizing Adjective
the words own and very are used as Emphasizing Adjectives

18. • Exclamatory Adjective
The word what is sometimes used as an Exclamatory
Adjective.
• Possessive Adjective
• Personal Title

19. Adjectives change in form to show comparison. They are called the
three Degrees of Comparison.
• Positive Degree
• Comparative Degree
• Superlative Degree

20. Pronoun means “for a noun”. A Pronoun is a word used instead
of a Noun.

21. I, we, you, he, (she, it), they are called Personal Pronouns because
they stand for the three persons.
• the person speaking – First person
• the person spoken to – Second person
• the person spoken of – Third person

22. When -self is added to my, your, him, her, it, and -selves to our, your,
them, we get what are called Compound Personal Pronouns.

23. • Reflexive Pronoun
Compound Personal Pronouns are called Reflexive
Pronouns when the action done by the subject turns back
upon the subject.
• Emphatic Pronoun
When Compound Personal Pronouns are used for the
sake of emphasis, they are called Emphatic Pronouns.

24. • Demonstrative Pronoun
When pronouns are used to point out the objects to
which they refer are called Demonstrative Pronouns.
• Indefinite Pronoun
When Pronouns are used to refer to persons or things
in a general way, but do not refer to any person or thing in
particular. They are called Indefinite Pronouns.

25. • Distributive Pronoun
Each, either, neither are called Distributive Pronouns
because they refer to persons or things one at a time. For this
reason they are always singular and as such followed by the
verb in the singular.
• Relative Pronoun
Relative Pronoun refers or relates to some noun going
before which is called its Antecedent
• Interrogative Pronoun
Interrogative pronouns are similar in form to Relative
Pronouns. But the work which they do is different. They are
here used for asking questions.

26. A Verb is a word that tells or asserts something about a person or
thing. It is the most important word in a sentence.

27. • Transitive Verb
A Transitive Verb is a Verb that denotes an action which
passes over from the doer or Subject to an object.
• Intransitive Verb
An Intransitive Verb is a Verb that denotes an action
which does not pass over to an object, or which expresses a
state or being.

28. An Adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a Verb, an
Adjective or another Adverb.

29. • Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Time show when the action has taken place.
• Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of Frequency show how often the action has
taken place.
• Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Place show where the action has taken
place.

30. • Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of Manner show how or in what manner the
action has taken place.
• Adverbs of Degree or Quantity
Adverbs of Degree or Quantity show how much, or in
what degree or to what extent the action has taken place.

31. • Adverbs of Affirmation & Negation
Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation verifies or denies
the occurrence/ happening of the action.
• Adverbs of Reason
Adverbs of Reason show why the action has taken
place.