This slide is prepared in order to aware students and people against Rabies and help them to take necessary steps to prevent from such dreadful diseases.

1. World Rabies day
Anup Muni Bajracharya

2. 28 September is World Rabies Day
• It is celebrated annually to raise awareness about rabies prevention and to
highlight progress in defeating this horrifying disease.
• 28 September also marks the anniversary of Louis Pasteur's death, the
French chemist and microbiologist, who developed the first rabies vaccine.
• Today, safe and efficacious animal and human vaccines are among the
important tools that exist to eliminate human deaths from rabies while
awareness is the key driver for success of communities to engage in
effective rabies prevention.

3. Rabies is a vaccine-preventable viral disease which occurs in more than 150 countries and
territories.
Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of brain in humans and other mammals.
What’s Rabies ?

4. order Mononegavirales
family Rhabdoviridae
Lyssavirus genus
Causative agent

7. Symptoms
• Early infection may be marked only by a mild fever and headache.
• Symptoms developing after the incubation period (20 to 90 days) will
invariably be severe and include confusion, excessive salivation,
seizures, paralysis, delirium, and coma.
• Once symptoms appear, death is, sadly, almost inevitable.

8. • The symptoms of rabies can be characterized by the stages of
infection, broadly described as
• the incubation period,
• the prodromal period, and
• the acute neurologic period.

9. Incubation Period
• The incubation period is the time between exposure to the virus and
the first appearance of symptoms.
• The period can run anywhere 20 to 90 days on average but may be
shorter or longer based on the severity of the exposure.
• For example, symptoms in a person with a mild bite may take months
to develop. Those with deep or multiple wounds of the neck or head
may see symptom progression within weeks.
• Symptoms of rabies during the incubation period may include:Fever
• A headache
• Tingling or burning sensation at the site of the exposure (known
as paresthesia)

10. Prodromal Period
• The prodromal period is described by the first appearance of symptoms. This is
when the virus first enters the central nervous system and begins to cause damage.
• The prodromal phase tends to run from two to 10 days on average and may cause
such symptoms as:
• Fatigue
• A general feeling of unwellness (malaise)
• Loss of appetite (anorexia)
• A sore, swollen throat (pharyngitis)
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Agitation
• Insomnia
• Anxiety and depression

11. Acute Neurologic Period
• The acute neurologic period lasts anywhere from two to seven days and
will almost invariably end in death. The types and characteristics of
symptoms can vary
• Furious rabies is the type most people with experience. As its name
suggests, this form of rabies is characterized by violent physical and
neurologic symptoms.
• Paralytic rabies affects up to 30 percent of people and will cause muscles
to gradually weaken, starting from the site of the exposure and expanding
outward. Paralysis and death will eventually ensue (usually by respiratory
failure).
• Atypical rabies is a type most often associated with bat bites. It may
involve symptoms from both furious and paralytic forms of the disease.

12. • Symptoms of rabies occurring during the acute neurologic period may include:
• Hyperactivity
• Excessive salivation
• Hydrophobia (a distressing symptom characterized by an unquenchable thirst, an
inability to swallow, and panic when presented with fluids to drink)
• Priapism (persistent and painful erection of the penis)
• Extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Confusion and incoherence
• Aggression (including thrashing and biting)
• Hallucinations
• Seizures
• Partial paralysis
• Delirium
• These symptoms will soon to lead to a coma as the rabies infection causes massive brain
inflammation. Without intensive supportive care, death will usually occur within hours or
days.

16. How Rabies Is Treated
• Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
• Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the only treatment strategy known
to prevent rabies-related deaths.
• This treatment includes extensive washing and local treatment of the
wound followed by a course of a potent and effective rabies vaccine.
• When given in time, PEP can stop the rabies virus from entering the
central nervous system and, in turn, prevent the onset of rabies
symptoms.
• To date, no one in the United States has developed rabies when given
the vaccine promptly and appropriately, according to the National
Institutes of Health.

17. Vaccination
• Vaccination against rabies is
used in two distinct situations:
• to protect those who are at risk
of exposure to rabies, i.e.
preexposure vaccination;
• to prevent the development of
clinical rabies after exposure has
occurred, usually following the
bite of an animal suspected of
having rabies, i.e. post-exposure
prophylaxis.

20. • 28 September 2017| Geneva – World Rabies Day marks the
announcement of the biggest global anti-rabies initiative, as
• the World Health Organization (WHO),
• the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE),
• the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and
• the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC)
reveal an ambitious plan to end human deaths from dog-transmitted
rabies by 2030.

23. Prevention
• Vaccinate your pets — dogs, and
cats can be infected by rabies.
• Vaccinate –pre exposure
vaccination- working with rabies.
• Report any stray animals to your
local health authorities or animal-
control officer.
• Remind kids that animals can be
"strangers," too.
• They should never touch or feed
stray cats or dogs wandering in the
neighborhood or elsewhere.

24. • Medical Mystery: Only One Person Has Survived Rabies without
Vaccine--But How?