Mechanical safety

1. Mechanical Safety

2. Safety In Mechanical
Maintenances Job
Prepared By
A.Prasad roshan
prasadroshan1982@gmail.com

3. What is safety ?
Protecting your self and
others
Safety is the absence of
injury,
Procedures intended to prevent
injury
Freedom from danger, risk, or injury
Safety First, Last and Always

4. SAFE WORK
ENVIRONMENTS
 Clean work area
 Tools would be clean
 Proper tools for opening /closing
 All equipment safety guards installed
 Equipment and power tools properly
grounded
For All Job ,Safety First!

5. Safety awareness is important on the job
to stay away you from hurting or
killing someone else
Safety awareness
Safety awareness saves lives

6. 0
LOSS
FAILURE
DEFECT
DOUBT
ACCIDENT
BREAKDOWN
Safety is no accident

7. What is an accident in industrial
establishment ?
The FACTORIES ACT,1948, defines
accident as, "an occurrence (act of something
happening) in an industrial establishment
causing bodily injury to a person which makes
him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48
hours”

8. COMMON CAUSES OFACCIDENTS
 Falling
 Inhaling
 Electrical Contact
 Exposure to Heat or Cold
 Striking Against
 Getting Hit
 Getting Caught in
 Exposure to Fire
Think Safety

9. WHAT ARE HAZARDS?
UNSAFE ACTS
 OPERATING WITHOUT AUTHORITY
 FAILURE TO SECURE OR STORE MATERIALS PROPERLY
 FAILURE TO SIGNAL OR ADVISE
 OPERATING AT UNSAFE SPEEDS
 CAUGHT IN OR BETWEEN
 CONTACT WITH
 STRUCK BY
 FALL FROM OR ONTO
 SLIP OR TRIP
 WHAT IF?

10. 10
WHAT ARE HAZARDS?
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
 Lack of training for personnel
 Hazardous arrangement of tools,
machines, equipment, supplies, etc.
 Improper illumination
 Unsafe ventilation

11. 11
HAZARD SOURCES
 sources of MOTION
 sources of EXTREME temperatures
 types of chemical exposures
 sources of harmful dust
 sources of light radiation
 sources of falling objects
 sources of sharp objects
 sources or rolling or pinching objects
 layout of workplace and location of co
workers
 any electrical hazards

12. 12
WHAT IS PPE?
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Equipment worn by an
employee that is designed to
prevent injury or illness from
a specific hazard.

13. It's better to correct an unsafe friend than to bury one

14. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
 Eye protection comes in many forms, such as safety glasses,
goggles, face shields, and welding protection.
 Your supervisor will select the proper eye protection for the
hazard, but the most important thing is for you to wear it
when provided.
 Don’t wear old or loose-fitting clothing that can get caught in
moving machinery.
 Wear serviceable leather top shoes. Athletic shoes don’t offer
foot protection
 Be aware that long hair and jewelry can get caught in
moving machinery.
 When handling rough or sharp parts, wear the proper gloves
for your hands.

15. PPE - MANY GLOVES FOR
DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
Neoprene
Polyvinyl
Alcohol
(PVC)
Wire mesh
Polyvinyl
Chloride (PVC)
Nitrile
Natural
Rubber
Leather
Kevlar Welding
Cotton
Anti-vibration

16. Glove Uses
Cotton Light duty material handling and cleanup work
Leather Equipment handling, general construction, heavy cleanup,
welding, moderately hot or cold material handling
Shock absorbing Operating rotary hammers and other vibrating equipment
Kevlar or Wire mesh Work with sheet metal, glass, or heavy cutting
These gloves Do Not provide puncture protection
Rubber, nitrile,
neoprene, PVC, PVA
and other synthetics
Chemical gloves must be chosen for the specific chemical
being used
Insulated Extreme high and low temperatures
Which Glove is Best?

17. 4 GENERAL SHOP SAFETY RULES
 Do not use a power tool until you
understand it thoroughly and it has been
demonstrated by the instructor.
 Use guards on power tools
 Always keep fingers away from the moving
cutting edges
 Keep the floor around the work area clean

18. HAND OPERATED TOOLS
Tools must be
guarded
When you gamble with safety you bet your life

19. SCREWDRIVERS
 When using screwdrivers, place the object on a
flat surface or in a Don’t hold it in your
hand!
 Don’t use screwdrivers as chisels or pry bars
 Use the correct size driver for the screw
 Don’t use screwdrivers with chipped tips

20. KNIVES
 Use safety knives whenever
possible
 Keep knife blades sharp
 Cut away from your body
 Do not use knife blades as
screwdrivers
 Avoid working on the same
object when a co-worker is
using a knife
Safety Knives

21. HAMMERS
 Never use a hammer with a broken, cracked, or
loose handle
 Use the correct hammer for the job
 Don’t strike a hammer face with another hammer

22. HAND SAWS
 Use moderate pressure on hack saws to prevent
blade failure
 Spray saw blades lightly with lubricant prior to use
 Keep blades sharp

23. CHISELS
 When possible use a safety chisel
 Don’t use chisels with mushroomed heads
 Use the correct chisel for the job
 Don’t use chisels as lever open bars
Safety chisel

24.  Use the correct sized wrench for the job
 Don’t use pliers with worn grooves
 Don’t use pliers over-tight bolts and nuts
WRENCHES

25. EXTREME TEMPERATURES
 Use high-temperature
gloves to handle hot or
cold parts and
equipment

26. SHARPS DISPOSAL
Never dispose of used razor blades, broken glass, or other
sharp objects in regular trash cans! Keep a metal can
specifically for disposal of sharp objects.

27. 27
Portable Tools

28.  Disconnect power tools when not in use and before
changing bits, blades, and other accessories
 Wear anti-vibration gloves when using power tools that
vibrate excessively
 Never remove guards!
 Ground power tools unless double insulated
 Don’t wear gloves if they can get caught on
 rotating parts
 Secure work in a or on a bench - Don’t hold it in
your hand!
PORTABLE POWER TOOLS

29. 29
The spindle speed of the machine shall be checked before
mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not exceed the
maximum operating speed marked on the wheel.
Max RPM

30. SHOP TOOLS
 Unplug or Lockout tools before changing blades
 Keep tools sharp
 Never remove guards
 Use a drill press vise when drilling – Don’t hold
parts with your hands!
Drill press vise

31. 31
Abrasive wheels shall be
used only on machine
provided with safety
guards.
Portable abrasive
wheels

32.  Don’t wear gloves when operating bench grinders
 Never remove guards!
 Maintain proper clearances on tool rests and tongue guards
 Use vice grips when grinding small parts
Maintain tool rest
within
1/8” of the wheel
Maintain tongue guard
within
¼” of the wheel
Don’t use grinders on aluminum unless the wheel is
specifically intended for use with aluminum!
Bench Grinders

33. Immediately before mounting, all wheels shall be closely
inspected and sounded by the user
Ring test

34. JEWELRY
 Remove jewelry before
using power tools or
working on machines
No pain know safety

35. 35
“FATAL FACT”
Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired
from a powder actuated tool. Tool operator was
attempting to anchor a plywood.

36. 36
“FATAL FACT”
Employees performing remodeling operations building a wall.
Operator was attempting to anchor plywood to a 2”x 4” stud. The nail
penetrated the stud and struck the victim. One worker killed when
struck by a nail from a powder-actuated tool.

37. EQUIPMENT HANDLING
• Use tag lines
• Wear leather gloves
• Never place your hand on top of the load or between the
load and a fixed object
• Inspect hooks and chain slings before use

38. POWER TOOL SAFETY
 Don’t operate a machine until:
 Receiving proper instruction
 You fully understand how to use it
 You have permission
 Always wear eye protection
 Know and understand all the manufacturers’
safety rules

40. PREVENTING BACK INJURIES
The best way to prevent back injuries is to develop
habits that reduce the strain placed on the back. There
are some basic things you can do to help.
Avoid Lifting and Bending Whenever You Can!
Place objects up off the floor. If you can set
Something down on a table or other elevated
surface instead of on the floor, do it so you won't
have to reach down to pick it up again.
Raise / lower shelves. The best zone for lifting is
between your shoulders and your waist. Put heavier
objects on shelves at waist level, lighter objects on
lower or higher shelves.

41. USE PROPER LIFTING
PROCEDURES
 Take a balanced stance with your feet
about a shoulder-width apart. one foot can
be behind the object and the other next to
it.
 Squat down to lift the object, but keep
your heels off the floor. Get as close to the
object as you can. Keep your back
straight.
 Use your palms (not just your fingers) to
get a secure grip on the load. Make sure
you'll be able to maintain a hold on the
object without switching your grip later.

42. USE PROPER LIFTING
PROCEDURES
 Lift gradually (without jerking) using your leg, abdominal and buttock
muscles and keeping the load as close to you as possible. Keep your chin
tucked in so as to keep a relatively straight back and neck line.
 Once you're standing, change directions by
pointing your feet in the direction you want
to go and turning your whole body. Avoid
twisting at your waist while carrying a load.
 By following these lifting guidelines and by
practicing good body/back management,
you can prevent back injuries on the job and
at home.

43. FINALLY…….
Don’t forget the most common
causes of back injury
 Bending
 Twisting
 Heavy Lifting
Stay safe, someone at home is waiting for you

44. SEMINAR

45. Confined Space Entry
Definitions:
The entrant is the person who enters a confined space.
The attendant is the person who stays with the entrant
outside the confined space, and is responsible for assisting
the entrant in exiting the confined space, and calling for
emergency assistance when required.
The safety representative is the qualified person who
evaluates the hazards, prescribes required equipment
and precautions and issues the Confined Space Entry Permit.

46. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY -
HAZARDS
Both animal and plant life
require oxygen to live. One of the
primary hazards of entering
confined spaces is oxygen
deficiency.
When oxygen is present in
concentrations less than 19.5%
the atmosphere is said to be
oxygen deficient.
O2
O2

47. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDS
Oxygen in concentrations
greater than 23% is too
oxygen rich and can cause
combustible materials to
ignite very quickly.

48. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDS
Oxygen deficiency can be caused by several
processes:
Consumption: oxygen is used up by the person who is in the
confined space and turned into carbon
dioxide.
Displacement: denser materials push the oxygen out of
the occupied space.
Reaction: oxygen is reacted with other materials
to make other compounds.

49. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
The entry of a confined space begins with a
Confined Space Entry Permit.
Confined Space Entry Permit
Location and Description of Confined Space:
Reason for Entry:
Permit Issued to (Name of Company/Organization):
The permit system requires
that a qualified safety
representative visit the
work location and evaluate
the conditions under which
entry will be made.

50. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Each process hazard to which
the entrant may be exposed,
adjacent operations or processes,
and scheduled activity
are reviewed. For each hazard
identified, countermeasures
are detailed on the Confined
Space Entry Permit.

51. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
The safety representative
tests the space for
hazardous concentrations
of known harmful
substances, such as
hydrogen sulfide,
carbon monoxide, and
flammable liquid or gas.
The concentration
of oxygen is measured
at the same time.

52. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDS
If concentrations of
materials are found to
be at harmful levels,
the confined space
must be ventilated to
remove them before
entry.
??
??
??
Fresh Air
Fresh outside
air is blown into
the space to dilute
and remove
contaminants, and
supply oxygen.
O2
O2
O2
O2

53. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Means of emergency rescue
must be readily available
to the confined space
entry attendant for
emergency
extrication of
entrants.

54. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
A means must be provided
for both safe normal entry
or exit , and emergency
disconnection. Tripods with hoist,
lifeline, and full body harness
are often used for emergency
extrication. Ladders may be
used for ordinary entry and
exit.

55. o
Danger
Do not use!
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Confined Space Entry Permit
Requirements
Ground Fault Interruption yes no
Lockout of Hazardous
Energy Sources yes no
Required countermeasures also
include prevention of electrical
shock hazards due to loss of
earth ground for portable tools.
GFCI’s are required for portable
electric tooling.
There may also be a need to
lockout and tag equipment both
in the confined space and on
adjacent equipment and processes.

56. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Entrants must leave the
confined space when the
monitor alarm is activated.
It is the attendant’s
responsibility to see that
the entrant leaves the
space during an alarm.
CO
CO2
O2
Entrants must constantly monitor
the confined space for toxic gases,
oxygen, and combustible gases.
Entrants will be issued a personal
monitor to wear
for this
purpose.

57. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
The attendant should
attempt to remove the
entrant from the confined
space using tripods, hoist, and
lifelines.
Attendants are NOT
TO ENTER CONFINED
SPACES.
Only properly equipped
and trained emergency rescue
personnel may enter confined
spaces to make rescues.

58. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - SUMMARY
Confined space entry hazards can include:
- the presence of toxic substances
- insufficient oxygen, or too much oxygen
- presence of combustible gases and liquids
- process or equipment related hazards.
- conditions changing from nonhazardous
to hazardous.