dog management and diseases

1. CARE & MANAGEMENT OF
DOGS
• Diseases, prevention,
Immunization,Breeding
• Licencing, ABC rules, PCA Act
• Opportunities in Dog rearing
• Management of Zoonotic Diseases

2. COMMON DISEASES IN
DOGS

3. SIGNS OF HEALTH IN DOGS
• Bright, Active, Alert
• Moist Nose
• Eyes & Ear- without any discharge
• Adequate body weight-(According to
breed)
• Gums Pink/Pale roseate, teeth –White
• Skin & hair coat- Sooth, shining
• External orifice- without any discharge
• Temperature 102*F(38.9*C)

4. COMMON SIGNS OF ILLNESS
IN DOGS
• 1.Loss of Appetite
• 2Vomiting
• 3.Diarrhoea
• 4.Discharge from nostrils
• 5.Discharge from Eyes
• 6.Fever
• 7.Coughing
• 8.Bleeding
• 9.Bloated abdomen
• 10.Change in Urine colour

5. SYNCOPE
External Trauma
Drowning
Electric Shock
Heat Stroke
First aid-Extend neck, keep tongue
out, Press chest

6. POISONING
• Rat Poison
• Insecticide
• Pesticide
• Paint / other chemicals
• First Aid-
• Gastric lavage
• Contact your Vet. urgently

7. SNAKE BITE
• Cobra, Krait- Neurotoxic
• Viper- Hemotoxic
• Symptoms- History of bite, frothy
salivation,
• Tremors,Head drooping,signs of
paralysis starting from hind limbs
• Swelling at the site of bite, unclotted
blood oozing from wound.

8. SNAKE BITE
• First aid- tourniquet, wash , apply ice..
• Treatment
• Contact your Vet…
• Antivenoum

9. CHOKING
• Plastic balls, Toys,bones….
• Symptoms
• Respiratory distress, Eyes bulging,
• Try to remove if can be seen from
outside
• Contact your Vet.

10. FRACTURE, DISLOCATION
• Pain, swelling
• shortening/lengthening of limbs
• Lameness
• First Aid- Restrict movement
• Take to the Vet.

11. DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
• Most common….
• signs: vomiting, Diarrhoea, Arched back
• Signs of abdominal pain, constipation,
• Lack of appetite
• Causes:1.change in food,hyper acidity,
foreign bodies, hair, worms, allergy

12. DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
• What to do..?
• Give rest, Change food
• Diluted milk, arrowroot, ORS
• Constipation: due to lack of exercise,
low fibre, Anal adenitis

13. DISEASES OF EAR
• Otitis
• Infection
• Parasites
• Signs: Tilting of head,
rubbing,scratching
• Haematoma

14. THROAT INFECTION
• Laryngitis , Pharyngitis, Tonsilitis
• Reasons:- Excessive dust,, cold drinking
water,
• Signs:- Dry cough, grunting, discharge
from nose, difficulty in swallowing, loss
of appetite, fever.

15. EYE DISEASES
• CONJUNCTIVITIS:- Lacrymation,
reddening of eyes, photophobia, worms,
infection, dust
• - wash the eyes

16. EYE DISEASES
• KERATITIS:- Inflammation of cornea,
• Signs:- opacity, photophobia
• CATARACT:- opacity of lens -in aged
dogs

17. DISEASES OF THE NOSE
• RHINITIS:- Kennel cough, Distemper,
Aspergillosis
• EPISTAXIS:- Bleeding from nose,
• --wound, tumours or cancers,
leptospirosis, Erlichiosis

18. DISEASES OF ORAL CAVITY
• Dental Tartar/ Dental plaque
• Gingivitis
• Dental caries

19. RESPIRATORY DISEASES
• SIGNS:- Sneezing, grunting, cough
• Distemper, Influenza, Kennel Cough,
Tapeworms, Foreign bodies.

20. URINARY DISEASES
• NEPHRITIS:- Inflammation of kidneys
• Signs:- uncontrolled urination, coffee
coloured urine, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral
ulcer
• CYSTITIS:- Inflammation of urinary
bladder
• Signs:- Difficulty in urination, fever
• URINARY CALCULII:- Hard water, onions,
reduced water intake, vitamin A
deficiency.
• Signs:- Difficulty in urination, blood in
urine, arched back, pain

21. SKIN DISEASES
• Requirement :- Regular brushing
• Balanced food
• External:- Fungal disease
• Mange
• Alopacia
• Eczema
• dandruff
• external parasites
• Abscess, cyst, Haematoma, Hernea,
Tumour

22. MUSCULO-SKELETAL
DISORDERS
• RICKETS
• OSTEOMALACIA
• FRACTURES

23. NERVOUS DISORDERS
• Epilepsy
• Paralysis

24. REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
• Male :- Cryptorchid-Failure to descend
testicles to scrotum
• Monorchid – one testes
• Orchitis – trauma, microfilaria
• Female:- Pyometra, Eclampsia, Mastitis,
Metritis, toxic milk syndrome.

25. Rabies – what is it ?
• Viral disease spread by saliva, common in
bite wounds
• India - most common in dogs
• Bats
• Rabies is not spread by blood, instead it is
spread through the nervous system. It
follows the nerves to the brain where it
multiplies and then gets distributed in the
saliva, where it can then be passed on.
• An animal or human can be carrier of the
rabies virus for weeks, months and some
even for years, but once they start to
show clinical signs, death will occur within
7-10 days

26. CLINICAL SIGNS
Dumb Form
Furious form

27. “Dumb Form”
• Ataxia (weakness) and paralysis
• Drooping jaw and penis
• Change in appearance in eyes, unfocusing,
‘squinting’
• Lameness on area where they were bitten
(intermittent)
• Unable to swallow – ‘hydrophobic”
• Possible diarrhoea
• Possible seizuring
• Death

28. “FURIOUS FORM”
• Change in behaviour, show aggression to other dogs, people
and inanimate objects (walls, doors etc); increased
activity, restlessness
• Will bite/chew on inanimate objects
• Change in appearance in eyes, unfocusing, ‘squinting’
• Change in bark – more raspy
• Lameness on area where they were bitten (intermittent)
• Unable to swallow –‘ hydrophobic’ , drooling
• Towards the end, behaviour will change again, animal will
become more weak, lethargic
• Sudden weight loss – appears more noticeable
• Possible diarrhea
• Possible seizuring
• Death

29. Rabies is 100% preventable
• Vaccination of dogs is the most cost-effective
way of preventing human rabies deaths
• Primary vaccination 8-12 weeks
• Booster vaccination After 3 weeks
• Then Annual Re-vaccination
• Post Exposure 0-3-7days.(if vaccinated)
• 0-3-7-28-60-90
• (if not vaccinated)

30. CANINE PARVO VIRAL
ENTERITIS
• ETIOLOGY : non-enveloped DNA virus,
canine parvo virus.
• EPIDEMIOLOGY : highly contagious,
occur as a result of faecal
contamination.
• People, instruments, rodents acts as
vectors.
• Dogs carry virus in hair coats for long
periods.
• Incubation period: 7-14 days

31. • 6 weeks – 6 mon of age more susceptible.
• Rottweilers, Doberman pinscher, Labrador, German
shepherd & Alaskan sled dogs found more
susceptible.
• Clinical finding CPV-2 infection associated with 2
main tissues:
• GI tract and myocardium,
• skin and nervous tissue also affected.
• Myocarditis can develop from in utero infection or
in pups <8 weeks old.
• Pups with myocarditis often die after a short
period of dysponea & retching

32. • CPV enteritis : vomiting severe followed by
diarrhoea, anorexia, and rapid dehydration.
• Faeces appear yellow gray streaked and
darkened by blood.
• Elevated rectal temp(40-41 oC).
• Death can occur in 2 days.
• Rottweiler breeds have poorer chance of
survival

33. Canine corona viral infection
• All age, breeds and sex affected
• Sudden onset of diarrhoea, vomiting
• Faeces orange coloured, malodourous
and less frequently contain blood
• Fever not constant(difference from
CPV) and leukopenia not recognised
• Spontaneous recovery after 8-10 days

34. CANINE DISTEMPER
• SYSTEMIC SIGNS:
• Mild form include listlessness, decreased
appetite & upper respiratory infection.
• Bilateral serous occulonasal discharge.
• SEVERE GENERALIZED DISTEMPER:
• Most common in 12-16 weeks pups.
• First sign is serous-mucopurulent
conjunctivitis.

35. • Increased lower resp sounds from thorax.
• Anorexia followed by vomiting, subsequent
diarrhoea.
• Tenesmus can be presen Vesicular and
pustular dermatitis in pups.
• Digital hyperkeratosis occurs along with
neurological signs.
• Enter footpad keratinocytes causes
hyperkeratosis.
• Also nasal hyperkeratosis. t.

36. CD-NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS
• Begin 1-3 weeks after recovery from
systemic illness.
• Hyperaesthesia & cervical or paraspinal
rigidity.
• Seizures, para-paresis or tetra-paresis
with sensory ataxia & myoclonus.
• Rhythmic contraction even when dog is
awake.

37. CD-Prevention.
• Maternal antibodies give adequate
immunization for pups for a period after
weaning.
• Vaccination given every 3-4 weeks
between 6-16 weeks age inpups.
• Atleast 2 vacciines given at 2-4 weeks
interval.
• Periodic boosters recommended.

38. Leptospirosis
• EpidemiologyTransmission thr direct or
indirect contact
• Direct : contact with infected urine,
venereal and placental transfer, bite
wounds or ingestion of infected tissues
• Indirect : exposure to contaminted
water source, soil food or bedding
• Outside host leptospires don’t replicate

39. Leptospirosis-Pathogenesis
• Can penetrate intact mucous membrane
of mouth nose eyes and abraded
scratched or water softened skin
• Multiply rapidly in vascular space
• Spread and multiply in kidneys liver
spleen CNS eyes & genital tract
• Incubation period 7 days
• May persist in kidneys and shed
organism in urine

40. • Tissue edema & haemorrhage
• Serovars canicola & grippotyhosa
associated with kidney than liver
damage
• ICTEROHAEMMORHAGICA & POMONA cause
hepatic damage
• Renal colonisation in all cases

41. Clinical finding
• Young animals, large breeds most affected
• Peracute : leptospiremia and death
• Acute : pyrexia, shivering, muscle
tenderness, vomiting, peripheral vascular
collapse, tachypnoea, irregular pulse,
hematemesis, hematochezia, melena,
epistaxis, wide spread petechiae
• Subacute : fever, anorexia, vomiting,
inceased thirst, paraspinal hyperaesthesia,
ecchymotic haemorrhage

42. • Icterus common in acute form
• Intestinal intussesception in acute
infection
• Pulmonary manifestation :dysponea,
coughing

43. • Control of rodents
• Propylactic doxycycline therapy
• Bacterins available for dogs.
• Vaccination available(sufficient anibody
titre within 2 weeks)
LEPTOSPIROSIS-Prevention

44. CANINE BABESIOSIS
• Caused by Babesia canis (protozoa)
• Transmitted by Tick bite
• High Fever, anorexia, lethargy,
• Urine may/may not be coffee coloured
• Vomiting, Jaundice, Death

45. CANINE ERLICHIOSIS
• Caused by Erlichia canis (Rickettsia)
• ACUTE
1-3 weeks after exposure
• Anorexia, Fever, Lethargy
• Lymphadenopathy , Thrombocytopenia
• SUB ACUTE
• Thrombocytopenia, Anaemia, months-years
• CHRONIC
• Pancytopenia, Bone marrow
suppression,haemorrage, Death

46. FILARIASIS
• Caused by Dirofilaria immitis
• Adult worms found in heart
• Microfilaria seen in blood & skin
• Transmitted by mosquito bite
• Oedema of limbs,cough,respiratory
difficulty, fever
• Diagnosed by wet film examination of
blood

47. Worm Infestation
• Ascaris
• Tape worms
• Hook worms
• Coccidiosis
• Deworming shedule
• 15,25,35days & then 3-4 weeks intervel
upto 6months, then once in 3 months.

48. Vaccination shedule for dogs
Disease First vaccination booster Subsequent
vaccination
Canine parvo
disease
6 weeks 11 week Annual
Canine Distemper 6-8 weeks 11 week Annual
Corona viral disease 8-9 weeks 11-12weeks Annual
Canine Hepatitis 8 weeks 11 weeks Annual
Leptospirosis 8 weeks 11 weeks Annual
Rabies 12 weeks 15 weeks Annual

49. BREEDING
• Puberty in 6-10 months of age depends
on Breed, individual health,Nutritional
status.
• Pheromones are secreted in females in
heat which attracts male dogs from all
arround…
• Usually breeding season comes twice in
an year.

50. 5 points important in breeding
• Always select dogs of the same breed &
dogs which are not closely related.
• It is better to skip the first heat in
female dog breed once in an year.
• Dogs with kennel club certificate should be
crossed with certificate holders only for
continuous registration.
• Ideal to cross on 12th & 14th day of
bleeding.
• Separate male & Female dogs after mating.

51. Oestrous cycle in dogs
• Anoestrus 15 weeks
• Pro-oestrus 8-13 days
• Oestrus 4-7 days
• metoestrus 6-10 weeks
• Signs of heat:Vulval lips edematous, blood
stained discharge (8-13days),male dogs are
not allowed.
• Light pink or honey coloured discharge(4-
7days) accept male dog.

52. Make sure…
• Female dogs are dewormed, Vaccinated,
• and treated for External parasites
before breeding.
• This ensures healthy puppies with
suffient maternal antibody resrve.

53. Care of Pregnant Dogs
• Proper feeding, care & Management is
essential to get healthy puppies.
• Average gestation period is 63 days.
• From second month onwards nutritious
diet should be given.
• Milk , eggs,Liver, supplements should be
given.

54. Signs of Whelping
• Nipples get enlarged during last days.
• Dog search for lonley corners.
• May start digging the ground.
• Stops feeding, may vomit,frequently
looks at the belly, lies on lateral sides &
start straining, greenish liquid comes
out…

55. Stages of Whelping
• May take 12-20 hours
• Litter may carry 4-11 puppies.
• Each puppy comes out with separate
Placenta.
• Bitch will lick &break the umbilical cord
• May be fed with milk with glucose in
between.

56. Situations which demand Vet.aid
• Prolonged gestation….
• No fetus coming out even after the
starting of whelping…
• No straining for hours after the
delivery of first puppy…
• Bloody or purulent or foul smelling
discharge from the uterus..
• Timely C-section can save puppies in
dystocia…

57. Animal birth Control rules
• S.O. 1256 (E) - Whereas the draft Animal Birth
Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001 were published, as
required under the sub-section (1) of section
38 of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,
1960 (59 of 1960), vide Ministry of Culture
notification number G.S.R.816(E) dated
November 2, 2001 in the Gazette of India,
Extraordinary, Part 11, Section 3, sub-section
(i) dated November 2, 2001

58. WHY ABC PROGRAMME?
• In all Metros, where the ABC Programme
has been successfully implemented in India,
a significant reduction in the number of
human rabies cases has been noted. The
Animal Birth Control Programme is the only
scientifically proven method to reduce the
stray dog population in a city or town.

59. WHAT IS ABC PROGRAMME?
ABC programmes aim to
. Catch street dogs,
.Surgically sterilize
.Vaccinate the dogs against rabies
. Release them back to the exact location .
.The sterilization of mainly female dogs,
should be sufficient to control the
population.

60. HUMANE CAPTURE &HANDLING
OF
STRAY DOGS

61. STRAY DOGS IN KENNEL

62. ADMINISTERING ANAESTHETICS

63. Preparing dogs for surgery

64. Surgery (Spay) in Process

65. Right ear being cropped for
identification(AWBI mandatary for all
sterilised and AR immunised dogs)

66. Recovery in the kennel

67. Healing without complications

68. Healing without complications

69. Released at their natural habitat

70. Obligations of the local authority
• (1) The local authority shall provide for
• (a) establishment of a sufficient number of dogs pounds including animal
kennels/shelters which may be managed by animal welfare organizations;
• (b) requisite number of dog vans with ramps for the capture and transportation of
street dogs;
• (c) one driver and two trained dog catchers to be provided for each dog van;
• (d) an ambulance cum clinical van to be provided as mobile center for sterilisation
and immunization;
• (e) incinerators to be installed by the local authority for disposal of carcasses.
• (f) periodic repair of shelter or pound.
• (2) If the Municipal Corporation or the local authority thinks it expedient to control
street dog population, it shall be incumbent upon them to sterilize and immunize
street Dogs with the participation of animal welfare organizations, private
individuals and the local authority.
• (3) The animal welfare organizations shall be reimbursed the expenses of
sterilization/immunization at a rate to be fixed by the Committee on fortnightly
basis based on the number of sterilization/ immunization done.

71. OPPORTUNITIES IN DOG
REARING
• DOGS ARE NOW COMPANION
ANIMALS
• NUCLEAR FAMILY-ENJOYS PET
@HOME
• STATUS SYMBOL
• WATCH DOGS-HELPFUL FOR MODERN
LIFESTYLE
• GOOD INCOME SOURCE

72. POINTS TO REMEMBER
• START WITH GOOD BREEDING PAIR
• MAY START WITH ONE OR TWO
POPULAR BREEDS
• HAVE GOOD KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
BREEDING, FEEDING,DISEASE
MANAGEMENT ETC.
• HAVE MORE PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE
BY VISITING GOOD KENNELS.

73. MANAGEMENT OF ZOONOTIC
DISEASES
• Rabies
• Leptospirosis
• Dog heart worm
• Visceral larva migrans
• Ring worm
• Scabies