2. WATERFOWALS: DOMESTIC DUCK RARMING
IN INDIA
• Domestic ducks (Platyrhynchos domesticus) are decedents of
wild mallard ducks.
• India is largely traditional enterprise among farming community.
Free range and backyard duck keeping is normal practice.
• Duck farming in the Central Poultry Development Organization
(Southern Research) Hissarghatta, Bangalore is under closed high
bio security system. This farm was developed in collaboration
with United Kingdom in 1987 and is continuing with the
selective duck breeding from Vietnam in 1996. During the last
20 years since 1990-91 till 2008-09 at total of 1.8 millions
duckling were produced at this farm at an average of 90.000
annually.
3. Population and Production Profile of Ducks
in India
• The population of ducks as per last three censuses in India is
given at table3. A quick look at the duck population during the
last three censuses show some variation mainly due to a surge in
improved ducks, some so in duckling, during 1997 census
resulting in nearly 7% increase in total population of ducks over
1992. The desi ducks & duckling population has since increased
by about 8 % in 2003 but the overall total duck population had
dipped by 0.5% over 1997 mainly due to steep decline by nearly
27% improved drakes and duckling and about 11% ducks. The
reasons for such decline are yet not known. The proportion of
ducks to poultry has also undulated at 7.2%, 8.9% and 6.1%
during 1992, 1997 and 2003 censuses respectively( AHS,
2006;2009)
4. Cont…
• India has a population of 36 million ducks (FAO
2008) and ducks occupy an important position
next to chicken. They are mainly concentrated in
coastal regions especially southern and north
eastern states of the country. In India 90-95
percent of dicks are indigenous or non descript
types which are heady with high egg production
and highly suitable for extensive system of
rearing.
8. Important varieties
• Chara and Chembali (Kuttanad ducks of Kerala)
• Sythet mete and Nageswari (Eastern region)
• Aarani ducks (Tamil Nadu)
• Desi variety of West Bengal
• Pati, Deo, Cinahabh and Raj Hanh verities (Assam)
9. Commercial broiler Ducks
• Commercial broiler duck production in India
started with the commercial name of Vigova
super M during 90’s Parent stock were
distributed in 3 centers acorn India. Broiler duck
are fast growing birds they attain their adult
body weight by 6 – 8 weeks. It is observed that
even up to 3 kg body weight in possible at 8
weeks in ideal condition. In China and Korea
the farming is very intensive similar to broiler
chicken
10. Choices of Breeds
• The table varieties like White Pekin and
Minicos grow fast and attain 3 to 3.5 kg body
weight at weeks of age with feed conversion of 3
to 3.5 kg gain. The Khaki Campbell and Indian
Runner are efficient egg – laying varieties
producing 250 to 300 eggs per year. They weight
between 2 – 2.5 kg on maturity. Farmer can
choose from these varieties depending on type
of production (meat and egg) required.
11. General Care and Management
• Brooding
• Rearing of adult ducks
• Housing
• Feeding
• Health care
12. A tentative plan for setting up a duck farm for eggs
of Khaki Campbell variety Capacity 1000 birds
• Fixed Capital
• Land & Building
• (a) Land 1000 sq. Meter (agricultural land)
• (b) Cost of acquisition and development @ 25%
•
1, 00,000
25,000
1, 25,000
75,000
Total Rs.
(c) Pond 5,000 sq. Meter @ Rs. 75/- per cubic meter (i.e. 500×2×3)
• (d) Building
• Shed 300 sq. Meter @ Rs 500/- per sq. Meter
•
•
•
1,25,000
Store / Office 15 sq. Meter @ Rs. 500/- per sq. Meter
Boundary fencing 140 meter @ Rs. 500/- per sq. Meter
Total (C+D) Rs.
Total expenditure on land, building and pond ( A +B+C+D)
7,500
35,000
2, 67,500
3,67,500
13. Cont…
• Equipments
• Brooder 4 No. Each of 250 ducklings @ Rs. 500/-
• Longitudinal feeder one meter in length 40 Nos. @ 100 each
• Longitudinal feeder big size 50 Nos. @ Rs. 150 each
• Egg trays 100 Nos. @ Rs. 5 each
• Weighing balance
2,000
4,000
7,500
500
500
• Total Rs. 14,500
•
• Fixed capital investment : 3,92,500
• Land, building and pond 14,000
• Total Rs. 4, 06,000
14. Cont…
15,000
9,
• Working capital (for one – and – half year)
• (a) Raw materials
• Duckling 1,000 @ Rs.15 per ducking
• Feed 80 tones @ Rs. 12,000
60,000
20,000
• (b) Wages (self employment)
• (c) Utility and overhead
• Electricity charge (brooding and two bulbs throughout the period
• Medicine and vaccination @ Rs. 5 each
5,000
• Repair and maintenance
3,000
• Total Rs. 10,
15. Cont…
4,
10,
• Total capital investment:
• (a) Fixed capital
06,500
• (b) Working capital
03,000
• Total Rs. 14,
10, 03,000
2, 10,630
09,500
• Cost of production in one and half year
• Working capital
• Interest on capital investment @ 14% (soft loan for agricultural)
• For one and half year
• Depreciation on equipment @10%
• Depreciation on building / shed
1,400
13,375
16. Cont…
• Receipt and profitability
• Receipt from the sale of 2, 87,500 eggs @Rs. 350 per 100 eggs
• Salvage value of ducks @ Rs. 100 per duck
• Sale of 700 Gunny bag @ Rs. 6 / bag
• Sale of Manure 30 ton @ Rs. 500 /- per ton
• Total Rs.
• Less: Cost of Production
• Balance Profit
• Annual profitability
• % of profit on sale
• % of return on total capital investment
10, 06,250
1, 00,000
4200
15,000
11, 19,200
10, 03,000
1, 16,200
77,466
7%
79.4%
17. JAPANESE QUAIL
• Introduction
• The quail belongs to the subfamily Phasianidas,
in which the eight species of the genus Conurnix
are included. There are five improvement
varieties of Japanese quail wild type (Pharaoh
quail) British range Manchurian golden; English
white and Tuxedo. Quails are found widespread
throughout the old world.
18. Quail farming Vs Chicken Farming
Quail Chicken
Low capital requirement about RS. 50 – 60/ bird. High capital requirement of Rs. 180 – 190/ bird.
Quails requires a floor space of 0.2 sq ft/bird Requires 1 to 2.5 sq ft./bird of floor space.
It possesses remarkable disease resistance, hence hardly
any vaccine are needed.
Chicken farming is highly susceptible to common poultry
disease and vaccination is must
Feed requirement is 25 – 30 gm/ bird/ day. Feed @ 110 – 120 gm/ bird/ day required.
8.5 to 10 kg feed is required to produce 300 eggs with av.
egg weight of 10 – 14 gm.
250 – 260 eggs are produced with 42 – 48 kg of feed. The
av. weight of egg is 54 – 56 gm.
In a year quail produces 25 – 30 times more eggs than its
body weight.
Hen produces 8 – 9 times more eggs then its body weight.
Quail starts laying egg at 6 week and at 10 week attain
peak production which continues up to 54 weeks.
Hen start laying egg at 20 week and reach peak
production at 27 – 29 weeks and continue to lay up to 72
Broiler quail are sold at 35 days. C
w
h
e
i
e
c
k
k
s
e
.
nbroilers are sold at about 42 – 49 days.
Less quantity of cholesterol in meat More fat & cholesterol in meat.
Quail meat is good for Asthma & those suffering from
arthritis.
Having no such medical properties.
Housing is cheaper, can be reared in multi tier battery
cages.
Housing is substantially costlier than that in quails.
Culled birds fetch more money in term of unit body
weight.
Culled birds fetch lesser price than quails in terms of init
body weight.
19. ADVANCES IN BREEDING AND
MANAGEMENT OF JAJPANESE QUAIL
• Central Avian Research Institute (ICAR), Izzatnagar, is the
premier Institute for introductions of quail farming technology
in India. Five pure lines of quails are being maintained at this
institute. These lines have been developed adapted for Indian
conditions and are being exploited for commercial production
of broiler and layer quails. The quail farming is slowly but
steadily gaining popularity as it is considered a delicacy for
the elite class of society. With the rising income levels, the
quails are percolating down in the social strata with increasing
demands.
20. Management of Quail Rearing for Meat Purpose
• Day–old quail chicks weigh about 7 g and require special care and attention in the first
week of their life
• The meat purpose quail chicks reared only upto 5 – 6 weeks which will transfer to the
cage after 3 weeks of brooding. The modified battery brooder (five tires) of size
180x120x25 cu.cm are used and 1.25 cm size litter tray with 25 gauge galvanised iron
sheet is placed under the wire netted floor of cage.
• The feeding and watering trays are attached with the cages that will be used after 2
weeks of initial feeding and watering inside the cages
• 500 chicks can accommodate in each battery upto the age of 5 to 6 weeks. For an all in
and all out operation there is no need to shift them to grower battery or on to the floor.
• No vaccination has been advocated. But, preventive measures to keep the premise
disease free must be taken and diseased birds should be culled and destroyed.
• In case of bacterial and protozoal infections such as; salmonellosis , colibaccillosis or
coccidiosis, treatment with proper medicine in water on advice, are effective.
21. Method of sex- identification
• Vent method
• Feather sexing
• Cloacal gland
• Egg Production
• Feeding
• Health coverage
22. Different Japanese quail line developed
at CARI, Izatnagar
• CARI UTTAM
• CARI PEARL
• CARI SWETA
• CARI UJJWAL
• CARI Brown
25. Economic Aspects of Quail Rearing
• Capacity: 2000 quail per lot ( 5 weeks rearing and 10 days of
cleaning and disinfection of cages and shed) i.e. 16,000 quails per
years
Rs.
60,000
• A. Fixed Cost
• 1. Land and Building – 120sq. meter of already constructed poultry pens
• @ Rs. 500 per sq. meter on agricultural land.
•
• 2. Equipments
•
•
•
(a) Brooder cum grower batteries - 4 nos. @ RS. 5000 each
(b) Feeder plate - 40 Nos. @ Rs. 10 each
(c) Water set – 40 Nos. @ Rs. 15 each
20,000
400
600
• Total Rs. 21,000
26. Cont…
• B. Working capital (1+2) 81,000
• 1. Raw material
• (a) Day - old quails – 2,200 (including 10% mortality) 11,000
• @ Rs. 5 each
• (b) Ration for starter and grower quail @ 400 g per chick upto 16,000
5 – 6 weeks of age @ Rs. 2000 per quintal (27 and 24% cp in the Ration, 8×650).
• 2. Wages – self employed
• 3. Utility and overheads
• (a) Electricity charges 500
• (b) Water charges 200
• (c) Veterinary aid 500
• (d) Other expenses
•
500
• Total Rs.
28,700
•
27. Cont…
• Total capital investment for the year
• Fixed capital 81, 000
• Working capital ( Rs. 28,700 x 8) 2, 29,600
Total Rs. 3, 10, 600
• Cost of Production per Pear
• Working capital for one year 2, 29,600
• Interest on total capital investment @ 14% 32,144
• Depreciation on building @ 5% 3,000
• Depreciation on equipment @ 10% 2,100
• Total Rs. 2, 66,844
28. Cont…
• Receipt and Profitability
• (a) Sale of quails – 16,000 @ Rs. 15 per bird weighing about 40, 0000
• Weighing about 120 – 130 g each
• (b) Sale of manure 3,000
• Total
•
Rs. 4, 03,000
• (c) Less: Cost of production 2, 66,844
• (d) Annual profitability 13, 6,156
• (e) Per cent profit on sale 34%
• (f) Per cent return on total capital investment 130%
