3. SIGNS OF HEALTH IN DOGS
⢠Bright, Active, Alert
⢠Moist Nose
⢠Eyes & Ear- without any discharge
⢠Adequate body weight-(According to
breed)
⢠Gums Pink/Pale roseate, teeth âWhite
⢠Skin & hair coat- Sooth, shining
⢠External orifice- without any discharge
⢠Temperature 102*F(38.9*C)
4. COMMON SIGNS OF ILLNESS
IN DOGS
⢠1.Loss of Appetite
⢠2Vomiting
⢠3.Diarrhoea
⢠4.Discharge from nostrils
⢠5.Discharge from Eyes
⢠6.Fever
⢠7.Coughing
⢠8.Bleeding
⢠9.Bloated abdomen
⢠10.Change in Urine colour
6. POISONING
⢠Rat Poison
⢠Insecticide
⢠Pesticide
⢠Paint / other chemicals
⢠First Aid-
⢠Gastric lavage
⢠Contact your Vet. urgently
7. SNAKE BITE
⢠Cobra, Krait- Neurotoxic
⢠Viper- Hemotoxic
⢠Symptoms- History of bite, frothy
salivation,
⢠Tremors,Head drooping,signs of
paralysis starting from hind limbs
⢠Swelling at the site of bite, unclotted
blood oozing from wound.
8. SNAKE BITE
⢠First aid- tourniquet, wash , apply ice..
⢠Treatment
⢠Contact your VetâŚ
⢠Antivenoum
9. CHOKING
⢠Plastic balls, Toys,bonesâŚ.
⢠Symptoms
⢠Respiratory distress, Eyes bulging,
⢠Try to remove if can be seen from
outside
⢠Contact your Vet.
10. FRACTURE, DISLOCATION
⢠Pain, swelling
⢠shortening/lengthening of limbs
⢠Lameness
⢠First Aid- Restrict movement
⢠Take to the Vet.
11. DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
⢠Most commonâŚ.
⢠signs: vomiting, Diarrhoea, Arched back
⢠Signs of abdominal pain, constipation,
⢠Lack of appetite
⢠Causes:1.change in food,hyper acidity,
foreign bodies, hair, worms, allergy
12. DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
⢠What to do..?
⢠Give rest, Change food
⢠Diluted milk, arrowroot, ORS
⢠Constipation: due to lack of exercise,
low fibre, Anal adenitis
13. DISEASES OF EAR
⢠Otitis
⢠Infection
⢠Parasites
⢠Signs: Tilting of head,
rubbing,scratching
⢠Haematoma
14. THROAT INFECTION
⢠Laryngitis , Pharyngitis, Tonsilitis
⢠Reasons:- Excessive dust,, cold drinking
water,
⢠Signs:- Dry cough, grunting, discharge
from nose, difficulty in swallowing, loss
of appetite, fever.
16. EYE DISEASES
⢠KERATITIS:- Inflammation of cornea,
⢠Signs:- opacity, photophobia
⢠CATARACT:- opacity of lens -in aged
dogs
17. DISEASES OF THE NOSE
⢠RHINITIS:- Kennel cough, Distemper,
Aspergillosis
⢠EPISTAXIS:- Bleeding from nose,
⢠--wound, tumours or cancers,
leptospirosis, Erlichiosis
24. REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
⢠Male :- Cryptorchid-Failure to descend
testicles to scrotum
⢠Monorchid â one testes
⢠Orchitis â trauma, microfilaria
⢠Female:- Pyometra, Eclampsia, Mastitis,
Metritis, toxic milk syndrome.
25. Rabies â what is it ?
⢠Viral disease spread by saliva, common in
bite wounds
⢠India - most common in dogs
⢠Bats
⢠Rabies is not spread by blood, instead it is
spread through the nervous system. It
follows the nerves to the brain where it
multiplies and then gets distributed in the
saliva, where it can then be passed on.
⢠An animal or human can be carrier of the
rabies virus for weeks, months and some
even for years, but once they start to
show clinical signs, death will occur within
7-10 days
27. âDumb Formâ
⢠Ataxia (weakness) and paralysis
⢠Drooping jaw and penis
⢠Change in appearance in eyes, unfocusing,
âsquintingâ
⢠Lameness on area where they were bitten
(intermittent)
⢠Unable to swallow â âhydrophobicâ
⢠Possible diarrhoea
⢠Possible seizuring
⢠Death
28. âFURIOUS FORMâ
⢠Change in behaviour, show aggression to other dogs, people
and inanimate objects (walls, doors etc); increased
activity, restlessness
⢠Will bite/chew on inanimate objects
⢠Change in appearance in eyes, unfocusing, âsquintingâ
⢠Change in bark â more raspy
⢠Lameness on area where they were bitten (intermittent)
⢠Unable to swallow ââ hydrophobicâ , drooling
⢠Towards the end, behaviour will change again, animal will
become more weak, lethargic
⢠Sudden weight loss â appears more noticeable
⢠Possible diarrhea
⢠Possible seizuring
⢠Death
29. Rabies is 100% preventable
⢠Vaccination of dogs is the most cost-effective
way of preventing human rabies deaths
⢠Primary vaccination 8-12 weeks
⢠Booster vaccination After 3 weeks
⢠Then Annual Re-vaccination
⢠Post Exposure 0-3-7days.(if vaccinated)
⢠0-3-7-28-60-90
⢠(if not vaccinated)
30. CANINE PARVO VIRAL
ENTERITIS
⢠ETIOLOGY : non-enveloped DNA virus,
canine parvo virus.
⢠EPIDEMIOLOGY : highly contagious,
occur as a result of faecal
contamination.
⢠People, instruments, rodents acts as
vectors.
⢠Dogs carry virus in hair coats for long
periods.
⢠Incubation period: 7-14 days
31. ⢠6 weeks â 6 mon of age more susceptible.
⢠Rottweilers, Doberman pinscher, Labrador, German
shepherd & Alaskan sled dogs found more
susceptible.
⢠Clinical finding CPV-2 infection associated with 2
main tissues:
⢠GI tract and myocardium,
⢠skin and nervous tissue also affected.
⢠Myocarditis can develop from in utero infection or
in pups <8 weeks old.
⢠Pups with myocarditis often die after a short
period of dysponea & retching
32. ⢠CPV enteritis : vomiting severe followed by
diarrhoea, anorexia, and rapid dehydration.
⢠Faeces appear yellow gray streaked and
darkened by blood.
⢠Elevated rectal temp(40-41 oC).
⢠Death can occur in 2 days.
⢠Rottweiler breeds have poorer chance of
survival
33. Canine corona viral infection
⢠All age, breeds and sex affected
⢠Sudden onset of diarrhoea, vomiting
⢠Faeces orange coloured, malodourous
and less frequently contain blood
⢠Fever not constant(difference from
CPV) and leukopenia not recognised
⢠Spontaneous recovery after 8-10 days
34. CANINE DISTEMPER
⢠SYSTEMIC SIGNS:
⢠Mild form include listlessness, decreased
appetite & upper respiratory infection.
⢠Bilateral serous occulonasal discharge.
⢠SEVERE GENERALIZED DISTEMPER:
⢠Most common in 12-16 weeks pups.
⢠First sign is serous-mucopurulent
conjunctivitis.
35. ⢠Increased lower resp sounds from thorax.
⢠Anorexia followed by vomiting, subsequent
diarrhoea.
⢠Tenesmus can be presen Vesicular and
pustular dermatitis in pups.
⢠Digital hyperkeratosis occurs along with
neurological signs.
⢠Enter footpad keratinocytes causes
hyperkeratosis.
⢠Also nasal hyperkeratosis. t.
36. CD-NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS
⢠Begin 1-3 weeks after recovery from
systemic illness.
⢠Hyperaesthesia & cervical or paraspinal
rigidity.
⢠Seizures, para-paresis or tetra-paresis
with sensory ataxia & myoclonus.
⢠Rhythmic contraction even when dog is
awake.
37. CD-Prevention.
⢠Maternal antibodies give adequate
immunization for pups for a period after
weaning.
⢠Vaccination given every 3-4 weeks
between 6-16 weeks age inpups.
⢠Atleast 2 vacciines given at 2-4 weeks
interval.
⢠Periodic boosters recommended.
38. Leptospirosis
⢠EpidemiologyTransmission thr direct or
indirect contact
⢠Direct : contact with infected urine,
venereal and placental transfer, bite
wounds or ingestion of infected tissues
⢠Indirect : exposure to contaminted
water source, soil food or bedding
⢠Outside host leptospires donât replicate
39. Leptospirosis-Pathogenesis
⢠Can penetrate intact mucous membrane
of mouth nose eyes and abraded
scratched or water softened skin
⢠Multiply rapidly in vascular space
⢠Spread and multiply in kidneys liver
spleen CNS eyes & genital tract
⢠Incubation period 7 days
⢠May persist in kidneys and shed
organism in urine
40. ⢠Tissue edema & haemorrhage
⢠Serovars canicola & grippotyhosa
associated with kidney than liver
damage
⢠ICTEROHAEMMORHAGICA & POMONA cause
hepatic damage
⢠Renal colonisation in all cases
41. Clinical finding
⢠Young animals, large breeds most affected
⢠Peracute : leptospiremia and death
⢠Acute : pyrexia, shivering, muscle
tenderness, vomiting, peripheral vascular
collapse, tachypnoea, irregular pulse,
hematemesis, hematochezia, melena,
epistaxis, wide spread petechiae
⢠Subacute : fever, anorexia, vomiting,
inceased thirst, paraspinal hyperaesthesia,
ecchymotic haemorrhage
42. ⢠Icterus common in acute form
⢠Intestinal intussesception in acute
infection
⢠Pulmonary manifestation :dysponea,
coughing
43. ⢠Control of rodents
⢠Propylactic doxycycline therapy
⢠Bacterins available for dogs.
⢠Vaccination available(sufficient anibody
titre within 2 weeks)
LEPTOSPIROSIS-Prevention
44. CANINE BABESIOSIS
⢠Caused by Babesia canis (protozoa)
⢠Transmitted by Tick bite
⢠High Fever, anorexia, lethargy,
⢠Urine may/may not be coffee coloured
⢠Vomiting, Jaundice, Death
45. CANINE ERLICHIOSIS
⢠Caused by Erlichia canis (Rickettsia)
⢠ACUTE
1-3 weeks after exposure
⢠Anorexia, Fever, Lethargy
⢠Lymphadenopathy , Thrombocytopenia
⢠SUB ACUTE
⢠Thrombocytopenia, Anaemia, months-years
⢠CHRONIC
⢠Pancytopenia, Bone marrow
suppression,haemorrage, Death
46. FILARIASIS
⢠Caused by Dirofilaria immitis
⢠Adult worms found in heart
⢠Microfilaria seen in blood & skin
⢠Transmitted by mosquito bite
⢠Oedema of limbs,cough,respiratory
difficulty, fever
⢠Diagnosed by wet film examination of
blood
47. Worm Infestation
⢠Ascaris
⢠Tape worms
⢠Hook worms
⢠Coccidiosis
⢠Deworming shedule
⢠15,25,35days & then 3-4 weeks intervel
upto 6months, then once in 3 months.
49. BREEDING
⢠Puberty in 6-10 months of age depends
on Breed, individual health,Nutritional
status.
⢠Pheromones are secreted in females in
heat which attracts male dogs from all
arroundâŚ
⢠Usually breeding season comes twice in
an year.
50. 5 points important in breeding
⢠Always select dogs of the same breed &
dogs which are not closely related.
⢠It is better to skip the first heat in
female dog breed once in an year.
⢠Dogs with kennel club certificate should be
crossed with certificate holders only for
continuous registration.
⢠Ideal to cross on 12th & 14th day of
bleeding.
⢠Separate male & Female dogs after mating.
51. Oestrous cycle in dogs
⢠Anoestrus 15 weeks
⢠Pro-oestrus 8-13 days
⢠Oestrus 4-7 days
⢠metoestrus 6-10 weeks
⢠Signs of heat:Vulval lips edematous, blood
stained discharge (8-13days),male dogs are
not allowed.
⢠Light pink or honey coloured discharge(4-
7days) accept male dog.
52. Make sureâŚ
⢠Female dogs are dewormed, Vaccinated,
⢠and treated for External parasites
before breeding.
⢠This ensures healthy puppies with
suffient maternal antibody resrve.
53. Care of Pregnant Dogs
⢠Proper feeding, care & Management is
essential to get healthy puppies.
⢠Average gestation period is 63 days.
⢠From second month onwards nutritious
diet should be given.
⢠Milk , eggs,Liver, supplements should be
given.
54. Signs of Whelping
⢠Nipples get enlarged during last days.
⢠Dog search for lonley corners.
⢠May start digging the ground.
⢠Stops feeding, may vomit,frequently
looks at the belly, lies on lateral sides &
start straining, greenish liquid comes
outâŚ
55. Stages of Whelping
⢠May take 12-20 hours
⢠Litter may carry 4-11 puppies.
⢠Each puppy comes out with separate
Placenta.
⢠Bitch will lick &break the umbilical cord
⢠May be fed with milk with glucose in
between.
56. Situations which demand Vet.aid
⢠Prolonged gestationâŚ.
⢠No fetus coming out even after the
starting of whelpingâŚ
⢠No straining for hours after the
delivery of first puppyâŚ
⢠Bloody or purulent or foul smelling
discharge from the uterus..
⢠Timely C-section can save puppies in
dystociaâŚ
57. Animal birth Control rules
⢠S.O. 1256 (E) - Whereas the draft Animal Birth
Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001 were published, as
required under the sub-section (1) of section
38 of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,
1960 (59 of 1960), vide Ministry of Culture
notification number G.S.R.816(E) dated
November 2, 2001 in the Gazette of India,
Extraordinary, Part 11, Section 3, sub-section
(i) dated November 2, 2001
58. WHY ABC PROGRAMME?
⢠In all Metros, where the ABC Programme
has been successfully implemented in India,
a significant reduction in the number of
human rabies cases has been noted. The
Animal Birth Control Programme is the only
scientifically proven method to reduce the
stray dog population in a city or town.
59. WHAT IS ABC PROGRAMME?
ABC programmes aim to
. Catch street dogs,
.Surgically sterilize
.Vaccinate the dogs against rabies
. Release them back to the exact location .
.The sterilization of mainly female dogs,
should be sufficient to control the
population.
69. Obligations of the local authority
⢠(1) The local authority shall provide for
⢠(a) establishment of a sufficient number of dogs pounds including animal
kennels/shelters which may be managed by animal welfare organizations;
⢠(b) requisite number of dog vans with ramps for the capture and transportation of
street dogs;
⢠(c) one driver and two trained dog catchers to be provided for each dog van;
⢠(d) an ambulance cum clinical van to be provided as mobile center for sterilisation
and immunization;
⢠(e) incinerators to be installed by the local authority for disposal of carcasses.
⢠(f) periodic repair of shelter or pound.
⢠(2) If the Municipal Corporation or the local authority thinks it expedient to control
street dog population, it shall be incumbent upon them to sterilize and immunize
street Dogs with the participation of animal welfare organizations, private
individuals and the local authority.
⢠(3) The animal welfare organizations shall be reimbursed the expenses of
sterilization/immunization at a rate to be fixed by the Committee on fortnightly
basis based on the number of sterilization/ immunization done.
70. OPPORTUNITIES IN DOG
REARING
⢠DOGS ARE NOW COMPANION
ANIMALS
⢠NUCLEAR FAMILY-ENJOYS PET
@HOME
⢠STATUS SYMBOL
⢠WATCH DOGS-HELPFUL FOR MODERN
LIFESTYLE
⢠GOOD INCOME SOURCE
71. POINTS TO REMEMBER
⢠START WITH GOOD BREEDING PAIR
⢠MAY START WITH ONE OR TWO
POPULAR BREEDS
⢠HAVE GOOD KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
BREEDING, FEEDING,DISEASE
MANAGEMENT ETC.
⢠HAVE MORE PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE
BY VISITING GOOD KENNELS.