Put the stages of bacteriophage replication in order- Lysis of host.docx

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Put the stages of bacteriophage replication in order. Lysis of host cell occurs and bacteriophages are released. The bacteriophages are assembled. Bacteriophage attaches to bacterium using its tail fibers. Early and late enzymes are translated by ribosomes inside the infected bacterium. The head, tail fibers, and DNA are all manufactured separately. The sheath compresses and the tail spikes penetrate the cell wall and plasma membrane, allowing injection of the phage DNA. .

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VIRUSES LIFE CYCLE OF BACTERIOPHAGES The word virus is derived from Latin word venom which means poisonous fluid that causes infection. The branch of science that deals with the study of viruses is called Virology. It is the branch of Microbiology. They show living characters inside the host and non living characters outside the host. They contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material. They have different size and shape. They cause diseases in plants, animals and micro-organisms . Not cellular Cannot carry on metabolic activities independently. Contain either DNA or RNA, not both ( true cells contain both ). Lack ribosomes and enzymes necessary for protein synthesis. Reproduce only within cells they infect. CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect: Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV. Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus. Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material. Based on the viral envelope Named after David Baltimore, a noble prize winning biologist n 1971. 1. dsDNA viruses Eg: Adenoviruses, Herpiviruses. 2. ssDNA viruses Eg: Paravoviruses. 3. dsRNA viruses Eg: Reoviruses. 4. (+)ssRNA viruses Eg: Picornaviruses. 5. (-)ssRNA viruses Eg: Orthomyxoviruses. 6. ssRNA-RT viruses Eg: Retroviruses. 7. dsDNA-RT viruses Eg: Hepadnaviruses. Tobacco mosaic: Causative agent: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Symptoms: The leaves of infected plants develop mosaic patches ,it is due to destruction of chlorophyll or due to production of abnormal chlorophyll .blisters appear in the region of dark green spots these may be regular or irregular in advanced stages leaves curl and get distorted. Adsorption of the virion to the bacterial cell. Penetration and decoating of the nucleic acid . Protein synthesis. Breakdown of bacterial DNA. Arrest of host cell development. Replication of phage DNA. Maturation of infective progeny. Lysis and release of newly formed phages. Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect: Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV. Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus. Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.

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