Materi Kuliah Metode Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian UGM

1. INTERPOPULATION
IMPROVEMENT
Improvement in the performance
of cross between two population

2. Intrapopulation
improvemnet
X
Interpopulation
improvemnet
I
II
A
A B

3. INTRAPOPULATION
IMPROVEMENT
• Improvement in the population perse
• Increase the advantage gen frequency
• Selection based on family in the
population

4. Intrapopulation Alternatives
• Individual Plant Selection
– Simple Mass Selection
– Stratified Mass Selection
• Family Based Selection
– Half-sib ---many variations (Per
se)
– Full-sib ---3 seasons / cycle
– S1 ---3 or 4 seasons /cycle
– S2 ---4 seasons / cycle
• Family Based
Selection (Test crosse
s)
– S1 test crosses --- 3
seasons / cycle
– S2 test crosses --- 4
seasons / cycle

5. INTERPOPULATION
IMPROVEMENT
• Utilizes all types of gen action additive,
dominance, overdominance and
epistasis
• Selection based on cross performance
• Improvement in the performance of
cross between two population

6. Interpopulation improvement
• Reciprocal recurrent selection Halfsib
(RRS-HS)
• Modified RRS-HS
• Reciprocal recurrent Selection Fullsib
(RRS-FS)
• Modified MRR-FS

8. Half-Sib Reciprocal Recurrent
Selection (HSRRS)
• Plants Ao pop. are selfed and as male (in
crosses with a number of plants Bo pop.)
• Similar procedure also carried out in Bo
pop.
• Hal-sib families (Ao & Bo) evaluated in
replicated trial
• Selfed seed of the selected male parrent
(Ao & Bo) is random mated in each
population new population (A1 & B1)

9. Response to selection
( )[ ] ( )[ ]
)(
)(
2
4
1
)(
)(
2
4
1 '
)(
BHSP
BHSA
AHSP
AHSA ii
AxBG σ
σ
σ
σ
+=
Note:
σ2
A= varian additive
σ2
P= varian fenotype

10. FULL-SIB RECIPROCAL RECURRENT
SELECTION (FSRRS)
• Hallauer and Eberhart: with prolific corn
• Pairing plants from two population
• The plant Ao and Bo are selfed and
crossed to produce full-sib
• S1 plants coresponding to superior fullsib
families are intercrossed within each pop.

12. Response to selection of FSRRS
( )[ ]
)(
)(
2
2
1
)( FSP
AFSAi
AxBG σ
σ
=
Note:
σ2
A= varian additive
σ2
P= varian fenotype

13. Modified Reciprocal Recurrent
Selection (First)
• Ear to row (pop A) dan detasselled, +
pollinator pop B
• A similar prosedure is adopted for pop B +
pollinator pop A
• The plant in eah row E to R progeny
bulked harvest dan used to evaluate
• The remnant seed of the families selected
are used for recombination in each pop

15. Second modified HRRS
• Requires prolific plant
• Some row of Ao are grown in-between rows of
Bo (vice versa), and detasselled
• One ear: opened pollinated with other pop HS
(for evaluation)
• In the same timesecond ear: artificially
pollinated with bulk pollen of their pop.
• Evaluation of HS families of pop A & B
• Recombination of artificially cross corresponding
to selected families.

17. Interpopulation :
• Includes methods such as RRS-HS, MRRS-HS,
RRS-FS, MRRS-FS
• Dual purpose
• Hybrid-oriented
• Integration population and hybrid research
• Good early generation GCA lines
• Recycling early generation lines
• Superior testers on continuous basis
• Potential hybrids

18. Heterotic patterns known and used by
maize breeders
Reid (Stiff stalk) x Lancaster
Iowdent x Lancaster
Tuxpeno x Cuban flints
Tuson x Cuban flints
Tuson x Tuxpeno
C.T.F x Chandelle
C.T.F x Cuban flints
Tuxpeno x C.T.F.
Tuson x Chandelle
Tuson x ETO
Chandelle x Haitian yellow
Cuban flints x Perla
A.E.D. x Tep. 5
KS II x EC573
Salisbury
White
x Southern cross
Tuson x U.S. Southern
Dents

19. Heterotic Patterns in CIMMYT Germplasm
Tropical
Popula-
tion
Possible heterotic
partner (s)
21 Pop. 32, 25 & Pool 23
22 Pop. 32
23 Pool 20
24 Pop. 36, Suwan
25 Pop 21
26 Pool 21, 22
27 Pop. 24, 36 & Pool 25
29 Pop. 32
Popula-
tion
Possible heterotic partner
(s)
31 Pool 18
32 Pop. 21, 22, 29
36 Pop. 24
43 Pop. 32, 25 & Pool 23
49 Pop. 23, Pool 19
SA-4 SA-5
SA-6 SA-7

20. Yield Performance of Intra and Interpopulation interline
maize hybrids grown in different inbred line diallels
Group Crosses Between lines
from
Grain Yield
(tons/ha)
ICS (%)
1 Pool 19
Pool 20
Pool 19 x Pool 20
4.82
4.28
5.00 10.0
2 P32
P25
P25 x P21
5.19
5.37
6.11 15.6
3 Pool 24
P21
Pool 24 x P21
4.79
5.33
5.47 8
4 P21
P32
P21 x P32
5.56
4.60
5.69 12.1
[ ]
( ) 2/
100*2/)(*
(%)
BxAx
BxAxBAx
ICS
+
+−
=

21. Heterotic Populations
Lowland Tropical
Group A Group B Breeding Scheme
P22 P43 MRRS
P21 P25 MRRS
P23 P49 MRRS
P27 P24 MRRS
P28 P36 MRRS
P351 P352 MRRS
SA-3 SA-4 MRRS
SA-6 SA-7 MRRS

22. Heterotic Populations
Subtropical, Midaltitude and Highland
Group A Group B Breeding Scheme
P33 P45 MRRS
P42 P44 MRRS
P501 P502 MRRS
P401 P402 MRRS
P445 P446 MRRS
INT-A INT-B MRRS
LAT-A LAT-B MRRS
DR-A DR-B MRRS
P902 P903 MRRS

23. Inbred Testers in Use in Different
Subprograms
Adaptation
Grain
Color
Maturity Tester Inbreds
Tropical (HQ)
White
Yellow
Yellow
White
Late
Late
Early
Early
CML247, CML254
CML287, CML413
CML421,CML422, CML423
CML419, CML420, CML416
Subtropical (HQ)
Yellow
White
Intermediate
Late
CML323, CML327
CML311, CML321
Mid-altitude (Harare) White Late CML202, CML206, N3, SC
Highland (HQ) White Early CML242, CML246, CML349
Tropical
(ARMP-Thailand)
Yellow
Yellow
Early
Late
CML421, CML426, CML429, CA03116,
CA03128, CML430, CML431, CA00310,
CA00370, CA34502, CL02836, CML433

24. Inbred Testers in Use in Different Countries
Country Institution Line names
Thailand
K.U.
DOA
CIMMYT-ARMP
Ki21, Ki44, Ki45, Ki46
Nei9008, Nei9202, Nei412004
CMLs 430, 431, 433, 426, 427, 429
Philippines IPB Pi17, Pi23
India AICP CM202, CM111
Vietnam NMRI DF8, DF7, DF6
Indonesia RIMOC GM12, 15, 27, 30
China
(Guangxi)
GMRI DM9, M9, Sing8, Gong5
Mexico
INIFAP
CIMMYT
T39, 40, 43
CL02450, CML451 (G25), CML419,
CL04935)

25. The step for hybrid breeding program
Step for hybrid production:
• Development of based population
• Improvement of based population* (intra atau inter popo
improvemnet)
• Extraction of inbred lines
• Testing of combining ability
• Improvement of inbred lines
• Development of F1 hybrid
Hibryd F1:
• Single cross
• Double cross
• Three way cross
Technical for hybrid seed production:
• Manual
• Mandul jantan