You wil learn about famous British scientists (Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Alexander Fleming, Alan Turing, Stephen Hawking, Timothy Barners-Lee)

1. Great British Scientists

2. Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
• Famous as: mathematician and physicist (физик)
• a key figure in the Scientific Revolution of the 17th
century
• one of the most influential (влиятельный) and
popular scientists of all time
• played an important role in our understanding of
natural phenomena (природные явления)
• formulated the law of universal gravitation
(всемирное тяготение) and laws of
motion(движения)
• invented the Newtonian telescope
• was also interested in religion, occult, and
alchemy
• was knighted by Queen Anne of England in 1705

3. Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
• Famous as: physicist and chemist (химик)
• had poor education, taught himself
• studied electrochemistry and
electromagnetism
• invented electromagnetic rotary devices
(электромагнитные поворотные
устройства) which served as the basis
(основа) for electric motor
(электродвигатель) technology
• his research (исследование) helped
understand the idea of the electromagnetic
field (электромагнитное поле)

4. Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
• Famous as: mathematician, computer
scientist
• known as the father of the computer, was
the first to invent the idea of a computer that
could be programmed
• invented the prototype of the world’s first
mechanical calculator, the Difference Engine
(разностная машина)
• also created the Analytical Engine
(аналитическая машина), the first general-
purpose computer (универсальный
компьютер) with the help of mathematician
Ada Lovelace

5. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
• Famous as: naturalist, biologist,
geologist
• published the Theory of Evolution,
which explains the evolution of life
from a unicellular
(одноклеточные) organism to
human beings and discovered that
humans and apes (приматы) have
shared ancestors (общие предки)
• also wrote important books on
plants and barnacles (усоногие)

6. Alexander Fleming (1881 – 1955)
• Famous as: biologist and
pharmacologist
• discovered penicillin in 1928
which marked the start of
today’s antibiotics
• began studies of better
antibacterial treatments
(лечение)

7. Alan Turing (1912-1954)
• Famous as: mathematician and
computer scientist
• the father of computer science
and artificial intelligence
(искуственный интелект)
• played an important role in
winning WWII, successfully
breaking the German Enigma
machine codes (шифр)

8. Stephen Hawking (1942-2018)
• Famous as: theoretical physicist,
cosmologist
• studied at Oxford and Cambridge
Universities
• at the age of 21 was diagnosed with
motor neurone disease (рассеянный
склероз) and was told he would only live
for another two years, but went on to live
for another 55 years, using an electric
wheelchair ( инвалидное кресло) and
communicating (общаясь) through a
speech-generating device (устройство
генерирующее речь)
• explained the origins (происхождение) of
the universe (вселенная), stars and black
holes

9. Timothy Berners-Lee (1955- )
• Famous as: engineer and computer
scientist
• is responsible (ответственный) for one
of the biggest innovations of the modern
world – the World Wide Web
(Всемирная сеть)
• created a new computer language HTML
• a Professional Fellow of Computer
Science at the University of Oxford, a
professor at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), the Director of the
World Wide Web Consortium (an
organization that looks after the WWW)
• received a knighthood from Queen
Elizabeth ll