The document summarizes the biographies and major contributions of 20 famous scientists from history. It describes scientists such as Albert Einstein, Alfred Nobel, Svante Arrhenius, Ernest Rutherford, Amedeo Avogadro, Otto Hahn, Robert Boyle, Michael Faraday, Werner Heisenberg, James Chadwick, Antoine Henri Becquerel, Linus Pauling, Henry Moseley, Joseph John Thomson, Marie Curie, Alessandro Volta, Antoine Lavoisier, Dmitri Mendeleev, Benjamin Thompson, and Erwin Schrödinger. Each entry highlights what they are known for and their impact on fields like physics, chemistry, and nuclear science

1. 5 - Day Workshop on “Building
21st Century Chemistry
Classroom through Project
Based Learning”

2. ICE BREAKING SESSION

3. RULES
1. Find your Partner
2. Interact with him /her over a cup of tea
3. Try to know about her / his aspirations in life &
other positive traits
4. Introduce your partner (Time Limit 2-3 min.)

4. Albert Einstein was born in Germany. He was a
great physicist from America and a Nobel laureate.
Einstein gained worldwide fame as he created
extraordinary theories related to relativity and for
his suggestions and premises that are related to
the light’s particle nature. Einstein is one of the
most renowned physicists of the twentieth century.

5. The foundation of the Nobel Prize-that has been
honoring people from all around the world for their
great accomplishments in physics, chemistry,
medicine, literature, and for work in peace-was
laid by none other than Alfred Nobel. He was a
Swedish scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author
and pacifist. He was a great genius who invented
dynamite and many other explosives. He also
constructed companies and laboratories in more
than 20 countries all over the world.

6. Svante Arrhenius was a Swedish physicist and
physical chemist who formulated the theory of
electrolytic dissociation. One of the founding
fathers of physical chemistry, Arrhenius also
present a revolutionary model of the greenhouse
effect. He won the 1903 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
for his brilliant contributions.

7. The British physicist and chemist, Ernest
Rutherford is known for his remarkable orbital
theory of the atom in his discovery of Rutherford
dispersion with his famous Gold Foil experiment. He
is also known as the “father of nuclear physics”. He
was honored with a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in
1908 for his exploration into the disintegration of
the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive
substances.

8. The Italian scientist, Amedeo Avogadro is most
famous for his contributions to theory of moles and
molecular weight, including what is known as
Avogadro’s law. In respect of his contributions to
the molecular theory, the number of molecules in
one mole was renamed Avogadro’s number.
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9. Otto Hahn was a German chemist and researcher,
who is widely considered to be one of the most
influential nuclear chemists in history. He
pioneered the fields of radiochemistry and
radioactivity. Also known as “the father of nuclear
chemistry”, Hahn crusaded against the use of
nuclear weapons after World War II.

10. Boyle carried out various experiments which helped
him in the discovery of the relationship between
pressure and volume of gases. This resulted in the
“Boyle-Mariotte Law” which implies that if the
temperature is constant, the volume of gas is
inversely proportional to the pressure. The phrase
“chemical analysis” was also coined by him.

11. English scientist and physicist, Michael Faraday is
known for his brilliant discoveries of electro-
magnetic induction, electro-magnetic rotations, the
magneto-optical effect, diamagnetism, field theory
and much more. Many famous historians regard
him as the most influential and exemplary
experimentalist in the history of science. The
incredible scope and profundity of Faraday’s work
spanned a time of 60 years. He is considered as one
of the top figures of the 19th century for his
remarkable contribution in the field of electricity

12. Werner Heisenberg was a German physicist and
philosopher who is noted for his crucial
contributions to quantum mechanics. He devised a
method to formulate quantum mechanics in terms
of matrices, for which he was awarded the 1932
Nobel Prize for Physics. Heisenberg is widely
considered as one of the most influential figures in
nuclear physics, particle physics and quantum field
theory.

13. James Chadwick was English and he was a
Physicist by profession.In 1932, Chadwick made a
fundamental discovery in the domain of nuclear
science: he proved the existence of neutrons -
elementary particles devoid of any electrical
charge. In contrast with the helium nuclei (alpha
rays) which are charged, and therefore repelled by
the considerable electrical forces present in the
nuclei of heavy atoms, this new tool in atomic
disintegration need not overcome any electric
barrier and is capable of penetrating and splitting
the nuclei of even the heaviest elements.

14. Antoine Henri Becquerel was born in Paris on
December 15, 1852, a member of a distinguished
family of scholars and scientists. His father,
Alexander Edmond Becquerel, was a Professor of
Applied Physics and had done research on solar
radiation and on phosphorescence. He entered the
Polytechnic in 1872 and ultimately became a
professor in the same institute of the Applied
Physics

15. Linus Pauling was an American theoretical physical
chemist and activist. He remains one of the greatest
chemists ever, and the only person in history to be
awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes; in 1954 for
studying the nature of the chemical bond, and in
1962 for his efforts regarding the prohibition of
nuclear testing. His contributions to quantum
chemistry and molecular biology are considered
revolutionary and created a universal impact.

16. The British physicist, Henry Moseley is known for
his establishment of truly scientific basis of the
Periodic Table of the Elements by sorting chemical
elements in the order of their atomic numbers. In
his short career, he contributed a lot towards the
science of physics through his research. Many
scientists believe that if Moseley had survived a bit
longer he would have contributed a great deal to
the knowledge of atomic structure and also earned
the Nobel Prize in Physics.

17. Sir Joseph John Thomson, more commonly known
as J. J. Thomson, was an English physicist who
stormed the world of nuclear physics with his 1897
discovery of the electron, as well as isotopes. He is
also credited with the invention of the mass
spectrometer. He received the Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1906 and was knighted two years later
in 1908

18. The famous chemist and physicist, Marie Curie was
the first person in the history to be awarded with
the two Nobel Prizes in diverse fields of science
(chemistry and physics). She is notable for her
theory of radioactivity, techniques for isolating
radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two new
elements, polonium and radium. Her work has
received great appreciation from many scientists
all over the world.

19. Alessandro Volta is one of the most famous Italian
physicists who is highly regarded for his invention
of the electric cell as well as the 1777 discovery of
methane. body, Volta experimented extensively to
study electrical induction. He was successful in
creating some devices that were able to store
electric charge.

20. Widely credited as the “father of modern
chemistry”, Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist
and a central figure in the 18th-century chemical
revolution. He formulated a theory of the chemical
reactivity of oxygen and co-wrote the modern
system for the nomenclature of chemical substances

21. Dmitri Mendeleev revolutionized our understanding
of the properties of atoms and created a table that
probably embellishes every chemistry classroom in
the world. His greatest accomplishment, however,
was the stating of the Periodic Law and the
development of the Periodic Table.

22. Sir Benjamin Thompson, count von Rumford was an
American-born British physicist and inventor who
was a founder of the Royal Institution of Great
Britain. One of the leading figures in the history of
thermodynamics, his work rejected the popular
belief that heat is a liquid form of matter and laid
down the modern theory that heat is a form of
motion.

23. Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger, more
commonly known as Erwin Schrödinger, was an
Austrian physicist and theoretical biologist. One of
the founders of quantum mechanics, he is known
for the Schrödinger equation and his brilliant
contributions to the wave theory of matter. He
shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Paul
Dirac in 1933.

24. The great British chemist, meteorologist and
physicist John Dalton. His tremendous efforts led to
the evolution of modern atomic theory. He published
his gas law which is now known as ‘Dalton’s law.’
In this law he basically stated that the total
pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to
the sum of the partial pressures of each individual
component in a gas mixture .

25. Hans Christian Oersted was a Danish physicist and
chemist who revolutionized the arena of
electromagnetism by discovering that the electric
currents can produce magnetic fields. His 1820
discovery of piperine, the pungent component that
causes the hotness of pepper, and his 1825
formulation of metallic aluminum, are considered
significant contributions in the history of chemistry.

26. Niels Henrik David Bohr is considered as one of most
dominant and influential physicists of the 20th
century. His remarkable work in understanding the
atomic structure and quantum Mechanics earned
him the Nobel Price in Physics in 1922. He also acted
as a prominent part of the team of physicists
working on the Manhattan Project. His contribution
to the field of physics has received remarkable
praise from many scientists all over the world.