The document summarizes key aspects of Tudor rule in England from 1485-1603. It discusses how Henry VII established the foundations of a strong monarchy and wealthy nation state. Henry VIII broke England from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England. His daughter Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish Armada, cementing England's status. The document also describes domestic life, language, and culture that developed during this period of English history.

1. The Tudors (1485-1603)

2. • The century of Tudor rule (1485-1603) is often
thought of as a most glorious period in English
history.

3. • Henry Vll built the foundations of a wealthy nation
state and a powerful monarchy.
• His son, Henry VIII kept a magnificent court, and
made the Church in England truly English by
breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church.
• his daughter Elizabeth brought glory to the new
state by defeating the powerful navy of Spain, the
greatest European power of the time.
•

4. 1. The Built of a Nation
a. Henry VII and the New Monarch
(1485-1509)
• Henry VII is less well known than either Henry
VIII or Elizabeth I. But he was far more
important in establishing the new monarchy
than either of them.

5. • During the Wars of the Roses, England's trading
position had been badly damaged.
• In 1485, Henry VIII made an important trade
agreement with the Netherlands which allowed
English trade to grow again.

6. • Henry used the "Court of Star Chamber",
traditionally the king's council chamber, to deal
with lawless nobles.
• Local justice that had broken down during the
wars slowly began to operate again.

7. • Henry also raised taxes for wars which he then did not
fight. He never spent money unless he had to.
• He was careful to keep the friendship of the merchant
and lesser gentry classes.
• He built ships for a merchant fleet that enforced the
international trade.

8. • When Henry died in 1509 he left behind the
huge total of £2 million, about fifteen years'
worth of income.

9. b. Henry VIII and the Reformation
• Henry VIII was quite unlike his father.
• He was cruel, wasteful with money, and
interested in pleasing himself.
• Henry disliked the power of the Church in
England because, since it was an international
organisation, he could not completely control it.

10. • In 1510 Henry had married Catherine of Aragon,
the widow of his elder brother Arthur.
• But by 1526 she had still not had a son who
survived infancy
• Henry asked for the divorce.
• But the pope was controlled by Charles V, who
was Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain,
and also Catherine's nephew.

11. • The pope refused the divorce, this led Henry to
break with the catholic church building a new
church “Protestantism’
• Protestantism was introduced by martin Luther
in Germany and john Calvin in Geneva.

12. • Through several Acts of Parliament between
1532 and 1536, England became politically a
Protestant country, even though the popular
religion was still Catholic

13. • Henry died in 1547, leaving behind his sixth wife, Catherine
Parr, and his three children.
• Mary, the eldest, was the daughter of Catherine of Aragon.
• Elizabeth was the daughter of his second wife, Anne Boleyn,
whom he had executed because she was unfaithful.
• Nine-year-old Edward was the son of Jane Seymour

14. 3. The Protestants-Catholic Struggle
• Under Edward VI, the young son of Henry
VIII, England became more protestant,
• A lot of nobles profited from the church lands
and property after the break with the Roman
Catholic Church.

15. • Mary , the Catholic daughter of Catherine of
Aragon, became queen when her brother
Edward, aged sixteen, died in 1553.
• She was supported by the ordinary people, who
were angered by the greed of the Protestant
nobles.

16. • Mary decided to marry the King Philip of Spain
that made him king of England for Mary's
lifetime.
• A rebellion in Kent actually reached London

17. • ‘Bloody Mary’ then began burning Protestants.
300 people died in this way during her five-year
reign

18. • Elizabeth I, Mary's half sister, was lucky to
become queen when Mary died in 1558.
• Her period of sovereignty was kind of
prosperous.

19. • In some ways the kind of Protestantism finally
agreed in 1559 remained closer to the Catholic
religion than to other Protestant groups

20. • She made the Church part of the state machine.

21. 3) Family Life, Language and Culture
a. Domestic Life
• In the 16th Century, the population increased.
• The unused land was cleared for sheep, and
large areas of forest were cut down to provide
wood for the growing shipbuilding industry.

22. • The price of food and other goods rose steeply
during the sixteenth and early seventeenth
centuries.
• England was beginning to experience greater
social and economic problems than ever before.

23. • The rise of unemployment and robbery. As one
foreign visitor reported, “There are incredible
numbers of robbers here, they go about in
bands of twenty…”

24. • Women in England had greater freedom than
anywhere else in Europe.

25. • There was a dark side to married life.
• Most women bore between eight and fifteen
children, and many women died in childbirth.
• Marriage was often an economic arrangement, deep
emotional ties often seem to have been absent.

26. • Between 1530 and 1600 almost everyone
doubled their living space.
• After 1570 the wealthy yeoman's family had
eight or more rooms and workers' families had
three rooms instead of one, and more furniture
was used than ever before.

27. b. Language and Culture
• London English, itself a mixture of south midland
and southeastern English, had become accepted as
Standard English.
• For the first time, people started to think of London
pronunciation as "correct" pronunciation.

28. • The Renaissance influenced Britain with some
works like Thomas More, wrote a study of the
ideal nation, called Utopia, which became
extremely popular throughout Europe.

29. • In music, painting and art, England enjoyed its
most fruitful period ever and saw its heydays.

30. • At the period of Elizabeth’s reign, literature was
England's greatest art form.
• Playwrights like Christopher Marlowe, Ben
Jonson, and William Shakespeare filled the
theatres with their exciting new plays.