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Mapping of ground water quality using geographical information system
This document presents a study that uses GIS to map groundwater quality in the Rajam area of Andhra Pradesh, India. Water samples were collected from 31 villages and analyzed for various parameters. A water quality index (WQI) was calculated based on the parameters. The WQI values were then mapped in a GIS to produce a groundwater quality map of the study area and identify villages where water quality was poor or unfit for drinking. Maps in the GIS showed concentrations of different parameters like pH, chloride, and nitrates across villages. The study found high fluoride in some villages and poor water quality in 3 villages based on their WQI over 100.
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Mapping of ground water quality using geographical information system
- 1. MAPPING OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Prepared by Amul Patwal M. Tech. First Year (133180010) ES 680 GIS for Environmental Planning and Management Under the guidance of Prof. A. K. Dikshit CESE, IITB 14/18/2014
- 2. Outline of Presentation Objective Study Area Water Quality Index (WQI) GIS Application Output 24/18/2014
- 3. OBJECTIVE To studyground water quality of RAJAM area using GIS software To create Water Quality Index (WQI). Generate Ground Water Quality Map based on the WQI. 34/18/2014
- 4. STUDY AREA India AndhraPradesh Srikakulam Rajam - Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Located at 180 28’N & 830 40’E Population – 50000 Rajam mandal – 31 villages. Rajam 44/18/2014
- 5. Methodology for Data Interpretation Groundwater sample were collected from bore well. Samples were analyzed using standard procedures. Samples were analyzed for various parameters such as pH, total hardness, chloride, TDS, fluoride, nitrate, and total alkalinity 54/18/2014
- 6. Determination Of WaterQuality Index (Ramakrishnaiah et al., 2009) WQI is computed by adopting the following formula The relative weight (Wi ) is computed A quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned: qi = (Ci/ Si) x 100 where qi is the quality rating, Ci = concentration of each chemical parameter in each water sample in mg/L, Si = Indian drinking water standard for each chemical parameter in mg/L 64/18/2014
- 7. PARAMETER STANDARD WEIGHTAGE(Wi) pH8.5 0.026742 TURBIDITY(NTU) 5 0.045461 CHLORIDE (mg/l) 250 0.000909 TOTAL HARDNESS(mg/l as CaCO3) 300 0.000758 TOTAL ALKALINITY(mg/l) 200 0.001137 IRON(mg/l) 0.3 0.757684 FLUORIDE(mg/l) 1.5 0.151537 NITRATE(mg/l) 45 0.005051 CALCIUM(mg/l) 75 0.003031 MAGNESIUM(mg/l) 30 0.007577 Table :Water Quality Parameter, BIS Standards, And Weightages (Kumar et al., 2010). 74/18/2014
- 8. Contd. … For computingwater quality index SI is first determined. Where, SIi is the subindex of ith parameter qi is the rating based on concentration of ith parameter n is the number of parameters 84/18/2014
- 9. WATER QUALITY INDEX DESCRIPTION 0-25Excellent 26-50 Good 51-75 Poor 76-100 Very Poor >100 Unfit for drinking (UFD) Table :Water Quality Index Categories (Kumar et al., 2010) 94/18/2014
- 10. Steps in GISProject Raster Toposheet Shapefile created in ArcCatalog Georeferencing Digitization of map Attribute Data Entry Set Layer Properties Symbology Analysis Report 104/18/2014
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- 12. BASE MAP Source: Kumaret al., 2010 124/18/2014
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- 15. Creating Shapefile inArcCatalog
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- 24. Label Expression (New_ShapefileLayer) 244/18/2014
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- 30. Village Total HardnessConcentration 304/18/2014
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- 37. Nitrate Conc. :Bar Chart 374/18/2014
- 38. WQI : BarChart 384/18/2014
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- 41. Output for printing andpublication 414/18/2014
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- 53. Conclusion It isobserved that the villages like G. Ch. Palli, Pogiri, and V. R. Agraharam had water quality which is unfit for drinking. It is observed that the fluoride concentration is high in the villages, Rajam, Guravam, Vommi, Syampuram, Pogir i. Total hardness was to be high in all the villages in the Rajam Mandal. As WQI is more than 100 for G.CH Palli, V.R. Agraharam and Pogiri, water in these villages is unfit for drinking. 534/18/2014
- 54. References Ramakrishnaiah, C.R., C.Sadashivalah and G. Ranganna(2009). “Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State”, Indian J. Chem., 6: 523-530 Kumar, K.S., Kumar, P.S., Babu, M.J.R. and Rao, C.H. (2010). “Assessment and Mapping Of Ground Water Quality Using Geographical Information Systems”. International Journal of Science and Technology. 11:6035-6046. 544/18/2014