1. MAPPING OF GROUND WATER
QUALITY USING
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Prepared by
Amul Patwal
M. Tech. First Year (133180010)
ES 680
GIS for Environmental Planning and Management
Under the guidance of
Prof. A. K. Dikshit
CESE, IITB
14/18/2014

2. Outline of Presentation
 Objective
 Study Area
 Water Quality Index (WQI)
 GIS Application
 Output
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3. OBJECTIVE
 To study ground water quality of RAJAM area
using GIS software
 To create Water Quality Index (WQI).
 Generate Ground Water Quality Map based
on the WQI.
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4. STUDY AREA
India Andhra Pradesh
Srikakulam
Rajam - Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Located at 180 28’N & 830 40’E
Population – 50000
Rajam mandal – 31 villages.
Rajam
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5. Methodology for Data
Interpretation
Ground water sample were collected from
bore well.
Samples were analyzed using standard
procedures.
Samples were analyzed for various
parameters such as pH, total
hardness, chloride, TDS, fluoride, nitrate, and
total alkalinity
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6. Determination Of Water Quality
Index (Ramakrishnaiah et al., 2009)
WQI is computed by adopting the following formula
The relative weight (Wi ) is computed
A quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned:
qi = (Ci/ Si) x 100
where qi is the quality rating,
Ci = concentration of each chemical parameter in each water
sample in mg/L,
Si = Indian drinking water standard for each chemical
parameter in mg/L
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7. PARAMETER STANDARD WEIGHTAGE(Wi)
pH 8.5 0.026742
TURBIDITY(NTU) 5 0.045461
CHLORIDE (mg/l) 250 0.000909
TOTAL
HARDNESS(mg/l as
CaCO3) 300 0.000758
TOTAL
ALKALINITY(mg/l) 200 0.001137
IRON(mg/l) 0.3 0.757684
FLUORIDE(mg/l) 1.5 0.151537
NITRATE(mg/l) 45 0.005051
CALCIUM(mg/l) 75 0.003031
MAGNESIUM(mg/l) 30 0.007577
Table :Water Quality Parameter, BIS Standards, And Weightages
(Kumar et al., 2010).
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8. Contd. …
For computing water quality index SI is first determined.
Where, SIi is the subindex of ith parameter
qi is the rating based on concentration of ith parameter
n is the number of parameters
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9. WATER QUALITY
INDEX DESCRIPTION
0-25 Excellent
26-50 Good
51-75 Poor
76-100 Very Poor
>100 Unfit for drinking (UFD)
Table :Water Quality Index Categories (Kumar et al., 2010)
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10. Steps in GIS Project
Raster Toposheet
Shapefile created in ArcCatalog
Georeferencing
Digitization of map
Attribute Data Entry
Set Layer Properties
Symbology
Analysis
Report
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11. GEOREFERENCING
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12. BASE MAP
Source: Kumar et al., 2010 124/18/2014

13. RMS ERROR

14. CREATING SHAPEFlLE
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15. Creating Shapefile in ArcCatalog

16. Contd. …
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17. DIGITIZATION
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18. Digitization: Village
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19. Digitized Map

20. ATTRIBUTE DATA
ENTRY
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21. Insert Table
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22. Join Data
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23. Contd. …
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24. Label Expression (New_Shapefile Layer)
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25. Labelled Expression
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26. SYMBOLOGY &
QUERY
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27. Quantities
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28. Village PH Concentration
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29. Village Chloride Concentration
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30. Village Total Hardness Concentration
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31. Village Nitrate Concentration
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32. Village Turbidity Concentration
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33. Village Fluoride Concentration
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34. Village Alkalinity Concentration
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35. Query Builder
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36. Query Builder
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37. Nitrate Conc. : Bar Chart
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38. WQI : Bar Chart
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39. BAR CHART
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40. PIE CHART
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41. Output for printing
and publication
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42. 424/18/2014

43. 434/18/2014

44. 444/18/2014

45. 454/18/2014

46. 464/18/2014

47. 474/18/2014

48. 484/18/2014

49. REPORT
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50. CREATE REPORT
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51. CREATE REPORT
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52. CREATE REPORT
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53. Conclusion
 It is observed that the villages like G. Ch.
Palli, Pogiri, and V. R. Agraharam had water quality
which is unfit for drinking.
 It is observed that the fluoride concentration is high in
the
villages, Rajam, Guravam, Vommi, Syampuram, Pogir
i.
 Total hardness was to be high in all the villages in the
Rajam Mandal.
 As WQI is more than 100 for G.CH Palli, V.R.
Agraharam and Pogiri, water in these villages is unfit
for drinking.
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54. References
Ramakrishnaiah, C.R., C. Sadashivalah and G.
Ranganna(2009). “Assessment of water quality index
for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka
State”, Indian J. Chem., 6: 523-530
Kumar, K.S., Kumar, P.S., Babu, M.J.R. and
Rao, C.H. (2010). “Assessment and Mapping Of Ground
Water Quality Using Geographical Information Systems”.
International Journal of Science and Technology.
11:6035-6046.
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