2. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION
OF POLYHERBAL ANTIFUNGAL CREAM
Maratha shikshan sanstha
P
. R. PA
TIL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
Talegaon (S.P)
Dist. Wrdha - 442202
Presented By: Miss. Aasma. D. Shah
Mr. Abhishek. A. Pachghare
Mr. Abhishek. D. Nagdeve
Miss. Achal. D. Malankar
Mr. Aman. S. Maharaj
Guide By :
Miss. Smita Mankar
(M.Pharmacy
Pharmaceutics)
3. Introduction
Fungal infection
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is disease caused by fungi. Different types are traditionally divided according to the
part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic. Superficial fungal infections include common tinea of the
skin, such as tinea of the body, groin, hands, feet and beard, and yeast infections such as pityriasis versicolor.
Subcutaneous types include eumycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, which generally affect tissues in and beneath the skin.
Systemic fungal infections are more serious and include cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystis,
pneumonia, aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Signs and symptoms range widely. There is usually a rash with superficial
infection. Fungal infection within the skin or under the skin may present with a lump and skin changes. Pneumonia-like
symptoms or meningitis may occur with a deeper or systemic infection.
Fungal infection occurs after spores are either breathed in, come into contact with skin or enter the body through the skin such
as via a cut, wound or injection. It is more likely to occur in people with a weak immune system. This includes people with
illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, and people taking medicines such as steroids or cancer treatments. Fungi that cause infections in
people include yeasts, molds and fungi that are able to exist as both a mold and yeast. The yeast Candida albicans can live in
people without producing symptoms, and is able to cause both superficial mild candidiasis in healthy people, such as oral
thrush or vaginal yeast infection, and severe systemic candidiasis in those who cannot fight infection themselves
4. Causes of Fungal infection
1. Recent antibiotic course
2. Personal habits
3. Weather
4. Occupation
5. Pets
6. Medications
7. Individuals with HIV infection
8. Diabetes mellitus
9. Transplant recipients
10. Chemotherapy
Antifungal Cream
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is
a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's
foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.
Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC).
Antifungal cream is a broad term used to describe a range of products containing antifungal agents that are
topically applied to the skin to control and manage fungal infections. These products may be formulated with
a moisture barrier to protect and condition the skin. Antifungal creams are used both as a palliative treatment
for existing fungal infections and as a prophylactic measure in cases where there is a risk of fungal infection.
5. Skin
When dermatophyte skin infection occurs, fungal spores from the environment that are normally
harmlessly attached to the top layers of the skin germinate into tubes called mycelia. The dermatophytes
reach into the upper, keratin-rich layers of the skin (epidermis) by extending long, branched ropes called
hyphae. Here, they release “Pac-man” like proteases that chomp their way through our keratin, breaking
it down for nutrients to live on, and make themselves feel at home.
In some cases, dermatophytes can grow into deeper layers of the skin, and cause more serious
infections. However, usually the fungi stay in the upper layers of the skin, growing outwards into a ring-
shaped rash. As a result, some of these infections have the common name of “ringworm” (tinea
corporis), even though the culprit is a dermatophyte rather than a worm! Whilst not usually serious, this
is usually irritating and itchy, highly embarrassing and something we want to get rid of as quickly as
possible. Fortunately, current and emerging anti-fungal drugs can help us to evict these unwanted
residents. Anti-fungal creams or tablets can provide the medical means to specifically attack fungal cells,
whilst leaving our own cells intact, relieving us from the irritation and embarrassment of the mouldy
microbes we don’t want under our skin.
7. Type of Fungal infection:-
1. Topical/superficial disease caused by fungal
pathogens
a. Dermatophytosis
b. Tinea pedis
c. Tinea corporis
d. Tinea capitis
e. Tinea unguinum (nails)
f. Superficial candidiasis
g. Oropharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush)
h. Vaginal candidiasis (vaginal thrush)
i. Candidiasis of the skin
j. Malassezia infection
k. Pityriasis versicolor
2. Seborrheic dermatitis
3. Malallezia folliculitis
4. Subcuteneous infection
a. Sporotrichosis
b. Chromoblastomycosis
c. Chronic mucocutaneous
candidiasis
5. Systemic fungal infection
8. Literature Survey
José Nabor Haro-González, et.al (2021) Reviewed on Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.
Myrtaceae):Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfume, cosmetic,
health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has biological activity relevant to human health,
including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. That review presents new biological applications
beneficial for human health, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activity.
B. Bhushan et.al (20 April 2010) studied that the mechanical properties of skin are an important characteristic of its
resistance to damage and important indicators of pathological situations. It also can help to quantify the effectiveness
of cosmetic products. In this study, we present a systematic study of the mechanical properties of virgin skin and
cream-treated skin.
Kaushlesh Kumar Mishra et.al (2020) Plants have been considered as traditional source of antifungal medicines for
past many years. Plant bioactive with antifungal activity can be considered as an option for development of new and
improved alternative formulations in antifungal therapy. Development of improved formulations with plant phyt-
compounds is the need of the hour for efficient treatment of fungal diseases.
9. Jeyasakthy Saniasiaya et.al (2016) Antifungal Effect of Malaysian Aloe vera Leaf Extract on Selected
Fungal Species of Pathogenic Otomycosis Species in In Vitro Culture Medium reported that Aloe
barbadensis miller or Aloe vera has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times with antifungal activity
known to be amongst its medicinal properties. We conducted a pilot study to determine the antifungal properties of
Malaysian Aloe vera leaf extract on otomycosis species including Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Arati D. Powar et.al (2022) A review – polyherbal antifungal cream reported that Herbal cosmetics are the
preparations used to enhance the human appearance. The aim of the present research was to formulate the herbal
Cream for the purpose of Moistening, Nourishing, lightening & Treatment of various diseases of the skin. Different
crude drugs; Aloe barbadensis (Aloe Vera leaves), Eugenia caryophyllus (clove oil), Cocos Nucifera (cocout oil)
were taken. This work mainly focuses on the assessment of the microbial quality of Formulated cosmetic
preparations.
10. Aim
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Antifungal Cream.
Objective
1. To prepare cream having antifungal properties.
2. Antifungal cream having herbal active pharmaceutical ingredient.
3. Selecting herbs having antifungal properties.
4. To improve the efficacy of Antifungal cream on fungal infection.
5. In order to reduce the side effect.
11. Compostion of antifungal cream
Formulation of cream
API
1. Aloe vera gel
2. Coconut oil
3. Clove oil
Excipients
1. Hard Paraffin
2. Steric acid
3. Cetosteryl alcohol
4. Liquid paraffin
5. Glycerine
6. Triethanol-amine
7. Propyl Paraben
8. Methyl Paraben
12. Active Pharmacetical Ingredient
1. Aloe vera
Synonyms : Aloe barbadensis, A vulgaris, Barbados aloe, Curaçao aloe, elephant's gall, first aid plant,
hsiang dan, lu hui
Botanical name : The botanical name of aloe is Aloe barbadensis miller.
Parts : The part aloe is dried latex of leaves.
Family : It belongs to the liliaceae family.
13. Description : The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white
flecks on their upper and lower stem surfaces.
Pure aloe vera gel is not bright green or completely transparent in colour. On the contrary, it's slightly
yellow or translucent gold.
Uses : Research backs up the ancient use of topical aloe vera as a skin treatment, at least for
specific conditions. Studies have shown that aloe gel might be effective in treating skin
conditions including:
Psoriasis
Seborrhea
Dandruff
Minor burns
Skin abrasions
Skin injured by radiation
Herpes sores
Acne
Anal fissures
14. 2. Clove Oil
Synonyms: Clove, clove tree, Syzygium aromaticum, Eugenia aromaticum, Eugenia
caryophyllatum, spice tree
Botanical name: Eugenia caryophyllus
Parts: The dried flower buds
Family: Belonging to family Myrtaceae.
15. Discription: Clove oil, which ranges in color from colorless to light yellow and has a strong, spicy aroma, has been
used for centuries in a variety of applications.
Uses:
1. Moisturizes Dry Skin and Helps Other Skin Problems.
2. Reduces Some Types of Pain
3. Soothes Irritation
4. Cleans Katana Swords and Other Metals
5. Improves Blood Circulation
6. Used as an Insect Repellent
7. Used as an anti fungal agent
16. 3. Coconut oil
Synonyms: Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil.
Botanical name: Cocos nucifera L.
Parts: Oil expressed from the dried solid part of endosperm of coconut.
Family: Belonging to family Palmae.
17. Discription: Coconut oil is a white solid fat; in warmer climates during the summer months it is a clear thin
liquid oil, melting at warmer room temperatures of around 25 °C (78 °F). Unrefined varieties have a distinct
coconut aroma.
Uses:
The benefits of using coconut oil for the skin are varied and may include:
moisturizing dry skin, including in people with conditions such as eczema
reducing inflammation, which may result from UVB rays
promoting wound healing
antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties
18. PLAN OF WORK
Literature Survey
Collection of Excipient
Formulation of cream
Evaluation of cream
Physical Appearance
pH Range
Viscosity
Spreadability
Skin irritancy test
Antimicrobial test
19. Conclusion
The use of herbal/bioactive ingredients in cream (cosmetic) influence biological functions of skins and provide
nutrients necessary for the healthy skin aginst antifungal infection. Foemulation of antimicrobial agent like clove,
aloe, coconut oil enhanced rate of antifungal activity.
Reference
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Dev., Nov-Dec 2018; 2456-6470.
2. Abhijieet P. Pandey, Satish Arun Polshettiwar, Jui V. Jagtap and B.S. Kuchekar, Formulation and Evaluation of
Antibacterial antifungal activity of Herbal Gel containing Aloe vera, Azardirachta indica and Lycopericon
esculentum seed extract. Res J Pharm & Tech., 4(4): April 2011.
3. RJ, Johns NE, Williams HC, Bolliger IW, Dellavalle RP, Margolis DJ, et al. The global burden of skin
disease in 2010: An analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions. The Journal of Investigative
Dermatology. 2013;134(6):1527-1534. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.446
4. Arif T, Bhosale JD, Kumar N, Mandal TK, Bendre RS, Lavekar GS, et al. Natural products–antifungal
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5. Kumar Sumit, Swarankar Vivek, Sharma Sujata, BAldi Ashish, et al., Herbal Cosmetics: Used for Skin 7 Hair.
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