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Climate change impact on macroalgae
- 1. Climate change impact on Climate change impact on Macroalgae Macroalgae Macroalgae initium Macroalgae initium Alexander Jueterbock, Researcher 1
- 2. 2
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- 4. Dwarf forms with reduced reproductive capacity in Spain Dwarf forms with reduced reproductive capacity in Spain Viejo et al. (2011); Ecography 4
- 5. Global seaweed loss due to ocean warming Global seaweed loss due to ocean warming 5
- 6. Identifying most important range-limiting factors Identifying most important range-limiting factors 6
- 7. Temperature as most important factor Temperature as most important factor Jueterbock et al. (2013,2016); Ecology and Evolution 7
- 8. Predicted temperature increase Predicted temperature increase IPCC AR5 WG1 (2013), Chapter 12, Fig. 12-5. 8
- 9. Predicted range shifts until year 2200 Predicted range shifts until year 2200 Jueterbock et al. (2013,2016); Ecology and Evolution 9
- 10. Increasing diversity in the Arctic Increasing diversity in the Arctic Krause-Jensen & Duarte (2014); Frontiers in Marine Science 10
- 11. Genetic diversity of Genetic diversity of Fucusserratus Fucusserratus Three glacial refugia Hoarau et al. (2007); Molecular Ecology 11
- 12. Loss of... Unique genetic variation Adaptability and long-term survival Potential for crop improvement 12
- 13. Performance reductions Performance reductions in in Saccharinalatissima Saccharinalatissima Nepper-Davidsen et al. (2020); MEPS 13
- 14. Increasing susceptibility to pathogens Increasing susceptibility to pathogens Qiu et al. (2019); Proc. R. Soc. B 14
- 15. Future scenario for kelp and grazers Future scenario for kelp and grazers Harley et al. (2012), Journal of Phycology 15
- 16. 16
- 17. Future scenario for kelp and grazers Future scenario for kelp and grazers Harley et al. (2012), Journal of Phycology 17
- 18. 18
- 19. Global shifts from kelp forests to turf Global shifts from kelp forests to turf Filbee-Dexter & Wernberg (2017), BioScience 19
- 20. Poleward shift of herbivorous tropical fishes Poleward shift of herbivorous tropical fishes Verges et al. (2014); Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci 20
- 21. Tropicalization of kelp forests in Tropicalization of kelp forests in Southern Japan Southern Japan Verges et al. (2014); Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci 21
- 23. Climate change Climate change 23 . 1
- 24. The origin of fjords - The origin of fjords - a hint to climate changes in the past a hint to climate changes in the past 23 . 2
- 25. Recent land and ocean warming Recent land and ocean warming Christiansen, J. (2013); Scienti c American 23 . 3
- 26. Recent vs. historical warming Recent vs. historical warming Ahlenius, H.; UNEP/GRID-Arendal 23 . 4
- 27. +6°C in next 200 years 23 . 5
- 28. +6°C in next 200 years >4 times faster than historical temperature changes 23 . 5
- 29. Seaweed - recap Seaweed - recap 24 . 1
- 30. Seaweed (>5,000 species) growth forms Seaweed (>5,000 species) growth forms Peteiro (2018); Chapter 2 in Alginates and Their Biomedical Applications 24 . 2
- 31. Seaweed distribution Seaweed distribution Teagle et al. (2017); Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 24 . 3
- 32. Why should we care about ocean forests? Why should we care about ocean forests? 25 . 1
- 33. Ecosystem services are worth Ecosystem services are worth >450 000 Euros km-1 year-1 (kelp forests) 25 . 2
- 35. 25 . 4
- 36. Carbon sequestration (61-268 Tg C yr Carbon sequestration (61-268 Tg C yr-1 -1) ) Krause-Jensen & Duarte (2016); Nature Geoscience 25 . 5
- 37. Source of products Source of products > 13 billion US$ per year > 13 billion US$ per year source: seaweed.ie 25 . 6
- 38. Which climate change related factor Which climate change related factor affects ocean forests most? affects ocean forests most? 26 . 1
- 39. Seaweed distribution limited by isotherms Seaweed distribution limited by isotherms Diversity highest between 10°C summer and 20°C winter isotherm Diversity highest between 10°C summer and 20°C winter isotherm 26 . 2
- 40. 330 km poleward shift of the 330 km poleward shift of the 15°C summer SST isotherm (1985-2000) 15°C summer SST isotherm (1985-2000) McMahon & Hays (2006); Global Change Biology 26 . 3
- 41. Climate change impact on Climate change impact on distribution ranges distribution ranges 27 . 1
- 42. 1999: extensive meadows of 1999: extensive meadows of Fucusserratus Fucusserratus Jueterbock et al. (2013); Ecology and Evolution James Coyer 27 . 2
- 43. 2010: 90% abundance decline in 11 years 2010: 90% abundance decline in 11 years Jueterbock et al. (2013); Ecology and Evolution 27 . 3
- 44. Disappearance of a bull kelp forest in Northern Disappearance of a bull kelp forest in Northern California California Kevin Joe and Cynthia Catton, California Department of Fish and Wildlife 27 . 4
- 45. Ongoing colonization of Arctic regions Ongoing colonization of Arctic regions Mueller et al. (2009); Botanica Marina 27 . 5
- 46. Ocean forests are damaged by heat waves and shifting polewards 27 . 6
- 47. Sublethal effects of climate change Sublethal effects of climate change 28 . 1
- 48. Decreasing primary productivity Decreasing primary productivity in in Laminariahyperborea Laminariahyperborea Smale et al. (2020); Scienti c Reports 28 . 2
- 49. Decreasing diversity and state of health 28 . 3
- 50. Climate change impact on species Climate change impact on species interactions interactions 29 . 1
- 51. Future scenario for kelp and grazers Future scenario for kelp and grazers Harley et al. (2012), Journal of Phycology 29 . 2
- 52. 29 . 3
- 53. Future scenario for kelp and grazers Future scenario for kelp and grazers Harley et al. (2012), Journal of Phycology 29 . 4
- 54. Heat wave caused shift from kelp forests to seaweed Heat wave caused shift from kelp forests to seaweed turfs in Western Australia turfs in Western Australia Wernberg et al. (2016), Science 29 . 5
- 55. 29 . 6
- 56. Global shifts from kelp forests to turf Global shifts from kelp forests to turf Filbee-Dexter & Wernberg (2017), BioScience 29 . 7
- 57. Poleward shift of herbivorous tropical fishes Poleward shift of herbivorous tropical fishes Verges et al. (2014); Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci 29 . 8
- 58. Tropicalization of kelp forests in Tropicalization of kelp forests in Southern Japan Southern Japan Verges et al. (2014); Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci 29 . 9
- 59. Increasing herbivory 29 . 10
- 60. Increasing herbivory Decreasing diversity in algal turfs 29 . 10
- 61. Increasing herbivory Decreasing diversity in algal turfs Tropicalization in warm-temperate regions 29 . 10
- 63. Seaweeds and seagrasses Seaweeds and seagrasses are not closely related are not closely related Cock et al. (2010); Nature 30 . 2
- 65. Loss of canopy-forming seaweeds in warm-temperate Loss of canopy-forming seaweeds in warm-temperate regions regions Brodie et al. (2014); Ecology and Evolution 30 . 4
- 66. Other biodiversity redistributions under climate change Other biodiversity redistributions under climate change Pecl et al. (2017); Science 30 . 5
- 67. Take a Virtual Dive in a Kelp Forest | California Academy of Sciences Take a Virtual Dive in a Kelp Forest | California Academy of Sciences 30 . 6
- 68. Ecological Niche Modeling to predict future distribution Ecological Niche Modeling to predict future distribution 30 . 7
- 69. Common garden heat stress experiments Common garden heat stress experiments 30 . 8
- 70. Common garden heat stress experiments Common garden heat stress experiments 30 . 9
- 71. Photosynthetic performance Photosynthetic performance Jueterbock et al. (2014); Marine Genomics 30 . 10
- 72. Heat stress response Heat stress response Jueterbock et al. (2014); Marine Genomics 30 . 11
- 73. ...density and productivity. ...density and productivity. in Zostera marina Reynolds et al. (2012); PLOS ONE 30 . 12
- 74. Warming stimulates growth in northern populations Warming stimulates growth in northern populations Marba et al. (2017); Ambio Ascophyllum nodosum 30 . 13
- 75. Poleward range extension of Poleward range extension of Laminariahyperborea Laminariahyperborea Müller et al. (2009); Botanica Marina 30 . 14
- 78. Jueterbock et al. (2018); BMC Evolutionary Biology Becheler et al. (2014); Heredity Temporal stability of genetic diversity Temporal stability of genetic diversity 30 . 17
- 79. Impact of climate change Impact of climate change Davis & Shaw (2001); Science 30 . 18
- 80. Intertidal species are particularly sensitive Intertidal species are particularly sensitive
- 81. Why are seaweeds ideal organisms to study climate change impact? 30 . 19
- 82. Causes of climate fluctuations Causes of climate fluctuations 30 . 20
- 83. Fucoid (and kelp) distribution Fucoid (and kelp) distribution
- 84. Wahl et al. (2017); Perspectives in Phycology 30 . 21
- 85. Upwelling regions along shores of SW-Iberia and NW-Africa are climate change refugia for Fucus guiryi Upwelling regions and deep reefs as climate change Upwelling regions and deep reefs as climate change refugia refugia Lourenco et al. (2016), Journal of Biogeograophy 30 . 22
- 86. Projected pH decrease Projected pH decrease IPCC AR5 WG1 (2013), Fig. SPM.7c 30 . 23
- 87. pH fluctuations in macroalgal beds pH fluctuations in macroalgal beds pH pro le through a Fucus belt under calm conditions day time = black dots, night time = white dots) and on a windy day (black triangles). Wahl et al. (2017); Limnology and Oceanography 30 . 24
- 88. Acidification is beneficial Acidification is beneficial Seagrass and most macroalgae can use CO2 and bicarbonate for photosynthesis Figure credits: ib.bioninja.com.au Koch et al. (2013); Global Change Biology Cornwall et al. (2017); Scienti c Reports 30 . 25
- 89. Temperature more important than pH in Temperature more important than pH in Zosteranoltii Zosteranoltii Repolho et al. (2017); Scienti c Reports 30 . 26
- 90. Salinity Salinity Salty parts have become saltier and fresh regions have become fresher IPCC AR5 WG1 (2013), Chapter 12, Fig. 12-5. 30 . 27
- 91. Salinity changes are unlikely to have an impact Salinity changes are unlikely to have an impact Kelp germlings tolerate salinity changes of 15 PSU The seagrass Zostera marina grows in salinities ranging from 35 to 5 PSU 30 . 28
- 92. Temperature tolerance of a population Temperature tolerance of a population Garrison (2010); Oceanography 30 . 29
- 93. Genetic diversity enhances survivability Genetic diversity enhances survivability Al-Janabi et al. (2016); Marine Biology Fucus vesiculosus 30 . 30
- 94. Transition from kelp forests to coral reefs Transition from kelp forests to coral reefs Verges et al. (2014); Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci 30 . 31
- 95. 1,250 km range contraction within 1,250 km range contraction within 30 years 30 years Nicastro et al. (2013); BMC Biology Fucus vesiculosus 30 . 32
- 96. Dispersal and invasive potential Dispersal and invasive potential 30 . 33
- 97. Extreme polar light conditions Extreme polar light conditions Berge et al. (2015); Progress in Oceanography 30 . 34
- 98. Biodiveristy loss on stipes of warm-water kelp Biodiveristy loss on stipes of warm-water kelp Teagle et al. (2017); Biodiversity Research Pessarrodona et al. (2018); Journal of Ecology Richness <12 x Biomass <3600 x 30 . 35
- 99. Rising temperatures favor mussel recruitment Rising temperatures favor mussel recruitment diversity is expected to decline Ugarte et al. (2009), Journal of Applied Phycology 30 . 36
- 100. Impact of marine heat waves on seagrass and kelp Impact of marine heat waves on seagrass and kelp Smale et al. (2019); Nature Climate Change 30 . 37
- 101. Loss of kelp forests in Western Australia Loss of kelp forests in Western Australia 43% loss from 2011 to 2013 Wernberg et al. (2016), Science 30 . 38
- 102. Protection from desiccation Protection from desiccation 30 . 39
- 103. Range shift projections for Range shift projections for Zosteranoltii Zosteranoltiiuntil 2100 until 2100 Valle et al. (2014); Biological Conservation 30 . 40