![Introduction
Human impact on marine ecosystems
IC
[Halpern et al., 2010; Science]
Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 2 / 14](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Climate change in the North Atlantic: Selection and local adaptation on the rocky shore
- 1. Climate change Selection and local adaptation on the rocky shore Jüterbock A. Coyer J.A. Kollias S. Olsen J.L. Fernandes J. Hoarau G. Alexander.Juterbock@uin.no 1st Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology, Ottawa 2012 Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 1 / 14
- 2. Introduction Human impact on marine ecosystems IC [Halpern et al., 2010; Science] Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 2 / 14
- 3. Introduction Recent warming in the North Atlantic Shift of the 15℃ isotherm 330 km north 1985 2000 [McMahon & Hays, 2006; Global Change Biol.] Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 3 / 14
- 4. Introduction Main objective Climate change impact on North Atlantic rocky shores? Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 4 / 14
- 5. Introduction Fucus serratus, habitat-provisioning on North Atlantic rocky shores 2200 IPCC scenario (A1B) projection 2000 thermal range (10℃ summer to 15℃ winter isotherm) current distribution [Fredriksen et al., 2005; Mar. Biol. Res.], algal frond: [Køie et al., 2001; Der große Kosmos Strandführer]. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 5 / 14
- 6. Introduction Fucus serratus, habitat-provisioning on North Atlantic rocky shores 2200 IPCC scenario (A1B) projection 2000 thermal range (10℃ summer to 15℃ winter isotherm) current distribution [Fredriksen et al., 2005; Mar. Biol. Res.], algal frond: [Køie et al., 2001; Der große Kosmos Strandführer]. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 5 / 14
- 7. Introduction Recent changes in southern edge populations of F. serratus 1999 Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 14
- 8. Introduction Recent changes in southern edge populations of F. serratus 1999 2010 90% abundance decline Reduced reproductive capacity [Viejo et al., 2011; Ecography] Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 14
- 9. Introduction Recent changes in southern edge populations of F. serratus 1999 2010 90% abundance decline Reduced reproductive capacity [Viejo et al., 2011; Ecography] Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 14
- 10. Objectives Specific aims Local adaptation? Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 7 / 14
- 11. Objectives Specific aims Local adaptation? Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 7 / 14
- 12. Objectives Specific aims Local adaptation? Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 7 / 14
- 13. Heat-stress experiments Sampling sites of algae in 2011 Norway Denmark France Spain Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 8 / 14
- 14. Heat-stress experiments Experimental setup Acclimatization for >4 weeks 9℃ 16:8 h light:dark cycle Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14
- 15. Heat-stress experiments Experimental setup Common-garden heat-stress experiments Heat-stress 6 ind./pop. 20℃–36℃ 1h Stress 24h Recovery T (°C) Time Measurements Photosynthetic response: Fluorometer Change in performance Transcriptomic response: real-time PCR HSP70 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation HSP90 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation sHSP Protection: protein stabilization Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14
- 16. Heat-stress experiments Experimental setup Common-garden heat-stress experiments Heat-stress 6 ind./pop. 20℃–36℃ 1h Stress 24h Recovery T (°C) Time Measurements Photosynthetic response: Fluorometer Change in performance Transcriptomic response: real-time PCR HSP70 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation HSP90 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation sHSP Protection: protein stabilization Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14
- 17. Heat-stress experiments Experimental setup Common-garden heat-stress experiments Heat-stress 6 ind./pop. 20℃–36℃ 1h Stress 24h Recovery T (°C) Time Measurements Photosynthetic response: Fluorometer Change in performance Transcriptomic response: real-time PCR HSP70 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation HSP90 Repair: Protein refolding, degradation sHSP Protection: protein stabilization Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 9 / 14
- 18. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 19. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Local adaptation Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 20. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Thermal range in 2000 Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Local adaptation sst mean sst range Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 21. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Thermal range in 2000 Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Local adaptation broadest thermal range highest tolerance limit sst mean sst range Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 22. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Thermal range in 2200 sst mean sst range Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 23. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Thermal range in 2200 Stress sst mean sst range Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 24. Heat-stress experiments Photosynthetic response 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 ℃ Tested temperature range Norway Denmark France Spain stress without recovery stress with recovery Thermal range in 2200 Stress Stress limit reached at the southern range sst mean sst range Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 10 / 14
- 25. Heat-stress experiments Transcriptomic response HSP expression at 28℃ Norway France Spain HSP 70 HSP 90 sHSP * * *: p 0.05 Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14
- 26. Heat-stress experiments Transcriptomic response HSP expression at 28℃ Norway France Spain HSP 70 HSP 90 sHSP * * *: p 0.05 Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14
- 27. Heat-stress experiments Transcriptomic response HSP expression at 28℃ Norway France Spain HSP 70 HSP 90 sHSP * * *: p 0.05 Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14
- 28. Heat-stress experiments Transcriptomic response HSP expression at 28℃ Norway France Spain HSP 70 HSP 90 sHSP * * *: p 0.05 Spain: Adaptation to heat-stress? contradicts [Pearson et al., 2009; Jour. Ecol.] Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 11 / 14
- 29. Conclusions Conclusions Final outcome Local adaptation? Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperature variability No. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14
- 30. Conclusions Conclusions Final outcome Local adaptation? Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperature variability No. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14
- 31. Conclusions Conclusions Final outcome Local adaptation? Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperature variability No. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14
- 32. Conclusions Conclusions Final outcome Local adaptation? Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperature variability No. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14
- 33. Conclusions Conclusions Final outcome Local adaptation? Yes. Photosynthetic response: related to temperature variability No. Transcriptomic response: Local adaptation in Spain Climate change beyond thermal tolerance? Yes. Photosynthetic response: at the southern range. Future plans Long-term heatwave experiment Whole-transcriptome response Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 12 / 14
- 34. Conclusions Overall conclusion Climate change driven ecosystem shift? Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 13 / 14
- 35. Conclusions Acknowledgments Irina Smolina Mark Powell Renate Fretheim Karlsen Heidi Klæboe Nilsen Randi Restad Sjøvik Frans Allmendingen Tor Ove Dyping Bjørnar Eggen Kaspar Klaudiussen Steinar Johnson Morten Krogstad Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 14 / 14
- 36. Appendix 5 Appendix Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 1 / 6
- 37. Appendix References I Fredriksen, S.; Christie, H.; Saethre, B.A. (2005) Species richness in macroalgae and macrofauna assemblages on Fucus serratus L. (Phaeophyceae) and Zostera marina L. (Angiospermae) in Skagerrak, Norway. Marine Biology Research 1(1):2–19. Halpern, B.S.; Walbridge, S.; Selkoe, K.A.; Kappel, C.V.; Micheli, F.; D’Agrosa, C.; Bruno, J.F.; Casey, K.S.; Ebert, C.; Fox, H.E. and others (2010) A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems Science 319(5856):948–952. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 2 / 6
- 38. Appendix References II Hoarau, G.; Coyer, J.A.; Veldsink, J.H.; Stam, W.T.; Olsen, J.L. (2007) Glacial refugia and recolonization pathways in the brown seaweed Fucus serratus Molecular Ecology 16(17):3606–3616. Køie, M.; Kristiansen, A.; Weitemeyer, S. (2001) Der große Kosmos Strandführer. Kosmos. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 3 / 6
- 39. Appendix References III McMahon, C.R. & Hays, G.C. (2006) Thermal niche, large-scale movements and implications of climate change for a critically endangered marine vertebrate. Global Change Biology 12(7):1330–1338. Pearson, G.A.; Lago-Leston, A.; Mota, C. (2009) Frayed at the edges: selective pressure and adaptive response to abiotic stressors are mismatched in low diversity edge populations. Journal of Ecology 97(3):450–462. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 4 / 6
- 40. Appendix References IV Phillips, S.J.; Anderson, R.P.; Schapire, R.E. (2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling190(3-4):231–259. Tyberghein, L.; Verbruggen, H.; Pauly, K.; Troupin, C.; Mineur, F.; De Clerck, O. (2011) Bio-ORACLE: a global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 5 / 6
- 41. Appendix References V Viejo, R.M.; Martínez, B.; Arrontes, J.; Astudillo, C.; Hernández, L. (2011) Reproductive patterns in central and marginal populations of a large brown seaweed: drastic changes at the southern range limit. Ecography 34(1):75–84. Jüterbock et al. (UiN, RUG) Climate change Evolution Ottawa 2012 6 / 6